Unit 5: Sectional Crisis and Civil War

Antietam

bloodiest 1 day battle in the civil war

Gettysburg

bloodiest battle; union win that basically secures the win of the civil war for the union; Robert E. Lee orders picket's charge and looses 1/3 of his army,

What was Lincoln's initial policy towards the Confederacy?

He favored restricting slavery to the states where the constitution protected it, Lincoln believed in doing whatever it takes to maintain the Union and keep the Confederate states (even if that meant getting rid of slavery), wanted to maintain the peace, felt like the founding fathers wanted a gradualism with slavery, morally opposes it however,

What event is credited with causing the creation of the Republican Party?

Kansas-Nebraska Act because the whigs party was destroyed

What happened in Kansas as a result of the popular sovereignty ideals included in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Lecompton applies for statehood with a minority in favor of slavery and without a population vote, Buchanan pushes for it for the support but Douglas says no, passed by house, rejected in the senate. Split the democratic branch : north and south, city hall was burned down, since Kansas was supposedly based on popular sovereignty, pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers migrated to Kansas (created lots of tension), ----> ultimately leads to "Bleeding Kansas"

Describe the events that led to the Dred Scott case. What was the verdict of this decision?

sectionalism expanded and deepened, the continued growth of the abolitionist movement, verdict was that living on northern soil does not give a slave the right to be free, slaves do not have the same rights as US citizens, slaves are property of their masters, Congress has no authority to regulate slavery, no blacks were citizens therefore had no rights under the constitution

What were some of the arguments in support of slavery?

supporters = blacks needed white guidance, slaves have a better standard of living than white northern labor workers, slavery was the only way to sustain peace between the 2 races, "southern way of life," north had no morals + was corrupt

What did the First Confiscation Act? What did the Second Confiscation Act do?

1st act: passed by republican congress; union will confiscate any southern property (& slaves); slaves are now contraband of war; union army relying on labor of fugitive slaves 2nd: freed slaves of anyone participating in or supporting insurrection (--violence against the gov--).; authorized the use of blacks in the union army

What was the significance of the battle of Bull Run?

FIRST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR, the confederate win caused a boost in southern morale and a blow to the northerners; this battle showed that this was not going to be a quick and easy war; this battle destroyed Lincoln's faith in his generals; also caused republican congress to pass the 1st confiscation act

What was the North's strategy to win the war? What was the South's strategy to win the war?

North: Lincoln's "Anaconda Strategy" at the beginning, North wanted little casualties bc they want the south to be a part of the union again; at the end, "total war"- destroy the south's capacity and willingness to wage war South: fight until the end for what they believe in, :dispersed defensive" traded space for time, strategic

What were the advantages of the North during the Civil War? South?

North: much better navy, strong economic ties with Great Britian, higher population so more men to fight, good industries to supply the army, large, growing capital sources to provide tax revenue South: superior commanders, slave labor, rural area makes it not as easy to attack bc everything is spread out, defensive war is easier bc it is in their own territory

Vicksburg

Union surrounds the town of Vicksburg (anaconda strategy), cuts off supplies + starves the confederacy out, union win gave them unfettered control of the mississippi river and opened the deep south for deep invasion (Sherman's march) burned all of Atlanta to Savannah

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do

issued after the battle of antietam; it freed forever slaves in all areas of the confederacy, except those under control of the union army (didn't apply to MO, KY bc remained in the union; it greatly expanded antislavery sentiment in the north) didn't really apply tho because the south seceded

Who was William Lloyd Garrison? What were some of his accomplishments?

key figure of the abolitionist movement, creates a radical antislavery newspaper called "The Liberator," created the Garrisonian philosophy (opponents of slavery should view the institution from the eyes of the slaves -- put themselves in their shoes---, emphasize damage done to blacks, rejects gradualism, demands immediate abolition of slavery, scorned advocates of colonization, true abolition of slavery should mean that blacks would have American citizenship) does not accept gradualism,

What were some of the arguments against slavery?

morally corrupt, didn't benefit the northerners so they wanted it abolished, gave the south more power stood for a power struggle between the south and north, rejects individualism and progressivism, north viewed the south as the antithesis of democracy (closed, immobile, lazy, backward) the spreading of "Slave Power Conspiracy" threaten Northern freedom of labor and soil