Unit 11: Body Composition

The somatotype system classifies the human body into how many categories?

3

Use the equation below to calculate the BMI for a male client 5'11" and 237 lbs. (be sure to convert the client's height in inches before you begin your calculation) [Weight (lbs) / Height (in) x Height (in)] x 703 = BMI

5 feet x 12 inches = 60 inches; 60 +11 = 71 inches 237 / (71 x 71) = 237 / 5041 x 703 = 33.05

All of the following are methods to assess body composition except: a. DEXA b. Body mass index c. Skinfold thickness d. Hydrostatic weighing e. Bioelectrical impedance

Body mass index

Define "BMI" and explain its relevance for assessing body composition.

Body mass index (BMI) describes relative weight for height. BMI is often used as a predictor of future disease risk.

True or false - When taking skinfold measurement readings, only one attempt per site is recommended for an accurate reading.

FALSE

True or false - Endomorphs are slim body types.

False

Briefly explain how to use calipers.

If you are right-handed, grasp the caliper in your right hand. And with your left hand, pull out the fold of skin with its underlying layer of fat. Grasp the skin and the underlying layer of fat between the thumb and fingers of your left hand. Pull it out in the appropriate direction and continue to hold the skinfold as you apply the caliper.

Calculate goal weight:

LBM ÷ (1.00 - the body fat percentage goal) 99 / (1.00 - 29%) = 99 / 0.71 = 139 goal weight

List and explain the three somatotype classifications.

Mesomorphic, or muscular - A body type marked by a well-developed musculature, and the ability to gain muscle more easily than an ectomorph or endomorph. Ectomorphic, or slim and linear - An individual with a lean physique and light musculature. Endomorphic, or fat and round - Having a heavy rounded body build often with a marked tendency to become fat.

List the eight most common anatomical sites used for skinfold measurements.

Pectoral, suprailiac, quadriceps, abdominal, mid-axillary, triceps, calf, and subscapular

Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess:

Relative weight to height ratio and as a predictor of future disease risk

List and describe some of the methods to determine body composition.

- Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) - Underwater weighing - Potassium ion - Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - Ultrasound - Near-infrared interactance (NIR) - Skinfold thickness

Calculate number of pounds due to LBM (Lean Body Mass):

A) Total Bodyweight - pounds of fat = LBM or B) Total Bodyweight x lean body mass % = LBM 150 - 51 = 99

How can the above calculations help you with client goal setting?

As body composition information is obtained and documented, it should be used in conjunction with your clients' training goals to assess their progress (or lack thereof).

How would this client be categorized according to BMI standards?

Client's BMI is at 33, which on the spectrum is considered obesity

Ectomorphs are classified as:

Slim or linear body types

True or false - Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one method to determine body composition.

TRUE

True or false - The body is composed of lean body mass (LBM) and body fat.

TRUE

Explain how the body fat is stored in the body.

The three major structural components of the human body include muscle, bone, and fat. These components are categorized as lean body mass (LBM) and total body fat. Muscle and bone comprise the body's LBM, while different types of fat account for total body fat. lean body mass (LBM): All of you, except your fat. Includes bone, brain, organs, skin, nails, muscle, all bodily tissues. Approximately 50-60% of lean body mass is water. total body fat: Total amount of body fat throughout the body in the way of either body fat percentage or weight in body fat. Essential fat is the fat required for normal physiological functioning. It is stored in the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines, muscles, bone marrow, and lipid-rich tissues throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Storage fat is stored in adipose tissue. This reserve includes fatty tissues that protect the various internal organs as well as the larger subcutaneous (beneath the skin surface) fat. Subcutaneous fat is what people usually think of when they mention body fat.

Applying body composition: use the following client profile for each question as shown on page 372 of your textbook. (p. 106) Client profile: Imagine a female client who weighs 150 lbs and has a body fat percentage of 34%. Her body fat percentage goal is 29%. Calculate current body fat in pounds:

Total Bodyweight x Body fat Percentage = number of pounds the client carries as fat 150 x 34% = 51 pounds of fat

What are the "waist circumference" cutoffs for both men and women?

Waist circumference cutoffs for increased health risk: Men: > 40 inches (102 cm) Women: >35 inches (88 cm)

Explain the relevance of waist circumference measurements for assessing body composition.

While BMI and waist circumference measurements may be appropriate as predicators of future health risk, they are not as effective in gauging overall body mass and body composition changes.