Unit 7 Earth's water and climate

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source region example

A continental tropical air mass formed over the Southwest U.S

warm and rising

A low-pressure belt means the air is

low

A mid-latitude cyclone occurs when two different air masses begin to spin around a _____-pressure center.

oceans, land

A temperate climate zone includes maritime climates, near _____, and continental climates, over _____.

wind speed goes above 74 miles per hour

A tropical storm can turn into a hurricane when _

flood

Always flee to higher ground in case of a _____.

polar climate

Antarctica and Greenland provide examples of _____ climates.

differences in temperature

Any winds, like the jet stream, occur because of _____

30%

Approximately how much of the Sun's energy is currently reflected by Earth's atmosphere?

cooler

At higher latitudes, climates become

adiabatic example

Clouds form from _____ temperature change, which occurs when an expanding gas cools. a condensation

rare

Deserts are very hot during the day and very cold at night. The cloud coverage above these areas is most likely

obliquity

Earth's tilt

urban heat island effect, cooler

If you live in the city and head out to a rural town, the _____ suggests the rural area's temperature would be _____.

you may just be in the "eye" of the hurricane

If you think a hurricane has passed over you, stay indoors because _____.

Oregon

If you'd like to live in a place that has more moderate summers and winters, it'd be best to pack your suitcases and head to _

climate example

In Hawaii, you can almost always expect 80°F temperatures and daily showers.

New Mexico

In the U.S., weather in Arizona can move and affect the weather in ___

characteristics must an air mass have?

It must be 1,000 miles or more in size. It flows as one unit. iest has a uniform temperature and humidity.

weather example

It rained yesterday and is supposed to be sunny today. This is an example of

Get cooler

It's 10 o'clock at night and you're out on a boat. If you head back into the coast where a land breeze is blowing, the temperature would

ocean

Like the atmosphere, the _____ transports and distributes heat on Earth, helping to regulate climate.

rain example

Liquid water that falls to the ground is

tracking air masses and fronts inputting weather data into a computer using personal knowledge of the area

Meteorologists forecast weather by

temperate example

Most of the U.S. has a _____ climate.

rain detention

Nimbostratus or cumulonimbus clouds will most likely bring

seasons

Predictable, yearly cycles of changing weather are known as

Milankovitch cycles plate tectonics volcanic activity

Scientists think past changes in climate have been caused by _____.

water vapor turns to water which then freezes into ice

Snow and sleet are different. Snow forms when water vapor turns directly into ice crystals, while sleet forms when _____.

lake effect snow the urban heat island effect

Syracuse, New York, is an urban area with mostly flat terrain. The city is near Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes. If you lived in Syracuse, you may have experienced ___

Get inside the house and close the windows because a storm is coming!

The meteorologist says there's a cold front moving in. How will you prepare?

less extreme

The seasons by the ocean are _____ than inland areas.

plants trees grass

Things that can naturally cool an area include _____.

clouds made up of?

Tiny droplets of water and ice crystals

fix leaky faucets use a broom to sweep your driveway instead of spraying it with a hose

To do your part during a drought, you should _

winds are able to flow without obstruction

Tornadoes are common in areas of flat plains because _____.

the Sun's rays are more concentrated near the equator

Tropical and polar climate zones are very distinct. This is because _

warmer

Very humid areas are usually _____ in temperature.

light precipitation

Warm fronts and stationary fronts can bring

radiosondes

Weather stations send up weather balloons with _____ to transmit temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction measurements.

an occluded front

When a cold front overruns a warm front, trapping it against another cold air mass, it produces ___

water, cold and moist

When describing a maritime polar air mass, you might say it formed over _____ and is _____.

the intertropical convergence zone

Where would you find rain for an average of 200 days each year?

dry and hot

You live on the east (leeward) side of the Sierra Nevada mountains. What kind of climate should you expect?

Fronts, air masses

_____ occur when two _____ meet.

Doppler effect

a change in the frequency of sound or light waves that can be used to determine the direction of movement of a wave source

drought

a long period of unusually dry weather

relative humidity

a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at its current temperature

cyclone

a severe storm

radiosonde

a transmitter sent up in a weather balloon to send measurements of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction

Doppler radar definition

an instrument that can detect an upcoming tornado.

source region

area over which an air mass forms

Mountains

can alter wind flow and create a rain shadow effect.

Milankovitch cycles

changes in Earth's orbit and tilt that occur every 100,000 years; believed to be responsible for past ice ages

subtropical climate

climate zone, near a high-pressure band, encompasses hot, desert climates.

Stratus

clouds indicate possible precipitation.

Plate tectonics Atmospheric or Oceanic circulation patters Volcanic Activity

could drastically change climate?

weather

day-to-day changes in atmospheric conditions, including temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, cloud coverage, or precipitation

lake effect snow

downpour of snow due to an arctic air mass flowing over a warm lake

polar

dry, cold climate zone above 60 degree latitude

tilted toward the Sun

during summer, the Northern Hemisphere of Earth is

solar

energy powers the water cycle.

jet stream

fast moving stream of wind where cold, polar air meets warm air from the equator

condensation nuclei example

he small particles around which water collects to form droplets

adiabatic

heating or cooling of gas by contraction or expansion

subtropical

hot, often dry, climate zone between 25 and 30 degrees latitude, north or south of the equator

cloudy most of the time

in tropical regions known for warm, daily showers, the cloud coverage is most likely to be __

Water vapor

is moisture in the air or humidity comes from evaporation of water traps heat condenses to make clouds

wind vane picture

it has symbols going north south east west

air mass

large body of air with uniform temperature and humidity

climate

long-term average of weather in an area

barometer

measure air pressure.

thermometers

measure air temperature

hygrometer

measures humidity

psychrometer

measures relative humidity using a pair of dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers

Doppler radar

measures the location and strength of precipitation

wind vane definition

measures wind direction

anemometer

measures wind speed

humidity

moisture in the air

precession

movement of Earth's imaginary, rotating, polar axis

convection

process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a liquid or a gas

Take shelter in a building Crouch in a low place, never under a tree Get out of water as soon as possible Do not touch electrical equipment

safety tips should you keep in mind during a thunderstorm?

temperate

seasonably variable climate zone between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, north or south of the equator

Earth's energy budget

the balance between the amount of energy coming in from the Sun and going back out into space

heat

the main source of a hurricane's energy comes from _____.

transpiration

the process of plants releasing moisture from their leaves

eccentricity

the shape of Earth's orbit about the Sun; can change from a more elliptical to a more circular path and back

desertification

the spread of desert environments

urban heat island effect

the tendency of streets and buildings to absorb and retain the Sun's heat

condensation nuclei

tiny particles in the atmosphere upon which water vapor can condense

Hair

tools can be used to determine humidity

Start with computer generated weather models Short-term forecasts are usually accurate Predicting storms is difficult because the atmosphere is so dynamic

true when meteorologists predict the weather?

maritime

type of temperate climate near an ocean or sea

continental

type of temperate climate over land

tropical

warm, moist climate zone near the equator

thermohaline circulation

water that moves because of its temperature and salt content

upwelling

when wind allows cold dense water to rise from the bottom of the ocean to the surface

rain shadow effect

when wind flow over mountains produces moist conditions on the windward side of the mountains and dry conditions on the leeward side

wind shear

when winds change direction and speed up into the atmosphere

front

where two different air masses meet


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