Unit 1 Test | AP Psychology

Matching: 1. Mental process, such as a dream or memory 2. School of thought founded by Sigmund Freud 3. Wrote the first modern psychology textbook 4. Basic truth or law 5. Contemporary psychological approach that emphasizes study of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status 6. Method of learning about ourselves advocated by Socrates 7. Psychologists who typically treat clients who have adjustment problems rather than serious psychological disorders 8. Scientific study of behavior and mental processes 9. Founder of the school of behaviorism 10. Contemporary school of psychology that emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior

1. cognitive activity 2. psychoanalysis 3 .William James 4. principle 5. sociocultural perspective 6. introspection 7. counseling psychologists 8. psychology 9. John B. Watson 10. cognitive perspective

Ivan Pavlov was most well known for which of the following? A. Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell B. Studying what factors led to attachment in infant monkeys C. Studying the different cognitive developmental stages of infants and children D. Teaching pigeons to peck at specific stimuli

A. Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell

In the 1800s psychologists established _______________________ for the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. A. laboratories B. Social Sciences C. reinforcement D. functionalism

A. laboratories

B. F. Skinner's concept of _______________________ showed that an animal ismore likely to repeat an action if rewarded for it. A. reinforcement B. functionalist C. social sciences D. laboratories

A. reinforcement

Along with history, anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology, psychology is one of the A. social sciences B. laboratories C. reinforcement D. functionalism

A. social sciences

Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective? A. A study to see if people who had a more congruent view of their real self and their ideal self were happier B. A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children C. A study examining whether children wanted to marry their opposite-sex parent when they grew up D. A study looking at how biological, psychological, and social factors affect development E. A study looking at how quickly a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement leads to extinction resistant behaviors

B. A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

How did Sigmund Freud differ from other early psychologists? A. Freud preferred to work in laboratories rather than directly with patients. B. Freud gained his understanding of human behavior in consultation C. Freud was a pioneer in conducting field research through questionnaires. D. Freud worked with medical doctors to study the brain and nervous system.

B. Freud gained his understanding of human behavior in consultation

Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is A. a case study B. an experiment C. naturalistic observation D. a correlational study

B. an experiment

Dorothea Dix was known for A. becoming the first woman to be appointed president of the American Psychological Association (APA) B. becoming the first woman to be granted a Ph.D. in psychology C. documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform D. being the first person to ever be called a psychologist

C. documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform

What is the primary concern of developmental psychologists? A. testifying at legal trials B. developing aptitude tests for student C. studying changes that occur throughout the life span D. all of the above

C. studying changes that occur throughout the life span

In what way is the practice of psychology closely related to the practice of the natural sciences? A. its concern with the nature of the physical world B. . its reliance on scientific research methodologies C. its interest in animal behavior and biology D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a step involved in psychological research? A. conducting surveys B. collecting and analyzing data C. drawing logical conclusions D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following might be studied by a developmental psychologist? A. how a child learns right from wrong B. the way people become friends C. changes in the body during puberty D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is the focus of the contemporary psychoanalytic perspective? A. heredity rather than environment B. environment rather than heredity C. unconscious motives and conflicts D. conscious choice and self direction

D. conscious choice and self direction

Because it is impossible to see inside the mind, psychologists are unable to verify their theories T. True F. False

F. False

Humanistic psychology, with its emphasis on the importance of consciousness, grew out of the work of Sigmund Freud. T. True F. False

F. False

To help their patients, psychologists seek to control them, that is, to make the patient conform to behavioral standards set up by the psychologist. T. True F. False

F. False

The scientific approach led to the birth of modern psychology in the 1800s as psychologists argued that ideas about human behavior and mental processes should be supported by evidence T. True F. False

T. True