unit 3 gov

Which statement would a judicial activist most likely make?

A. "Interpretations of the Constitution must change because its authors could not foresee modern life."

Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." What did the use of "inherently" imply about segregation?

A. By its very definition, it cannot be equal.

What was one reason why James Madison initially opposed including the Bill of Rights in the Constitution?

A. He feared that rights that were not listed might be unprotected.

How did the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson affect the legalities of segregation?

A. It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent.

How did Regents v. Bakke change affirmative action policies?

A. It struck down the use of strict racial quotas.

State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as

A. Jim Crow laws.

Read the Gallup poll results of registered voters when asked this question. Thinking about how the gun issue might affect your vote for major offices, would you—only vote for a candidate who shares your views on gun control, would you consider a candidate's position on gun control as just one of many important factors when voting, or would you not consider gun control a major issue? Based on the data, which is the best conclusion about the importance of the Second Amendment to a voter's choice of candidate?

A. Most voters think a candidate's opinion on the Second Amendment is one important issue to consider.

Which of these are required steps in the process to become a naturalized citizen? Select FOUR answers.

A. Pass a two-part test. B. Be a resident of the United States for a certain number of years. E. Take an oath of allegiance to the United States. F. Promise to obey United States laws.

Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

A. Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.

What led to trouble for Anne Hutchinson in colonial times?

A. She condemned the colony's government.

Which statement best explains why the Tenth Amendment reserves some rights and powers to the states?

A. The framers believed in the principle of federalism.

Which action led to the Warren Court case about students' right to free speech in public schools?

A. a protest against the Vietnam War

In the United States, potential jury members are notified of their duty by

A. a summons.

Read this quotation from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Every man and every woman in this Nation—regardless of party—who have the right to register and to vote, and the opportunity to register and to vote, have also the sacred obligation to register and to vote. For the free and secret ballot is the real keystone of our American Constitutional system. This quotation addresses the point-of-view that

A. all adult citizens share a responsibility to vote.

In most of early colonial America,

A. church membership and attendance were required.

If two people of different ethnic backgrounds were guilty of the same crime, but only one of them were accused and tried, this would be a violation of

A. due process and equal protection under the law.

Some people consider Griswold v. Connecticut to be an example of judicial activism because it

A. established a right to privacy, which the Constitution does not explicitly name.

American citizens must pay federal taxes, which are paid via

A. income taxes.

What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage?

A. increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses

After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by

A. passing amendments to the Constitution.

Read the quote from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Compared with the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, this opinion

A. refutes the doctrine of "separate but equal."

In the United States, the responsibility of voting includes

A. registering to vote in one's home state.

Why were some members of Congress in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights with regard to the Fourteenth Amendment?

A. the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal laws

Which of these is an example of a way in which a young American might make a choice to be of national service without being required?

A. volunteering for the Peace Corps.

An obligation is an act or duty that someone is morally or legally bound to do. Which of the following is not an obligation of a good citizen?

A. voting in every local, primary, and general election

Which group was most affected by the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment?

B. African American males of voting age

Which government agency analyzed data to ensure African-Americans were receiving fair treatment at the polls?

B. Census Bureau

Which of the following forced state governments to give African Americans the right to participate in the voting process?

B. Civil Rights Act of 1964

What is a requirement of all citizens in the United States?

B. Everyone must be available to serve on a jury in response to a summons.

The US Constitution defines citizenship in the

B. Fourteenth Amendment.

How does the Fifth Amendment relate to the decision of Miranda v. Arizona?

B. It says that accused people do not have to testify against themselves.

Which of the following names two leaders of the First Great Awakening?

B. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

Which of the following best describes the history of Mormonism in the US?

B. Mormonism arose from the Second Great Awakening but was driven by Protestants into present-day Utah.

Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this?

B. Nineteenth

What was the Supreme Court's decision in Barron v. Baltimore in 1833?

B. The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level.

Why was the Supreme Court's ruling important in Gitlow v. New York with respect to due process?

B. because Gitlow's legal rights were used to interpret the issue of incorporation

Read the following scenario. Jacob Smith is an African American man in his fifties. He heads to a local restaurant for dinner and is told by the hostess that he is going to have to sit on "that side" of the establishment, as she gestures to a part of the restaurant where only other African Americans are sitting. Mr. Smith feels offended and leaves the restaurant. Based on passage of the Civil Rights Act, what is Mr. Smith's best recourse?

B. contacting the US Justice Department about filing a potential discrimination lawsuit

Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to

B. federal law only.

The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person

B. is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States.

Civil liberties are related to which kind of fundamental rights?

B. natural rights

Although religious diversity has steadily increased throughout US history, the nation today

B. still struggles with religious intolerance.

If Chris is on trial and does not want to testify in court, which amendment protects her from testifying?

B. the Fifth Amendment

Freedom of expression, including freedom of religion and freedom of peaceable assembly, is protected by which amendment to the Constitution?

B. the First Amendment

Which amendment protects citizens from being forced to house troops?

B. the Third Amendment

Why did the Supreme Court expand the incorporation of the Bill of Rights?

B. to ensure equal treatment for all citizens

Which group has the lowest voter-participation rate?

B. young adults

For most of the 1900s, the legal voting age was

C. 21

Which of the following describes the history of American Indian religions during colonization?

C. American Indian religious practices were often banned, and American Indians were often forcibly converted to Christianity.

What was the important precedent set by the Gitlow v. New York case?

C. First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment.

What was a significant contribution of minister Billy Graham?

C. He energized millions of followers, using television and radio to communicate his religious message.

Why was it decided to lower the voting age to 18 from 21?

C. It was unusual that 18-year-olds could be drafted but could not vote.

What did Justice Brown's verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson state?

C. Separation does not necessarily imply any inequality.

What is the relationship between the Supreme Court and the lower courts?

C. The Supreme Court can overrule decisions made by the lower courts.

How does the legal precedent set by the decision in the Brown case relate to the concept of federalism?

C. The precedent overturned state laws based on an interpretation of the Constitution.

Attending a school board meeting can best be described as

C. civic participation.

The Warren Court ruled that schools could restrict students' free speech if the speech

C. disrupted school discipline.

Catholic immigrants to the US in the late 1800s and early 1900s were

C. often accused of being more loyal to the Pope than to America.

Following the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, states attempted to limit voting rights of African Americans through

C. poll taxes and literacy tests.

Which scenario most likely would have taken place at a polling center in the South in response to the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment?

C. poll workers having voters read aloud to prove they are literate

The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed a person's right to vote regardless of

C. race.

An example of a volunteer opportunity within one's community might be

C. serve at a homeless shelter.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Chief Justice Earl Warren was a strong advocate for

C. social progress.

Which amendment protects any rights that are not specifically mentioned within the Constitution or the Bill of Rights?

C. the Ninth Amendment

Procedural rights protect people from abuses by which part of the government?

C. the justice system

Which is a First Amendment right that was ruled on by the Warren Court?

C. the right to free speech

Read this excerpt from the Constitution. The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent . . . abuse of its powers, that further . . . restrictive clauses should be added. According to this excerpt, what was the main purpose of ratifying the Bill of Rights?

C. to prevent the abuse of power

The Warren Court ruled that a state law that forbid using, selling, or providing information about birth control was

C. unconstitutional because it violated the right to privacy.

In Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court decided that prayer in school

C. violated freedom of religion.

Which accurately describes what Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education had in common?

D. Both cases involved interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, new waves of immigration brought large numbers of

D. Catholics and Jews to the US.

Why was Homer Plessy arrested?

D. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.

Which statement best describes what the Bill of Rights does for citizens' rights?

D. It guarantees them.

Why was Anne Hutchinson notable?

D. She criticized the Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious intolerance.

How does the Seventh Amendment differ from the other amendments dealing with procedural rights in the Bill of Rights?

D. The Seventh Amendment applies to civil court proceedings.

Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?

D. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."

Which of the following best describes a hate crime?

D. a crime motivated by prejudice

The Supreme Court might be considered an activist court if it

D. applies an article of the Constitution to a new area of law.

Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law?

D. civil rights

Which term is defined as "a legal doctrine that permitted racial segregation in public facilities?"

D. separate but equal

An obligation is an act or duty that someone is morally or legally bound to do. Which of the following is an obligation of a good citizen?

D. serving on a jury when called to do so

The social gospel movement taught that poverty was caused by

D. society's problems.

The practice of selective incorporation means that the Bill of Rights will

D. sometimes be applied to the states by the court.

The Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines School District dealt with

D. students' right to free speech in public schools.

Which amendment resulted in the incorporation of the Bill of Rights?

D. the Fourteenth Amendment

Which amendment best addresses the fears of Anti-Federalists of a central government with too much power?

D. the Tenth Amendment

The Civil Rights Act expanded

D. the federal government's power.

Which right is implied by the Second Amendment's right to bear arms?

D. the right to protect oneself

The 1961 Mapp v. Ohio case that went before the Warren Court was related to

D. the use of illegally obtained evidence.

The graph shows the population of the United States in 2011. What portion of the population are eligible voters and over the age of 24?

D. two-thirds