Unit 2: World War II
Dunkirk
Who won: German, best batttle Goals: defeat France Outcomes: end of France, 6 day evacuation of British
Pearl harbor
Who won: Japan Goals: cripple the US navy Outcomes: u.s declared war on Japan, Germany/Mussolini declares war 3 days later (tripartite pact) they also,don't cripple our navy
Battle of britain
Who won: RAF British Goals: gain control of skies by destroying RAF Outcomes: hitler called off invasion, uses radar
Stalingrad
Who won: Russia Goal: goal was to destroy Soviet Union of all cost Outcome: turning point in war, confident booster
North Africa
Who won: allies Goal: Suaz canal resources Outcomes: used Na invade Sicily and Italy
What famous statement did Roosevelt make in a radio address after the attack in Pearl Harbor?
A date which will line in infamy
What were the advantages that the allies gained with the invasion of Italy?
1. 2nd front weakens Germany on eastern front 2. Gained bombing bases, bomb southern germany
Axis powers
1. Germany 2. Italy 3. Japan
What were 5 results of the Yalta conference and who attended?
1. Germany to be disarmed and divided into 4 zones or occupation as well as the capital of Berlin 2. Creation of the United Nations 3. Soviets give territory along borders 4. Soviets pledge to hold free elections in Eastern Europe 5. War crime trials to be held after war
Allied Powers
1. Great Britian 2. United States 3. Soviet Union 4. China 5. 23 other countries
What were the three reasons that Japan invaded islands all over the pacific?
1. Natural resources and supplies 2. Military Bases and airbases 3. Human labor
What were the two important parts of the pact?
1. Sep 1: hitler invades Poland 2. Sep 3: great Britian and France declared war on Germany
Hideki Tojo
40th prime minister of Japan during WW11
Describe "phony war"
A break between major war --> mass child evacuation
Identify Kamikaze
A specially trained group of bombing pilots who volunteered to drive their planes into allied Naval ships
What was admiral Nimitz three part strategy that he planned to use in the pacific?
Air, land, naval forces would attack Japanese held islands
Describe the formal surrender of Japan.
Allies held the Tokyo war crime trials, Hirohito surrendered but requested that he not be tried for crimes
What happened when the Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1942?
Americans and Filipinos who surrender we forced to march 65 miles to Japanese prison camps
Harry s Truman
Becomes president of the United States
What did the lend-lease act state?
Britain needs the equipment, providing US military aid to foreign countries during WW2.
What was scored earth policy?
Burn the weapons -> burning things to disadvantage opponent
What was the purpose of island hopping?
Bypass islands with little stategic value saved lives and isolated Japanese defenders. New islands used as air bases
Explain how the environment was a disadvantage for the German army in the Soviet Union?
Cold weather and harsh winters
Douglas MacArthur (pacific)
Commanding general of the Philippines before the war. Supreme allied commanders for land invasions
Discuss the role of minorities in the war. Did discrimination continue to exist?
Discrimination occurred to blacks, Jews, and Japanese. Some fought in the war to prove their loyalty, segregated from community
What was the purpose of the Postdam Conference
Gave an ultimatum to Japan - unconditional surrender or face total destruction. Japan refused surrende
Define Africa korps
German force in Africa during the North African campaign
Adolf Hitler
German politician, leader of the nazi party, chancellor of Germany 1933-1945
What were the two air forces that faced off in the battle of Britain?
German: Luftwaffe and Britain: Royal Airforce
Erwin Rommel
Germans most popular general. Implicated in a plot to overthrow hitler. Rommel took his life in 1944
What two countries signed the nonaggression pact?
Germany and the Soviet Union
What happened to Mussolini and hitler at the end of the war?
Hitler committed suicide
What was the purpose of the Atlantic charter?
Joint declaration between Churchill and Roosevelt restoration of self government, better economical
Benito Mussolini
Leader of fascist party 1922-1940 ruler as prime minister
What was the outcome of the nonaggression pact?
Leads to war
George s Patton
Led the 3rd army in a very successful sweep across France during ww2. Killed at tank warfare
Bernard Montgomery
Led the British eight army in North Africa during WW2. Oversaw participation during the D-Day
Describe germanys blitzkrieg tactic
Lightening warfare --> the act of attacking by plane (surprise attacks)
What was the Vichy government and who was the leader?
Located in southern France, leader Henry Petain, French Nazis
Who was Robert Oppenheimer?
Man placed in charge of committee of scientists who developed an atomic bomb.
Chester Nimitz (Pacific navy)
Navy general created the three prong strategy
What was the official name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union?
Operation Barbarossa
War production board
Oversaw conversion of peace time to wartime production. Raw materials allocated to key industries, organized scrap drives
Office of scientific research and development
Oversaw the development of technology. Improvements in solar/radar. Use of pesticides
What was American isolationism?
Policy during war, new restrictions on immigration and lack of members in organizations, no military support
Winston Churchill
Prime minister, rallied the British people during WW2 and lead his country from the brink of defeat to victory
What was the purpose of the neutrality acts?
Prohibits the exports of "arms communication" and implements of war from the US to foreign nations during WW2
Dwight D Eisenhower
Promoted atoms for peace at the UN general assembly in order to ease Cold War tensions
Charles de gualle
Rose from French soldier in WW1 to exile leader and eventually persistent of the 5th republic
What happened to Japanese Americans during world war II
Sent to internment camps; worked and lived there, seen as a security threat
What was the seigfried line?
Series of fortifications in Germany, defensive forts and tanks, slow advances of enemies
Office of price admimistation
Set up rationing systems for scarecrow food, fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods being rationed
What was the Maginot line and its significance
Strong defense forts along French/German border
Why was the atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Truman believed this would end the war quickly and with a lot less casualties than an invasion
Franklin D Roosevelt
U.S. President to be elected 4 times. Lead his country from the brink of defeat to victory
What is the official name for the day that Germany surrendered?
V-E day
What was the official name for the day of Japan's surrender?
V-J day
Okinawa
Who won: allies Goals: capture island to be used for American base of operations for an eventual invasion into Japan Outcomes: u.s began to prepare for invasion into Japan, used air bases for regular bombings on Japanese mainland
Guacalcanal
Who won: allies Goals: retake a key Japanese base and air field Outcomes: Japanese were forced to retreat from the island, attempting Dunkirk evacuation
Battle of the bulge
Who won: allies Goals: split the allies in half and drive them back to te English Channel Outcomes: German failure allowed the allies to successfully push into Germany from the west
Iwo Jima
Who won: allies Goals: wanted to capture islands to use the 3 airfields, psychological blow Outcome: 36 day intense fighting. Airfields were used for fighter escorts and sanctuary for crippled bombers
Italy
Who won: allies Goal: allies- invade the soft underbelly "to defeat the axis powers" Outcomes: Italy surrender by mis 1943, Germany forced to defend North Italy. Mussolini out of power
Battle of Leyte gulf
Who won: allies Goals: America: to aid the marines Japan: destroy machines Outcomes: suffered a defensive defeat. Help Americans regain the Philippines
D-day
Who won: allies Goals: take over beach, go into mainland, surprise attack, neutralize large guns Outcomes: loss of many allies troops, liberation of Western Europe, France liberated
Battle of midway
Who won: allies Goals: wanna go back and finish Hawaii, good land Outcomes: turning point in the pacific war, first major defeat Land/naval battle
Discuss the role of women in the war and how their lives change after the war.
Women took on factory jobs, left children/family at home, some women joined the army
