Unit 3 Nutrition and Wellness

Iodine is necessary for ________.

maintaining normal thyroid function

The omentum stores adipose tissue that is referred to as "visceral fat."

true

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

caffeine

Lydia's diet lacks ________, which is classified as a major mineral.

calcium

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

calcium

________ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because they release most of the energy stored in macronutrients.

mitochondria

Home-canned low-acid foods, such as green beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a potentially deadly toxin.

true

In the United States, local health departments are usually responsible for inspecting restaurants to identify food safety hazards.

true

Most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat.

true

Proper nutrition is necessary for a person to have optimal physical fitness.

true

Javier is a 42-year-old man who recently lost 50 pounds by increasing his exercise and eating small, frequent meals. Now that he is in a weight-maintenance phase, his trainer recommends that he exercise for an hour a day, most days of the week, at 64-76% of his maximum heart rate. According to this information, Javier should maintain his pulse during exercise within the range of approximately _______ heartbeats per minute.

114-135

Holly is a healthy woman who is 23 years of age. According to the CDC and American College of Sports Medicine, her approximate target heart rate zone for moderate-intensity physical activity is _______.

126-150

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about ________ of his body is fat.

15%

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of ________.

165

________ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells.

ATP

Which of the following types of pathogens is responsible for most cases of "traveler's diarrhea"?

Bacteria

Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing?

Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Mario is concerned about the safety of his home's tap water, which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water?

EPA

Jamal is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water?

FDA

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce?

Food and Drug Administration

Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens?

Irradiating

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________.

NEAT

What is exercise?

Physical activities that are planned and conducted for a particular purpose.

What is exercise?

Skeletal muscle contractions that are planned and conducted for a reason, such as having fun.

________ is the primary function of adipose cells.

Storing triglycerides (fat)

Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student. Her percentage of body fat is 8%. Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?

Tamara's percentage of body fat is too low

Anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps should she avoid?

Thawing the frozen, raw ground meat on the kitchen counter.

Lizzie enjoys eating grilled salmon and trout, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices do not result in food-borne illness. What should she avoid doing?

Wiping the knife that she used to cut up the raw fish with a wet dishrag before using it to peel apples for making applesauce.

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________.

are females

In the United States, the plastic used to make water bottles may contain ________.

biphenol A

The ________ is a numerical value that reflects body weight adjusted for height.

body mass index

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

boiling for 1 min

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

boiling the water

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________.

breathing

A person's risk of ________ increases as his or her BMI is 25 or more.

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

The "Check Your Steps" program has four simple rules for food safety. All of the following are part of the "Check Your Steps" program EXCEPT ______.

clean

Ultra-processed foods may ________.

contribute to weight gain because a person can easily eat too many kilocalories of these foods

Dehydration can cause ________.

death

Pathogens ________.

disease causing agents

Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic?

driving a car

Caffeine _________.

enhances skeletal muscle contraction

According to the Delaney Clause, food manufacturers can add a newly developed ingredient that can cause cancer, if they use the substance in microgram quantities.

false

If you suspect someone is suffering from heat cramps, call 911 because this is a life-threatening medical emergency.

false

Physical activity is defined as muscular movements that are performed for a purpose, such as improving cardiac function or reducing body fat.

false

Sterilization is an extremely effective method of destroying food-borne pathogens.

false

When healthy athletes engage in vigorous exercise, their glycogen stores become depleted within 20 minutes.

false

________ are vermin than often transmit pathogens to food.

flies

Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of losing several primary teeth to dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.

fluoride

A person who sprints for 45 seconds obtains most of his or her energy from _______.

glucose

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________.

gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities

Manuel's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

healthy

________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

hemoglobin

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

herbicide

Which of the following disorders is associated with high sodium intakes?

hypertension

Extracellular fluid ________.

includes plasma and tissue fluid

To make your exercise routine more enjoyable, the routine should ________.

incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities

According to national surveys, over the past 25 years the percentage of obese American adults has __________.

increased

In the United States, ________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

iron

In the United States, ________.

it is safe to drink tap water from public water supplies.

The ________ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

kidneys

Osteoporosis is characterized by ________.

loss of bone mass and structure

Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

obese

Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to ________.

perform moderate-vigorous intense physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired

According to the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern?

potassium

________ is a major source of sodium and chloride in the typical American's diet.

processed food

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by ________.

purging, including self-induced vomiting

According to the ______ theory, a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

set-point

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of ________ ions.

sodium

________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

subcutaneous

Michelle's weekly exercise program includes swimming, running, toe touches, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a flexibility exercise?

toe touches

Athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion.

true

Bariatric medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity.

true

Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance.

true

Dorrie frequently skips meals to control her weight, which is a disordered eating practice.

true

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop ________ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

underweight

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

virus

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank many large cups of water at water stations along the race course. Near the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nausea. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________.

water intoxication

While Breonna was on a cruise through the Panama Canal, she suddenly became very ill with stomach cramps, explosive vomiting, and watery diarrhea. She was so sick, she could not leave her cabin for several days. The physician on board the ship told Breonna that she had the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Based on this information, Breonna had become infected with ______.

norovirus