Unit 2 - What is Health and Wellness? (Definitions and Components of Health and Wellness Readings)
Who pioneered the contemporary wellness movement in the mid 1970s
Dr. John Travis
Wellness is NOT
- the same as physical fitness -is what you are, not what you do - wellness if not a form of alternative medicine
Important characteristics of our proposed uniform definition of wellness
- wellness is multidimensional - wellness is a state of being described as positive health - wellness is a part of health - wellness is possessed by the individual - quality of life and well-being are the descriptors of wellness health and its positive component (wellness) are integrated
There is a complex relationship between
-physical activity -physical fitness -health and wellness -heredity -other lifestyles -environment -personal attributes
The Healthy People Report in 1979 showed that life expectancy and health are significantly related to ten distinctive health habits, which are:
1. eating three meals a day at regular intervals 2. eating breakfast every day 3. engaging in moderate exercise 2-3/week 4. getting adequate sleep (7-8 hours) every night 5. not smoking 6. maintaining moderate weight 7. consuming little or no alcohol 8. reducing intake of excess calories, fat, salt, and sugar 9. undergoing periodic screenings for major disorders 10. adhering to speed laws and using seat belts
three classification areas related to wellness
1. functional ability (physical, mental and functional activities) 2. well-being (including bdily well-being, emotional well-being, self concept and global perceptions of well being 3. health life years
three broad goals are identified in Healthy people 2000
1. increase the span of healthy life for americans 2. reduce health disparities among americans 3/ achieve access to preventative services for all americans
five areas for the assessment of health and wellbeing
1. mortality measures 2. morbidity measures 3. prevalence of risk factors 4. use of medical care 5. disability measures
why is it important to develop of a commonly acceptable definition of wellness?
1. wellness is a widely used term by both professionals and the public 2. wellness is defined in many different ways by many different people 3. lack of common definition causes confusion among consumers and professionals 4. lack of clear definition makes it all but impossible to develop a sound body of scientific knowledge related to wellness 5. the lack of a sound body of knowledge can result in quackery and misinformation
medical self care accounts for how much of all medical care
85-95%
flexibility defined
relates to the range of motion available at a joint
there are many different type of speed
running speed, swimming speed, speed of hand or foot movements
measures of health and wellness
self-rated health, a healthy days index and an activity days indicators of health and wellness
field tests for flexibility
sit and reach, the zipper
some consider power to be a combination of
skill and health related physical fitness
power is considered to be a combination of
speed and strength
products
states of being such as physical fitness, health and wellness
examples of motor skills
tennis serve, shooting a basketball killing a football
Though there are many, highly specific tests for measuring speed.... in athletes what is commonly used?
the 40 yard dash
emotional management means
the ability to control or cope with personal feelings and knowing how to seek interpersonal support
social dimension
the ability to get along with others, as well as appreciating the differences in people concern for the environment and for mankind as a whole
traditionally health has been viewed as
the lack of disease
What measures are used for morphological fitness?
the same as body composition (using such measures as - underwater weighing - skinfold calipers)
health promotion is
the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health
health promotion involves
the systematic efforts by an organization to create healthy policies and supportive environments, as well as reorienting health services beyond clinical and curative care
what is currently used as a field measure for bone integrity
there are currently no field measures
Health related quality of life
those aspects that can clearly be shown to affect mental or physical health.
Skill-related physical fitness
those components of fitness that have a relationship with enhanced performance in sports and moto skills
emotional dimension of wellness - three areas
three areas: awareness, acceptance and management
emotional acceptance means
understanding the normality of human emotion, and realistically assessing your own personal abilities and limitiations
how is agility typically measured?
using a shuffle or zig zag run
how is body composition measured
using such measures as - underwater weighing - skinfold calipes
Some experts feel that other abilities such as ___ should be included in skill related physical fitness
visual tracking
Definition of wellness presented by the writing
wellness is a multidimensional state of being describing the existence of positive health in an individual as exemplified by quality of life and a sense of well-being.
Balance is generally considered to be two types
Static or dynamic
what is the best measure of cardiovascular fitness
a Ma V-O2 test in the laboratory setting
Balance is typically measured using
a balance beam or tests that require holding a stationary posture after changing body positions
Body composition
a health related component of physical fitness that elated to the relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone and other vital parts of the body
motor skills
a non fitness abilities that improve with practice (learning) and relate to ones ability to perform specific sports and other motor tasks
Morphological fitness
a nonperformance component of fitness related to body composition factors such as body circumferences, body fat content and regional body fat distribution
Bone integrity (bone strength)
a nonperformance component of fitness related to bone mineral density
Physical fitness defintion
a set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity
Agility
a skill related component of fitness relates to the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy
speed
a skill related component of physical fitness that relates to the ability to perform a movement within a short period of type
power
a skill related component of physical fitness that relates to the ability to the rate at which one can perform work
Coordination is
a skill related component of physical fitness that relates to the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with your body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately
Balance
a skill related component of physical fitness that relates to the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving
reaction time
a skill related component of physical fitness that relates to the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it
exercise is
a specific form of physical activity dedicated to improving physical fitness
Health
a state of being associated with freedom from disease and illness that also includes a positive component (wellness) that is associated with a quality of life and positive well being
physical fitness is (alternative definition)
a state of well being with low risk of premature health problems and energy to participate in a variety of physical activities
Spiritual dimension of wellness
involves the development of the inner self and ones soul a way of living which views life as purposeful and pleasurable and seeks out life-sustaining and life enriching options.
intellectual dimension of wellness and examples
involves the use of your mind -maintaining an active mind, continuous acquisition of knowledge, creativity and mentally stimulating activities, curiosity and learning
Wellness - according to the definitions paper
is a state of being describing a state of positive health in the individual and comprising biological and psychological well being as exemplified by quality of life and a sense of well being
muscular endurance can be measured
isometrically (static contractions) or isotonically (dynamic contractions)
exercise (training)
leisure time physical activity conducted with the intention of developing physical fitness
Coordination is assess by
measuring hand-eye or foot-eye coordination such as juggling, dribbling a ball or hitting an object
field tests for cardiovascular fitness
mile run, 12 minute run, 1 mile run, mile walk
Physiological fitness includes
non performance components of physical fitness that relate to biological systems that are influenced by one's level of habitual physical activity
body composition is the only ________ among the health related physical fitness components
non-performance measure
smoking is responsible for how many deaths per year in the US
one in six deaths/ year 21% of heart disease deaths 87% of lung cancer deaths 30% of all cancer deaths are linked to smoking
what is the Framingham study
one ongoing study - that has resulted in much that is known regarding how heredity, environment, medical care and lifestyle factors affect heart disease and general well being - the people of framingham, mass. have been studied and charted since 1950
Possession of skill related fitness abilities enhances ability to perform in sports and games, however it
only has an indirect connection with health
products are commonly referred to as
outcomes
6 dimensions of wellness
physical intellectual emotional social spiritual occupational there is strong interdependence between them, even though they function separately
it is now clear that _____ may improve metabolic fitness
physical activity
leisure activity
physical activity undertaken during discretionary time
Examples of processes
physical activity, exercise, sports, dance
what are some of the 22 priority areas of Healthy people 2000
physical activity, nutrition, tobacco use, family planning, cancer, alcohol and drug use, STDs, and heart disease
motor skills are not considered part of _____ _______ however they are .....
physical fitness, .... related to successful performance in physical activity
emotional awareness involves
recognizing your own feelings as well as the feelings of others
individual quality of life
related to specific people or individuals
cardiovascular fitness defined
related to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity
Strength
relates to the ability of the muscle to exert force
Muscular endurance
relates to the muscles ability to continue to perform without fatigue
processes are frequently used as
independent measures for research
the Wellness Self Perception test was split up into which categories?
emotional wellness intellectual wellness physical wellness social wellness spiritual wellness
The first international consensus considered physical activity as a umbrella term that has multiple dimensions such as
exercise sport leisure activities dance others
non health related quality of life includes
facts such as happiness and life satisfaction
examples of health realted quality of life
functional status and well being
Like speed, reaction time is considered to be a component of fitness that is
greatly influenced by heredity
community quality of life
groups of people or communities
Two types of global quality of life
health related quality of life quality of life (not health related)
How is flexibility measured
in the lab using devices such as goniometer, flexometer
components of health related fitness
body composition, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance, and strength
examples of emotional dimension of wellness
ability to maintain emotional stability, ability to laugh, enjoy life and adjust to change, cope with stress and maintain intimate relationships
what are the components commonly defined as skill-related physical fitness
agility, balance, coordination, power, speed and reaction time
medical self care includes
all actions taken by an individual with respect to a medical probem
wellness is defined in the course reading pack as
an integrated and dynamic level of functioning oriented toward maximizing potential, dependent upon self-responsibility
processes referes to
behaviours or lifestyles
Metabolic fitness includes such sub components as
blood sugar levels, blood lipid levels and blood hormone levels
Physical activity defined
bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle and that substantially increase energy expenditure
cardiovascular fitness is also referred to as
cardiovascular endurance, aerobic fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness
hypo kinetic diseases or conditions
conditions related to inactivity or low levels of habitual activity
Quality of life
connotes an overall sense of well being
Health related physical fitness
consists of those components of physical fitness that have a relationship with good health
more than half of all deaths in the US are attributed to
coronary heart disease and stroke
physical dimension of wellness and examples
deals with the functional operation of the body, involves health related components of physical fitness - dietary habits have significant effect on physical wellbeing -sexual,, drinking and drug behaviour play a role, as well as medical self care and managing your environment
products are frequently used as
dependent measures for research
occupational wellness involves
deriving personal satisfaction from your vocation maintaining a satisfying balance between work time and leisure time
