Unit 4 Study guide Biology

In your opinion, who made a bigger contribution to the system of taxonomy, Aristotle or Linnaeus? Justify your reasoning?

Aristotle, because he was the 1st (2000 years ago) to set up the system of plants vs. animals, and put plants in classification of size, structure, and stem differences & animals classified to where they lived--air, water, land. WHILE linnaeus built off of Aristotles discoveration to develop a more accurate system.

The correct way to spell the scientific name of the human species is

B. Homo sapiens

Fruit fly species all look more or less alike. If you have a male and female fruit fly what would be the best way to determine that they are the same species?

B. If they mate successfully and their offspring can also mate successfully, all are the same species.

Which of the following is NOT a source of variation within a species or population?

B. Natural selection

brown eye color as a result of wearing contact lenses

B. a characteristic that CANNOT affect future natural selection

The fact that transfer cells have many mitochondria supports the statement that transfer cells move mineral ions by means of

B. active transport

The gene pool for a particular gene is

B. all the alleles for a particular trait in all the individuals in the population

Which groups of organisms are most important as decomposers which decay dead organic matter and recycle its nutrients?

B. bacteria and fungi

The vascular system in plants in analogous to the

B. circulatory in animals

Which of the following forms from dermal tissue?

B. epidermis

You find a plant with open stomata. What is the plant doing?

B. exchanging gases

In an organism's binomial scientific name, the first of the two names is the

B. genes

Which of the following would stop evolution by natural selection from occurring?

B. if genetic recombination and mutation stopped and organisms could only reproduce asexually

Which of the following statements about evolution is FALSE? A. evolution involves a change of frequency of alleles in the gene pool B. individuals evolve C. populations evolve D. an entire species can evolve E. Evolution can proceed to a limited extent without the occurrence of mutation

B. individuals

Which of following is the most important force in shaping evolution?

B. natural selection

This organism is big and multi-cellular, is a photoautotroph, and looks green.

B. plant

Cells occur singly, have a nucleus and other organelles but do not have chloroplasts or flagella. Even so the cells seem to move by a kind of oozing or flowing of the cytoplasm.

B. protista

Single celled fungi are

B. yeasts

Which groups of organisms are most important as decomposers which decay dead organic matter and recycle its nutrients?

C. bacteria and fungi

Which kind of evidence would be of the least use to taxonomists?

C. domestication records

If a plant such as an iris reproduces asexually most of the time, it probably

C. has offspring that live in the same environment as the parent

Which of the following areas/ conditions would be favored by thermoacidophiles?

C. hot sulfur springs

Many commercial pesticides become less effective after 2-3 years because

C. pests with resistant genes will survive and reproduce

Organisms that can interbreed with each other in nature but which are genetically isolated from all other organisms are a

C. species

Guard cells swell and shrink, this regulating the size of ___________ that permit the diffusion of water vapor and other gasses into and out of leaves.

C. stomata

Birds with extravagant plumage may be able to pass their genes to the next generation better than drab birds because

C. they are more likely to attract a male

Movement of water out of the leaves of a plant is known as

C. transportation

Which of these is a correct order of taxonomic categories from less specific?

D. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

A population of deer was threatened with overpopulation until cheetahs were imported. After a couple of years, there were fewer deer but the average running speed of the deer had increased. This is an example of

D. Natural selection

Because of the amount of surface area per unit volume, a large body size loses heat less rapidly than a smaller size of the same shape. Based upon your knowledge of natural selection what trend in deer size might you predict?

D. The average body size of the deer population increases as you go towards the poles

Which pair of animals is probably most closely related evolutionary?

D. animals in the same genus

Each of the following is a characteristic of at least some animals EXCEPT A. being multi-cellular B. a lack of cell walls C. a heterotrophic nutrition D. being single-celled E. a blastula stage in development

D. being single-celled

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all or nearly all plants?

D. endosperm

The organism is chemoheterotrophic, has a cell wall, is not mobile, has a nucleus, and is a decomposer.

D. fungus

Cilia are

D. many short hair-like cellular extensions found on the surface of some protists

Which of these taxonomic categories is less specific than family and more specific than class?

D. order

A bacterial cell has which of the following structures?

D. ribosomes

The major weakness of Darwin's theory during his lifetime was?

D. the lack of a mechanism to explain how traits were passed to offspring intact when most believed inheritance worked through blending

It is important for all plants to be able to respond to all the physical factors in their environment EXCEPT A. light B. water availability C. gravity D. touch E. seasonal changes

D. touch

Algal protist groups differ from each other in terms of the A. possession of flagella B. unicellular/ multi-cellular body plan C. principal photosynthetic storage product D. principal photosynthetic pigments E. all of the above

E. All of the above

Evidence which supports the theory of evolution is found in studies of A. biochemistry B. Fossils C. embryos D. homologous structures E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following are required for something to be considered "living"? A. cells B. organization C. response to environment D. growth E. All of the above

E. All of the above

If the weather in Richmond Virginia changed to very cold (snow on the ground 8 months of each year) over the next few years what change might occur?

E. If a mutation had previously occurred which caused white fur, such white squirrels would have a better chance to survive and reproduce.

Who is credited with developing the binomial system system of scientific names?

E. Linnaeus

Insect wings, bat wings, and the flaps of tissue between the limbs and body of "flying" squirrels are

E. analogous

Animals are divided into different phyla on the basis of

E. body plans

Leaves are covered on the outside with ____________ to reduce water loss.

E. cuticle

Which of the following is correct>

E. most organisms alive today are prokaryotes

Evolution explains all of the following EXCEPT A. survival B. rates of reproduction C. constant change in populations of organisms D. common characteristics of related species E. multiple origins

E. multiple origins of different groups of organisms

Cells occur singly and have no evidence of a nucleus A. fungus B. archaea C. protista D. bacteria E. Two of these are possible

E. two of these are possible

Describe the difference between homologous and analogous structures in organisms and give an example of each.

Homologous- structures built and used the same (forearm of cat vs.dog) Analogous- structures maybe used the same but not built the same (wing of bird vs. wing of insect)

Brown eye color as a result of pigment in the front part of the iris

A. a characteristic that CAN affect future natural selection

copper-colored skin of someone who is a native American

A. a characteristic that CAN affect future natural selection

Loss of a little finger in an industrial accident

A. a characteristic that CANNOT affect future natural selection

tanned skin as a result of exposure to the sun

A. a characteristic that CANNOT affect future natural selection

Lichens are

A. a symbiotic association of algae and fungi.

Which of the following pairs of traits represent analogous characteristics?

A. bat wings and dragonfly wings

Fungi obtain food how?

A. by digesting it externally and then absorbing it

If an environmental change happens too suddenly a population may go extinct because

A. it lacks the genetic variation to evolve

_____________________ is the study of the structure/ form of an organism or any of its part.

A. morphology

The plant tissue that moves carbohydrates from one part of the plant to another is

A. phloem

One type of bacterium that has a corkscrew shape and causes the disease syphilis is a/an

A. spirochete

The theory of natural selection states that

A. the best adapted individuals survive and reproduce contributing the most genes to the next generation

A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, green and brown. Typically the prairie receives adequate water to maintain healthy green grass. Assume a bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie. How will this affect the natural selection of grasshoppers? How might this change in a drought year?

Pt 1: green plants camouflage green grasshoppers and are less likely to die Pt 2: drought, the green loses camouflage and the brown survive.