Unit 3: directional terms

Dorsal

Or Posterior. toward or at the backside of the body; behind

Ventral

Or anterior. toward or at the front of the body; in front o

The breastbone (sternum) is ________ to the spine

anterior

Deep (internal)

away from the body surface; more internal

Inferior (caudal)

away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Proximal

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

the lungs are _____ to the rib cage

deep

The knee is ____ to the thigh

distal

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

The navel(belly button) is ______ to the breastbone (sternum)

inferior

The collarbone (clavical) is ______ between the breastbone (sternum) and shoulder

intermediate

The arms are ______ to the chest

lateral

The heart is ________ to the arm

medial

the heart is _____ to the breastbone (sternum)

posterior

The elbow is ______ to the wrist

proximal: the shoulder is closer to the elbow (the attachment point) whereas the wrist is further

The skin is _____ to the skeleton

superficial

The forehead is _______ to the nose

superior

Superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

Medial

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Thoracic cavity: what does the mediastinum house and where is it

1. Cavity superior to the diaphragm 2. Houses heart, lungs, and other organs 3. Mediastinum, the central region, houses heart, trachea, and other organs

Dorsal body cavity has two subdivisions

1. Cranial cavity 2. Spinal cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions

1. Four quadrants 2. Nine regions

Cranial cavity: what does it house and what protects it

1. Houses the brain 2. Protected by the skull

Spinal cavity: what does it house and what protects it

1. Houses the spinal cord 2. Protected by the vertebrae

What are the other body cavities

1. Oral and digestive cavities 2. Nasal cavity 3. Orbital cavities 4. Middle ear cavities

Ventral body cavity has two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm

1. Thoracic cavity 2. Abdominopelvic cavity

two body cavities :

1. dorsal 2. ventral

Abdominopelvic cavity: what muscles protect it, what do the inferior/superior side contain,

1.Cavity inferior to the diaphragm 2.Superior abdominal cavity contains the stomach, liver, and other organs 3.Protected only by trunk muscles 4. Inferior pelvic cavity contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum 5. Protected somewhat by bony pelvis 6. No physical structure separates abdominal from pelvic cavities

function of body cavities

Body cavities provide varying degrees of protection to organs within them