Unit 2 Part 1 Test

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery? A. Computerized axial tomography B. Stereotaxic examination C. Retrograde degeneration D. Biofeedback E. Ablation

A - Computerized axial tomography

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called A. Electroencephalography (EEG) B. Computed tomography (CT) C. Positron-emission tomography (PET) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A - Electroencephalography (EEG)

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the A. Hippocampus B. Hypothalamus C. Medulla D. Reticular formation E. Cerebellum

A - Hippocampus

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environment stimulus? A. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors B. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors C. Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, effect neurons D. Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons E. Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

A - Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by a. afferent neurons b. Schwann cells c. T cells d. reading comprehension e. large comprehension

A - afferent neurons

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? A. Dopamine B. Acetylcholine C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. Serotonin E. Norepinephrine

B - Acetylcholine

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the A.Pancreas B. Hypothalamus C. Adrenal glands D. Pineal gland E. Thyroid

B - Hypothalamus

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the A. Right cerebral hemisphere B. Left cerebral hemisphere C. Occipital lobe D. Corpus callosum E. Cerebellum

B - Left cerebral hemisphere

An image projected to the left visual field of a slit-brained person will be processed in the A. Left visual cortex B. Right visual cortex C. Right side of the left retina D. Left side of the right retina E. Sensory cortex

B - Right visual cortex

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow? A. Memory formation B. Sleeping, waking, and dreaming C. Problem solving D. Regulation of body temperature E. Emotional responses

B - Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion? A. The amygdala B. The hippocampus C. Wernicke's area D. The thalamus E. the pons

B - The hippocampus

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a A. Speech deficit B. Visual Deficit C. Motor deficit D. Hearing loss E. Slower heart rate

B - Visual Deficit

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Wernickle's area C. Auditory cortex D. Parietal lobe E. Basal ganglia

B - Wernickle's area

Juana accidentally touch a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand? a. it was initiated in the motor cortex b. it was initiated in the spinal cord c. it was a voluntary behavior d. it was due to instructions from the brain e. it was an operantly conditioned response

B - it was initiated in the spinal cord

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures? A. Dendrites B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Axon terminals D. Mitochondria E. Glial cells

C - Axon terminals

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken? A. Hypothalamus B. Frontal lobe C. Reticular formation D. Amygdala E. Thalamus

C - Reticular formation

Dr Frishkoff is studying how participants' brain activity changes when they read sentences in which the last word is either expected ("The pizza was too hot to eat") or unexpected ("The pizza was too hot to cry"). While participants are reading, Dr. Frishkoff measures their brain activity. The results of her experiment are shown below. Dr. Frinshkoff could accurately describe the results of her study by saying that participants A. Showed increased blood flow to the brain in response to the unexpected word B. Showed longer reaction times to sentences in which of the last word was unexpected than to sentences in which the last word was expected C. Showed a negative-going peak in brain wave activity approximately 400 milliseconds after the unexpected word was presented that the participants did not show in response to the expected word D. Showed a positive-going peak in brain wave activity approximately 400 milliseconds after the unexpected word was presented that the participants did not show in response to the expected word E. Showed an increase in brain activity approximately 400 milliseconds after seeing the unexpected word that the participants did not show in response to seeing the expected word

C - Showed a negative-going peak in brain wave activity approximately 400 milliseconds after the unexpected word was presented that the participants did not show in response to the expected word

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain? A. Speech B. Writing C. Spatial reasoning D. Reading comprehension E. Language comprehension

C - Spatial reasoning

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems? A. Aphasia B. Increased aggression C. A loss of vision D. A loss of motor coordination E. A change in personality

D - A loss of motor coordination

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following? A. Calmness B. A coma C. Memory loss D. Aggression E. Sleep

D - Aggression

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in A. Driving a car B. Reading a textbook C. Sensing painful stimuli D. Digesting food E. Experiencing pain

D - Digesting food

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around the curve, he noticed a bear walking towards him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heat accelerated. These changes are most clearly related to the function of the A. Angular gyrus B. Hippocampus C. Parasympathetic nervous system D. Sympathetic nervous system E. Ventricular system

D - Sympathetic nervous system

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as A. The action potential B. The threshold difference C. Specific energy of the nerve D. The absolute refractory phase E. Depolarization

D - The absolute refractory phase

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain? a. left occipital lobe b. left parietal lobe c. right frontal lobe d. right parietal lobe e. right occipital lobe

D - right parietal lobe

The area of the brain stem that is important is controlling breathing is the A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus B. Cerebellum C. Limbic system D. Medulla E. Hippocampus

D- Medulla

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following? A. An increase in pupil dilation B. An increase in respiratory rate C. A decrease in digestion D. A decrease in salivation E. A decrease in heart rate

E - A decrease in heart rate

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear? A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus E. Amygdala

E - Amygdala

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? A. Forgetfulness B. Hearing difficulties C. Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D. Difficulty controlling emotions E. Difficulty with speech production

E - Difficulty with speech production

Brain lateralization refers to the A. Ability of the brain to process multi sensory information B. Capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements C. Aptitude of the brain to produce speech D. Ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation E. Inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

E - Inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all A. Hormones excreted by the endocrine glands B. Secretions of the exocrine glands C. Drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders D. Enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals E. Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neuron signal across a synapse

E - Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neuron signal across a synapse

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is A. Noam Chomsky B. Wilhelm Wundt C. Edward Thorndike D. Carl Wernickle E. Paul Broca

E - Paul Broca

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow? A. Cerebellum B. Amygdala C. Hypothalamus D. Hippocampus E. Pons

E - Pons

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? A. Computerized tomography (CT) B. Electrooculography (EOG) C. Electroencephalography (EEG) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Positron emission tomography (PET)

E - Positron emission tomography (PET)

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise a. reduces her level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) b. reduces her level of acetylcholine c. reduces her level of glutamate d. increase her level of teratogens e. increases her level of endorphins

E - increases her level of endorphins

The diagram above depicts the human body's A. Immune system B. Somatic nervous system C. Parasympathetic nervous system D. Sympathetic nervous system E. Endocrine system

E- Endocrine system