Unit 2 History Test Klos
Why did the prospects of the Northwestern states become tied to those of the Northeastern states in the first half of the 19th century? WIZ A The Northwestern states supplied wheat which would be sent to mills in the Northeast. B The Northwestern states sent cattle and other meat products to the Northeast. C Northeastern states pushed for federal subsidies to large farms in the Northwest. D Federal troops underwent military campaigns to drive Native Americans from the Northwestern states.
Federal troops underwent military campaigns to drive Native Americans from the Northwestern states.
John Wesley Powell (Identify the historical significance) A Farmers ignored his favorable prognosis for agriculture in the West and stayed in the East. B In 1878 promoted that agriculture would be easy with extensive rain beyond the 100th meridian. C As he predicted, with the good weather and rain, Western Kansas doubled its population between 1888 and 1892. D Geologist and explorer of the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and later director of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Geologist and explorer of the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and later director of the U.S. Geological Survey.
The chart above supports which of the following conclusions regarding economic conditions in the United States during the last third of the nineteenth century? CB A Cheap foreign goods were the primary cause for the decline in prices. B Americans with relatively stable incomes found it increasingly difficult to make ends meet. C Wheat farming became more lucrative. D Many American farmers struggled financially. E Industrial workers refused to demand higher wages due to declining prices.
Many American farmers struggled financially.
Which of the following most accurately describes a group who acted on ideas such as those in the excerpt? A Business leaders planning to promote philanthropy. B Activists calling for preservation of the western wilderness. C Southern European immigrants seeking opportunity in urban areas. D Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching.
Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching.
Which of the following factors led to the decline of open range cattle ranging during the late 1800s? WIZ A Federal deregulation B Excessive prices C Overgrazing D Native American policy
Overgrazing
Which of the following was a cause of the Battle of Wounded Knee? A The Arapaho were forced on to a reservation. B The book A Century of Dishonor inspired sympathy for Native Americans. C The U.S. government was breaking up Cheyenne land. D Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho formed an alliance. E The Sioux refused to give up their practice of the "Ghost Dance."
The Sioux refused to give up their practice of the "Ghost Dance."
What can be inferred about Sioux battle culture by looking at the image? A Women fought alongside men. B The Sioux scalped their victims. C The Sioux used war paint to intimidate the enemy.
The Sioux used war paint to intimidate the enemy.
All of the following is true about the Battle of Little Bighorn except: A The battle marks Colonel George Custer's last victory against Native Americans. B It was also know as "Custer's Last Stand." C A combined force of 2,500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians faced off against U.S. soldiers. D More than 250 U.S. soldiers were killed. E The advantage gained by Native Americans after the battle did not last long.
The battle marks Colonel George Custer's last victory against Native Americans.
Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century? A The beginnings of negotiations with individual tribes B The start of a removal policy C The abandonment of the reservation system D The admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship E The division of the tribal lands among individual members
The division of the tribal lands among individual members
Which of the following developments helps to explain the change in agriculture depicted in the graph? A The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods. B The growth of an internal slave trade provided an enlarged workforce whose labor helped increase agricultural production. C Increased migration from the West for industrial jobs in eastern cities led to increased consumption of agricultural goods. D Farmers' cooperative organizations reduced consolidation in the agricultural markets in order to increase production
The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods.
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of manifest Destiny? The legislature granted the US the right to rule from coast to coast. The people gave the government the right to rule from coast to coast. The executive branch granted the US the right to rule from coast to coast. The rule of the US from coast to coast was just and an eventuality.
The rule of the US from coast to coast was just and an eventuality.
Besides the conflict referenced here by Chief Joseph, which of the following other factors was most directly damaging to Native Americans' way of life? The significant decline in the number of American bison The slow growth of the migrant population. The rise of boomtowns in the West. U.S. military enforcement of treaties.
The significant decline in the number of American bison
Where was the real "safety valve" provided by the late nineteenth century? A The populist political movements spreading from the Great Plains to California. B Alaska, the last frontier. C The mining industry. D The great length of the Missouri River. E Western cities like Denver and San Francisco.
Western cities like Denver and San Francisco.
The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with A the Pueblo Revolt B an American Indian victory at Little Bighorn C an infusion of Hispanic cultural traditions D the outbreak of King Philip's War E distress over loss of tribal autonomy
distress over loss of tribal autonomy
The myth of the Wild West and the American cowboy most closely arises from the A Turner theory of the frontier as a cultivator of independence. B settlement of the Great Plains through the Homestead Act. C era of long cattle drives from Texas to railroads further north. D heritage of Mexican vaqueros and ranching.
era of long cattle drives from Texas to railroads further north.
During the late nineteenth century, the reduction in price of American agricultural products led to A farmers experiencing greater profit. B more workers shifting to agricultural work. C farmers facing less of a debt burden. D less land being cultivated. E farmers being compelled to increase production.
farmers being compelled to increase production.
All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT CB A a drop in cattle prices at stockyards B excessively cold winters C federal recognition of American Indian land claims D production of crops for distant markets E overgrazing
federal recognition of American Indian land claims
In 1887, the Dawes Severalty Act was passed to force Native Americans to adopt Western culture and farming practices. move Native Americans onto western reservations. extend constitutional protections to Native American males. help Native Americans retain their cultures. compensate Native Americans for prior illegal land contracts.
force Native Americans to adopt Western culture and farming practices.
Americans moving west dealt the biggest blow to Native Americans on the Great Plains by WIZ A fencing off large tracts of land, previously used by Indians, for cattle ranching. B killing, almost to the point of extinction, the buffalo that Indian culture relied on. C spreading deforestation to build farms and homesteads, endangering native species. D confiscating the horses brought by the Spanish that enabled tribes' nomadic lifestyle.
killing, almost to the point of extinction, the buffalo that Indian culture relied on.
The Western frontier in the mid 19th century offered WIZ A little opportunity for wealth. B no opportunity for cattle ranching. C opposition from Native Americans. D little chance for social advancement.
opposition from Native Americans.
During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT A high storage costs B high freight rates C large middleman profits D rising commodity prices
rising commodity prices
Many American Indians of the 1890s responded to policies such as those of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School by A creating new political organizations B migrating to unsettled territories C engaging in large-scale armed resistance D seeking to preserve their cultural and tribal identities
seeking to preserve their cultural and tribal identities
In its report for 1890, the United States Census Bureau indicated that A industrialization was closing the gap in wealth between rich and poor. B Boston was the second largest city in the United States. C the United States had more Catholics than Protestants. D infant mortality was no longer a serious problem. E the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas.
the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas.
According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was CB A the Civil War. B the frontier. C the American Revolution. D transcendentalism. E Puritan theology.
the frontier.
The Comstock Lode is most notable in American history as A the producer of more than $300 million in gold and silver B the first major gold strike and impetus for the mining frontier C responsible for Idaho being granted early statehood D worked by, and creating a community for, new immigrant groups
the producer of more than $300 million in gold and silver
100th Meridian (Identify the historical significance) A The longitudinal line dividing Arizona and California. B A geographical, north-south line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "West" began. C The latitudinal line dividing the United States and Canada. D A geographical, east-west line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "North" began.
A geographical, north-south line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "West" began.
What frontier towns were at the end of cattle trails from Texas? A Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado B Abilene, Kansas; Sedalia, Missouri; and Cheyenne, Wyoming C Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana D Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming E Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming
Abilene, Kansas; Sedalia, Missouri; and Cheyenne, Wyoming
Mining Industry (Identify the historical significance) A These metals were not essential to U.S. industrial growth and were never sold into world markets. B After surface metals were removed, people sought ways to extract ore from under the ground, leading to the development of the panning technique. C After gold and silver strikes in Colorado, Nevada, and other western territories in the second half of the nineteenth century, fortune seekers by the thousands rushed to the west to dig. D All choices are correct.
After gold and silver strikes in Colorado, Nevada, and other western territories in the second half of the nineteenth century, fortune seekers by the thousands rushed to the west to dig.
Battle of Wounded Knee (Identify the historical significance) A Tensions erupted violently over two major issues, one of which was the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which the U.S. government had outlawed. B A battle between the U.S Army and Dakota Sioux, in which two hundred Native Americans and twenty-nine U.S. Soldiers died. C Tensions erupted violently over two major issues, one of which was the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act. D All choices are correct.
All choices are correct.
borderlands (Identify the historical significance) A Places where two or more nations or societies border each other, and where power is dispersed among competing actors, resulting in fluid social relations, hybrid cultures, and the absence of firmly agreed sovereignty. B Examples of borderlands could include the vast territory from Texas to California where Hispanic and Anglophone cultures have intermingled for centuries. C During the colonial era in North America, borderlands were often places where European empires and Native American societies engage with each other, including the Great Lakes and Missouri Valley Regions. D All choices are correct.
All choices are correct.
The mining frontier played a vital role in which of the following? A Attracting the first substantial white population to the West. B Ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. C Enabling the government to go off the gold standard. D Reducing the bitter conflict between the Indians and whites in the West. E Bringing law and order to the West.
Attracting the first substantial white population to the West.
Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? CB A Most American Indians were relocated to the west of the Mississippi. B American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars. C American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land. D American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. E It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians.
American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land.
Dawes Severalty Act A An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to white settlers from the east. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "imprison" Native Americans. B An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native Americans. C An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "educate" Native Americans. D An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to the railroad industry. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native Americans.
An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native Americans.
Which of these was not a factor that led to the Battle of the Little Bighorn? An attack led by Crazy Horse on a US military base. A failed attempt by the US to purchase the Black Hills. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills belonging to the Sioux. Hunting forays by Lakota Sioux into land outside their reservation.
An attack led by Crazy Horse on a US military base.
What does this image suggest about who won the battle? A The Sioux decimated U.S. forces. B The U.S. Cavalry won a decisive victory against the odds. C The battle was a draw.
The Sioux decimated U.S. forces.
In 1882, as mining towns grew in the West, Congress passed an exclusion act against immigrants from A China B Ireland C Eastern Europe D Mexico
China
Which of the following was the most significant source of the conflict described in this excerpt? A The growth of industry. B Competition for land and resources. C Nativism. D The rise of segregation.
Competition for land and resources.
The fulfillment of advice such as that in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following in the late nineteenth century? A The economic decline and depopulation of eastern cities. B Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians. C The outbreak of war with Mexico over control of territory. D Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe.
Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians.
Which one of the following factors played the largest role in increasing the settlement of the Great Plains? A Increase in price of agricultural goods. B Construction of railroads. C Extended period of economic inflation. D Increase in foreign demand for agricultural foods. E Removal of the Great Plains Indians.
Construction of railroads.
Based on the map, which of the following statements is true? A Wheat was only grown along the coast. B Most of the country's corn was produced in the South. C Dairy was a major product of the Northeast.
Dairy was a major product of the Northeast.
What steps did farmers take to adapt to ecological conditions west of 100th meridian line depicted on this map? A Dry farming, new strains of plants, and irrigation. B Dry farming, new strains of plants, and drainage. C Heavy irrigation and conventional agriculture practices. D They totally abandoned any agricultural practices.
Dry farming, new strains of plants, and irrigation.
African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as A Exodusters B Jayhawkers C Scalawags D The Colored Farmer's National Alliance E Homesteaders
Exodusters
Why is the closing of the frontier dated to 1890? A In that year, land was set aside for Yosemite National Park. B In that year, the secretary of war had prophesied that five hundred years would be needed to fill the West. C In that year, the census bureau declared that there was no longer a discernible line of advancing pioneer settlement. D Unsettled areas still remained, which were closed off to American settlement. E The secretary of the interior forbade settlement past the 100th meridian.
In that year, the census bureau declared that there was no longer a discernible line of advancing pioneer settlement.
Which of the following describes the Homestead Act? A It was taken advantage of by only about ten thousand families. B It proved highly successful in the arid West once appropriate irrigation techniques were discovered. C It allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land (a quarter-section) by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30. D It changed the way land was distributed. Before the act, public land had been given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces; now it was sold primarily for revenue.
It allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land (a quarter-section) by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30.
Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? It led directly to the Battle of Wounded Knee. It created American Indian reservations for the first time. It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. It indicated that the federal government had abandoned the goal of American Indian assimilation.
It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals.
Which of the following statements was not true of the 1862 Homestead Act? A Farmers were given ownership of land after living on it for five years. B To claim land, farmers had to build a dwelling and cultivate the land. C It provided a system for the federal government to provide land directly to settlers. D Land speculators were effectively kept from abusing the act. E It made land available to citizens and to immigrants who planned to become citizens.
Land speculators were effectively kept from abusing the act.
Which of the following contributed most to the process described in the excerpt? A Increased immigration from eastern Europe. B The industrialization of urban areas in the Northeast. C The building of new roads and canals D Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land.
Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land.
Peace Policy (Identify the historical significance) A The policy failed and was terminated in 1891. B Refers to President Ulysses Grant's failed attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations. C None of the choices are correct. D Refers to President Ulysses Grant's successful attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations.
Refers to President Ulysses Grant's failed attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Native Americans and Western settlers in the late 1800s? A Settlers generally respected Native American culture and allowed their reservations autonomy. B Settlers and Native Americans fought over land, and military actions exacerbated tensions. C Settlers originally mistreated Native Americans but came to assimilate parts of their culture. D Settlers and Native Americans coexisted peacefully but rarely encountered each other
Settlers and Native Americans fought over land, and military actions exacerbated tensions.
What ended the reservation system? A The Dawes Severalty Act. B The war between the Sioux and the U.S. Army. C The Battle of Little Bighorn. D The Battle of Wounded Knee. E The alliance of several Native American groups.
The Dawes Severalty Act.
What is a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the image about the military strategy employed by the Sioux? A The Sioux counted on the element of surprise. B The Sioux used the terrain to their advantage. C The U.S. forces were outnumbered by the Sioux.
The Sioux counted on the element of surprise.
Reservation System A The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. B The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act in 1887. C Land on these reservations was individually owned. D The United States government was always kind and understanding to those Native Americans who did not comply.
The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934.
Why did the U.S. government set aside lands for national parks? A To save land parcels for future settlers. B To preserve land in the West. C To encourage westward migration. D To ensure there would always be land for farming. E To create future Native American reservations.
To preserve land in the West.
Railways played a role in the development of the agricultural west in the late-nineteenth-century by doing all the following EXCEPT: A Selling land to Americans and European immigrants. B Transporting natural resources like timber to the region C Making it easier to get crops from the region to market.
Transporting natural resources like timber to the region
What did the events that took place between Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce and the federal government illustrate about U.S. - Native American relations in the late nineteenth century? The government became more active in protecting traditional Native American lands. Native Americans became more willing to accept the reservation system. Native Americans were willing to abandon traditional practices for sedentary agriculture. New farming innovations decreased the need for encroachment onto Native American lands. Violent conflicts continued to be waged between the Native Americans and the government.
Violent conflicts continued to be waged between the Native Americans and the government.
The settlement pattern described in the excerpt was most similar to earlier settlement patterns in that it was A accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership B discouraged by the federal government through legislation C motivated largely by the desire to expand Protestant Christianity D the source of political divisions over the expansion of slavery
accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by A a decline in the number of tenant farmers. B a decline in foreclosures on midwestern farms. C a decline in the number of farm cooperatives. D an increase in wholesale prices for farm products. E an increase in acres under cultivation.
an increase in acres under cultivation.
From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to A preserve native languages and customs. B assimilate them into White culture. C relocate all tribes to Oklahoma. D strengthen tribal authority. E encourage migration to Canada.
assimilate them into White culture.
From the 1880's to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United States government sought to A break up tribal landholdings. B encourage American Indian emigration to Canada. C encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions. D relocate all American Indians to the Oklahoma territory. E strengthen traditional tribal authority.
break up tribal landholdings.
Ultimately, the United States would not take the advice of Chief Joseph, but instead would A work to enforce existing treaties with the Native Americans. B confine American Indians to reservations and promoting assimilation. C work to encourage Indian cultural autonomy. D use government subsidies to support Indian development of the West.
confine American Indians to reservations and promoting assimilation.
