unit 2 soc
Absolute poverty
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _______________
transsexual
A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered
Wealth, power, income, race, education
A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by:
Functional
A perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.
Conflict Theory
A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a perspective to understand the global economy.
want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis
A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:
Subculture of aging theory
A symbolic interactionist may choose to study senior centers, and other groups of elderly people. Which theory might they find most useful for their study?
despair
According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome?
abstinence plus sexual safety
According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?
Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries?
all of the time in everything we do
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":
ageism
Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of:
medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt
America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except:
Factories using child labor
An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is:
disengagement
An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops I seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the theory.
activity
An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the theory.
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:
The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
Biological determinism is:
exogamous
Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June I wedding. They will have a(n)__________ marriage
Intragenerational mobility
Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. Compared to her parents, Charlotte's story demonstrates what type of social stratification?
transgender
Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is:
We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.
Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even > though, living in the 21 st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor?
a contested illness
Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of
conservative
Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered.
get rich while workers stay poor
Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:
high income nations
Core nations are also known as
universal healthcare
Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:
core nations exploit peripheral nations
Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:
Socialized medicine
Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's health care system. This is an example of.
A meritocracy
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:
thantology
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's book On Death and Dying added much content knowledge to which field?
The study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases
Epidemiology is:
Subjective poverty
Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing:
the typical sequence of events in their lives
For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is.
core
France might be classified as which kind of nation?
The standard of living in a country.
GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure:
socialized medicine
Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of
Conspicuous consumption
Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called:
Differently: elderly widows often do not remarry while elderly widowers do.
How do elderly widows and widowers react to death of their significant other?
Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.
How is global stratification different from social stratification?
Dependency theorist
If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:
Modernization theory
If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using theory to study the global economy.
caregiver
If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by_
core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation
Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms?
Symbolic Interactionism
In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most ' interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?
Downward mobility
In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they I quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of ________________
Overcoming despair to achieve integrity
In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?
debt slavery
In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:
live a few years longer
In most countries, elderly women than elderly men.
conflict theory
In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm?
Medicalization of deviance
In recent years, a great compulsion to engage in frequent and risky sexual behaviors was deemed sexual addiction. This is an example of:
continued to gradually rise
In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have
middle class
In the United States, most people define themselves as:
Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.
In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this?
Capital flight
In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:
sweden
In which country is sex education required in public schools?
endogamous
It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) marriage.
socialization
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:
obesity
Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to
underground economy
Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the 1 IRS. Maria is a part of the
absolute
Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in poverty.
How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Medical sociology is the systematic study of:
Relative poverty
Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:
a caste system
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:
Increase the age at which someone can start collecting Social Security.
No one in the United States can watch the news without hearing about the struggle over Social Security. Which approach has been used in the past to avoid the V program's collapse?
High income
Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries?
Not equally valued
Occupational prestige means that jobs are:
that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize
its inherent ethnocentric bias
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize
Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures.
One main issue in studying global social inequality is:
sexism
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks • for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing:
in early adolescence
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation
Conflict theory
Shane believes that the commodification of health has created a large number of problems within the United States. From which sociological perspective does this V come from?
both b and c: b.accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act c.forms of accessibility for people with disabilities
Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of
Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined : having control only over one's own life.
Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class?
chattel slavery
Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled
ranks society members into categories
Social stratification is a system that:
a person's capacity for sexual feelings
Sociologists associate sexuality with
The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.
Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean?
Modernization theory
Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe?
large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes
Structural mobility occurs when:
110
Supercentenarians are people who are and older.
Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.
Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that
Under insurance
Taylor works as a legal assistant. His insurance doesn't cover treatment for depression, and he spends 15% of his income each month to receive care. This is an example of
death and dying
Thanatology is the study of_
the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old
The "graying of the United States" refers to
age stratification
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory?
the average annual income of a country's citizens
The GNI PPP figure represents:
core nations countries
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by:
the social construction of health
The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of
Public and private insurance coverage
The United States healthcare system consists of:
serves a purpose in society
The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:
class traits
The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:
conflict
The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the perspective.
sex ratio
The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is.
Medicialization
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called:
demedicalization
The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of.
When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.
The term doing gender can be defined as:
gender role
The term refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.
A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.
The term sexual orientation can be defined as:
A person's capacity for sexual feelings.
The term sexuality is defined by the text as:
gender
The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's
Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region
The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are:
the madrid plan
The world population is growing and aging. In an effort to collectively deal with some of the challenges facing the elderly, several countries gathered at a summit. V Which plan was the result of this summit?
functionalism
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?
increasing
Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is
true
True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
sweden
What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?
Anxiety disorders
What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States?
depression
What causes some caretakers to abuse their elderly charges?
Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?
People cannot change their social standings.
What factor makes caste systems closed?
They allow for movement between the classes
What factor makes class systems open?
the world health organization
What group created the Millennium Development Goals?
It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.
What is a dependency ratio?
clean water access
What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries?
It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.
What is particularly unique about the United States middle class?
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
What is social epidemiology?
A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.
What is the Kinsey Scale?
37
What is the approximate median age of the United States?
As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.
What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory?
Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being eith masculine or feminine.
What is the difference between sex and gender?
family
What is the first agent of socialization?
The decline of middle class
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States?
industrialization
What is the primary driver of modernization theory?
To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.
What is the purpose of queer theory?
How much education you have
What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?
Talcott Parsons
What sociologist pioneered the concept of "The Sick Role"?
A double standard
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:
do not feel connected to their work
When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:
homophobia
When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:
cultural meaning of illness
When a number of young, gay men in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles began dying of a mysterious disease in the early 1980's, the public began referring to the disease as "the gay cancer," stigmatizing the disease for doctors and patients. This is an example of:
Functionalism
Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate?
Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethiocentric.
Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist?
a college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.
Which statement illustrates low status consistency?
After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of.
Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche?
functionalism
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?
Washington state, Oregon, and Montana
Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide?
More women live in poverty than men
Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?
secondary aging
While visiting your dad at his nursing home, you see an elderly lady sitting at the table with a full tray of food in front of her. She is in a wheel chair and seems depressed. You conclude that she is experiencing:
society
Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief?
Karl Marx
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?
1/3
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?
Northern Africa
Women's employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent in all of the following except:
85
Your grandmother is still very active and loves to get her friends together for bridge on Friday. They always talk about all those old-old people down at the senior center who like to play bingo. About how old are the old-old senior citizens to whom they are referring?
a condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with
gender dysphoria is
false
true or false: Only women are affected by gender stratification.
denied the opportunity to obtain
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were
symbolic interactionalist
Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society?
commit suicide
Veterans are two to four times more likely to_ in the military.
middle class
Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?
gerontocracy
When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n):
conflict theory
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeffs views?
young-old
When your mother-in-law fell and broke her hip at age 72, you were concerned because she is still
Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old
Which action reflects ageism?
Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles.
Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective?
africa
Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world?
asia
Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?
all of the above: income, employment, class
Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living?
Being frail to the point of dependency on care
Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?
Pyramid
Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?
The industrial revolution
Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?
Having their medical ailments trivialized by doctors.
Which is a social issue that many elderly females discover they are victims of?
lack of education
Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?
Gross national income per capita
Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation?
The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
Which of the following best defines the concept of 'The Sick Role"?
A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?
HIV spreading across the United States at a rapid rate in the 1980's
Which of the following is NOT a result of the commodification of health care?
Elderly people lose appetite and drive for sex
Which of the following is NOT true about old age?
Marlies Dr. diagnosing him with bronchitis
Which of the following is an example of legitimation?
The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better.
Which of the following is not part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?
Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?
Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?
Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites.
Which of the following statements is not true?
decrease obesity
Which of the following was not among the United Nations eight Millennium Development Goals set in 2000?
The high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in New Mexico
Which of the following would a social epidemiologist be likely to study:
Class
Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?
first generation college student
Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?
b.The United States' Veterans Health Administration
Which program is an example of socialized medicine?
medicare
Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old?
