Unit 2 Earth/Space Science

The formula for calculating density, D, is D=M/V where M represents mass and V represents volume. For liquids, volume is often given in cubic centimeters (cc), which is the same as cm^3. If the density of water is 2g/cc, what is the mass of 500 cc of water in grams (g)?

C. 1000 g

The table below compares the solubility of two substances in 100mL of water. Based on the table, which statement is true?

D. The solubility of hydrochloric acid increases as temperature increases

(Periodic table) What can be concluded about the properties of the elements that border this staircase on the periodic table?

D. These element have properties of both metals and nonmetals

What happens to the particles of a liquid when energy is release from them?

The distance between the particles decreases

The diagram below shows how our understanding of the structure of the atom has changed over time. Based on these models, which statement correctly describes what has happened to the theory of atomic structure over time?

B. It has been updated and modified based on the new data collected

Which property differentiates metalloids from metals and nonmetals?

B. Metalloids can have properties of metals and nonmetals

Isopropyl alcohol has a density of 0.786 grams per cubic centimeter. An object has a mass of 13 g and a volume of 21 cm^3. What will happen when the object is placed in the isopropyl alcohol?

B. The object will float because it is less dense than the isopropyl alcohol

Two objects have the same mass, but one object occupies a smaller volume than the other. Which statement about the objects must be true?

B. The objects have different densities

Atomic theory describes the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. Which statement best describes the particles in a given state of matter?

B. The particles in solids have fixed position

Ian needs to separate a liquid mixture of alcohol and water. Which physical property will best help Ian separate this mixture?

B. Boiling point

Long stuff about JJ Thompson Which of the following best explains how the results of Rutherford's experiment affected Thompson's widely-accepted atomic model?

B. Rutherford's results supported parts of Thompson's model, but also provided new data and interpretations

Temperatures of objects have a direct correlation to the motion of these particles. How fast and/or how far apart these particles are will deeming the temperature of that particular substance. With this in mind Mr. Chang's class participated in a science experiment where they placed three substances outside in the sunlight to determine which substance would increase in temperature more quickly. How would the motion of the particles of each substance to be described if they are allowed to sit in the sun for a duration of 10 minutes?

B. The particles of each substance began to speed up and move farther apart as the temperature increased

Ruby wants to find out what variable affect the rate at which sugar dissolves in water. She reports different information about four containers of water and sugar, as shown in the table below. Which two containers should Ruby choose to investigate the effects that different temperatures have on the rate at which sugar dissolves?

C. 1 and 3: The mixing method, sugar and water are constant, while the temperatures vary

The element at the top of the far right column of the periodic table is helium. Which statement is correct about the other elements found in this column?

C. All the other elements in the column have chemical properties similar to those of helium

(Periodic table) Based on the periodic table of elements, which of the following sets of elements have similar properties?

C. Cl, Br, I

Copper, aluminum, and zinc are three examples of metals. Which physical property do they most likely have in common?

C. High conductivity

Sam finds a gold-colored rock on a hike. He researches to find the density of gold is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3). Sam uses a graduated cylindar and water displacement to find the volume of the rock to be 3.5 cm^3. If the rock is gold, what would be the approximate mass in grams?

D. 68 grams

(Graph) Which phases do X and Y most likely represent?

X: solid Y:gas

An object moves from one location to another location that has different gravity. Why will the object's mass remain constant, while its weight changes?

D. Mass will not change because the amount of matter stays the same although gravity changes

Julie is trying to clarify a substance. The substance melts between the temperature of 1025 (degrees)C and 1080 (degrees)C. It has a hardness of about 2-3 on the MOHs scale. The substance is also no reactive with hydrochloric acid. Julie uses the table below to classify the substance. Which element in the table comes closes to having the same properties as the substance that Jolie is trying to classify?

B. Gold

Which statement correctly describes the structure of an atom?

C. It has a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus

Long stuff (Table about Description at temperature) Which of the following is the best method to improve this experiment?

The group should test additional temperature intervals to determine the exact point of phase change in Unknown C and Unknown D.

In early versions of the periodic table, elements were arranged based upon atomic mass. The elements on the period table are now arranged in the order of what property?

A. Atomic number

Which statement about elements and atoms is true?

A. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element

(Periodic Table) Which list shows elements with properties that are most similar to each other?

A. Cl, Br, I, At

A carpenter uses a saw to cut a wooden board into two different-sized pieces. Which of the following physical properties is most likely to be in the same for both pieces of wood?

A. Density

When would it be appropriate to use a model instead of a controlled experiment?

A. If the object of study is too large or small for direct experimentation

The Rutherford-Bohr model of an atom was the first really useful model that accurately illustrated what scientists knew of the behavior of atoms in the early 1900s. Based on today's understanding of atoms, what must an accurate, useful model of an atom contain?

A. Protons, neutrons, and electrons

If a sample of gold were reduced to the smallest possible particle of pure gold, which statement would most accurately describe the result?

A. The sample would be reduced to atoms of gold

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are elements in the same group on the periodic table. Why are these elements grouped together?

A. They all have similar properties

Your science class is taking a field trip to a carnival. While there, you observe carnival workers preparing foods. Which situation portrays food particles with the least amount of motion?

C. Making shaved ice snow cones

Which of the following causes liquid water to change into water vapor?

C. The kinetic energy of the particles of water increases

Consider the work of scientists investigating a popularly held theory. As scientists continue to investigate the particular theory, they begin to find evidence that contradicts one of the main ideas proposed by this theory. Although many previous researchers have supported the theory, the latest research definitely indicates one area of the theory is completely wrong. Which proposed is most appropriate?

C. The researchers should propose modifications to the existing theory that take into account their new discoveries

The table below gives a brief history of modern atomic theory. (Table about scientists theories and the year they were created) Based on the data in the table, which explanation is true

D. Additional scientific knowledge contributes to the theory by providing more concise and predictive outcomes

An astronaut leaves earth's surface and begins orbiting Earth. How will his mass and weight change?

D. His mass will remain constant; his weight will decrease

(Periodic table) Which element would have chemical properties most similar to those of phosphorus (atomic #15) and why?

D. Nitrogen because nitrogen is right above phosphorus in the periodic table

Audra is looking at a diagram of an atom. Which particle(s) does she see in the nucleus?

D. Protons and neutrons

Students were studying a graph showing the phase changes of a substance. The graph is shown below. Which statement best describes the data shown?

D. S shows...

A student has two beakers, each containing 100 mL of water. He adds sodium chloride to the first beaker and stirs until no more will dissolve. He adds sodium nitrate to the second beaker and stirs until no more will dissolve. The amount of each substance that the student was able to dissolve is shown. Which statement about the experiment is the most accurate

D. Sodium nitrate is more soluble in water than is sodium chloride

What happens to the particles of a liquid when energy is removed from them?

D. The motion of the particles decreases and the distance between the particles decreases