WGU - Introduction to IT - D322 Section 5 Review

Types of application software

- Web browser - Accounting - Communication - Data management - Desktop publishing - Email - Groupware - Presentation graphics - Programming - Word processing

What statement is true concerning compiled and interpreted computer language? - Both compiled and interpreted languages are written in binary code. - A compiler translates an entire program into an executable program, which can be run at a later time, while the interpreter does this incrementally. - A compiled language program is portable and can be run on multiple types of systems, whereas an interpreted program runs on a single type of system. - An interpreted language program runs faster than a compiled language program.

A compiler translates an entire program into an executable program, which can be run at a later time, while the interpreter does this incrementally.

Examples of device drivers

A print driver needs to be installed if a user wants to send a document to the printer. A Bluetooth headphone driver is necessary if a user wants to listen to music on Bluetooth headphones. Some device drivers are installed automatically, while others would need to be downloaded and installed from the manufacturers' sites.

JavaScript

A programming language designed to enable user engagement with dynamic elements on web pages.

Purpose of Accounts

Accounts are established by the administrator, whose account is often called a superuser or root account. When the end user supplies the proper credentials during the log-in procedure, the user is given access to the operating system.

Administrator Role

Administrators can alter settings, modify critical software packages, and perform other maintenance activities denied to other users.

Graphical User Interface (GUIs).

Allow end users to issue commands through input devices such as mouses, keyboards, or touch screens.

Which statement correctly describes the operating system? - Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish some tasks and is sometimes referred to as horizontal software - Works with hardware to provide a network service that can be distributed across several machines on the network - Requires the user to have specialized training concerning specific commands that must be entered with proper syntax - Allows the user to control the actions of the software, and through the software, to access hardware.

Allows the user to control the actions of the software, and through the software, to access hardware.

Which action by application programs requires support from a networked operating system? A word processor program edits texts within a file. An Internet browser displays a web page. Photo editing software enhances a picture. A payroll program computes the federal tax of an employee.

An Internet browser displays a web page.

PHP

An all-purpose language that is especially suitable for web development.

Shareware

An application that can be installed as a trial limited by time and/or functionality. If the user decides to purchase the application or subscription, they then get the full functionality.

Python

An easy-to-use programming language that does not require a compiler for debugging.

Linux

An open-source operating system software. There are many different versions of Linux, referred to as flavors, including Linux Mint, Mandrake, Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and CentOS. These operating systems are free for anyone to use. However, there are vendors (e.g., Red Hat, Cisco) that offer Linux-based operating systems, adding cost for support and/or hardware.

Windows

An operating system by Microsoft that incorporates a user-friendly, graphical interface. However it is closed-sourced.

Local applications

Application software stored on individual computers. They are mostly found on personal machines, as they are often impractical for large organizations.

Which programming languages uses a compiler?

C, C++, C#, and Java programs need compilers to execute.

Types of user interface

Command line interface (CLI), Graphical User Interface(GUI), Menus and dialogue boxes

Which statement is not true of compilers? - All errors must be debugged before a compiler can compile the source code. - Compilers do not translate source code into machine code. - Interpreters translate and execute one line of source code at a time. - Perl and Python are examples of programming languages that use an interpreter.

Compilers do not translate source code into machine code.

Cloud Computing role

Delivers services, including computing, storage, databases, networks, software, analytics, and intelligence, thus offloading infrastructure resource requirements to the cloud service provider.

computer software

Detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system

hierarchical file structure.

Directories that are placed within other directories

Collaboration Software

Helps people communicate and work with one another, and helps computers share information.

Where are the basic functions of the operating system located? Applications Kernel Utility software File manager

Kernel

Linux file hierarchy diagram.

Linux file management structure starting with a top Home level, then a sublevel named Mei, a subsequent sublevel named jobsearch, then a sublevel named myresumes, and finally a sublevel named mycoverletters. All of the names are entirely in lowercase.

TCL

Often used in rapid prototyping and the creation of GUIs, TCL is a simple and compact language but is also very powerful.

Mac

Operating System developed by Apple, they are closed-source and are known for their media editing and graphic rendering capabilities.

Which programming languages uses an Interpreter?

Perl and Python execute using interpreters.

Which characteristic identifies application software that is cloud-based? Hosted on an individual computer Hosted in the internal business network Provided by servers in the internal business network Provided by third-party providers

Provided by third-party providers

programming language

Provides the standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software.

What type of software permits free temporary use followed by long-term activation for a fee? Proprietary Public Domain Open Source Shareware

Shareware

Three ways software can be packaged:

Shareware Freeware Public domain

software package

Software that is purchased or leased from another firm. A commercially produced software product, or family of products.

Productivity Software

Software that people use to complete daily tasks such as writing documents, managing personal information, giving presentations, storing data, and sending emails.

Cloud applications, or cloud apps

Software units where cloud-based and local components work together to perform tasks.

Specialized Software

Specialized software performs tasks for specific purposes. Professions such as computer-aided design, medicine, science, finance, games, and entertaining use specialized software.

Which language is often used for rapid prototyping and the creation of GUIs? TCL C++ COBOL Python

TCL

Operating System Role

Tasked with protecting the computer's resources from unauthorized users. It uses the end-users information during each computer log-in to control access to the system and resources.

directory-path

Tells a user where the file is located within the file system, often written as the folder names separated by slashes.

computer science

The art of blending human ideas and digital tools to increase problem solving power

Interpreters

Translate and execute source code into machine language one line at a time. If the interpreter finds an error, the process is terminated at the statement containing the error and displays an error message. The error must be resolved before the interpreter will continue to the next line. Interpreters convert instructions one statement at a time when the program is run.

Compiler

Translates source code into machine language. It checks source code for errors before translating it into object code. If the source code is found to have errors, the compiler specifies the errors. Errors must be resolved (also known as debugged) before the compiler can successfully recompile the source code.

Windows file hierarchy diagram.

Windows file management structure showing a top level named USERS\Mei then sublevel named JobSearch, then sublevel named MyResumes, and finally a sublevel named MyCoverLetters. The names are in mixed case, with a capital letter for each word in the name and lower case letters for the rest of the name.

Which of the following is not true of Windows and Linux? Linux is case-sensitive. Linux places the home directory within the /home/. Windows uses the forward slash (/) to express directory paths. Windows' root directory is referred to by a letter.

Windows uses the forward slash (/) to express directory paths.

Three of the most common operating systems are

Windows, Mac, and Linux.

Which two software application packages would be classified as productivity software? Choose 2 answers E-mail Word processor Spreadsheet program FTP client

Word processor Spreadsheet program

user account

a record within the operating system with information such as a name, password, and user privileges (e.g., administrator vs. standard user).

An algorithm is

a set of well-organized, computer-implemented instructions that often result in a computation or the solution to a problem. These computations can be simple or quite complex, depending on what the need is.

language processor

a special-purpose system software used to translate the source code into machine code, such as comilers and interpreters.

Command-line interfaces (CLIs)

a type of user interface that communicate with end users through textual messages using a keyboard and monitor.

user interface

allows end users to communicate with the operating system.

File managers

are able to bundle files into directories or folders

Target users of application software fall into one of the following three categories:

bespoke off-the-shelf hybrid

operating system (OS)

controls the overall operation of a computer. It provides the ability for a user to store and retrieve files, facilitates a user interface to request the execution of programs, and maintains the environment necessary to execute programs.

Software Licensing

defines the permissions, rights, and restrictions assigned to the person who purchases a copy of software

Utility Software

extends the capabilities of an operating system and helps customize the operating system's function.

system software

general-purpose software that is used to operate computer hardware. It provides a platform to run application software.

memory manager

is another component of an operating system's kernel. manages the system's primary main memory.

Bespoke software

is custom made, specifically designed and developed for an organization.

Hybrid software

off-the-shelf software, customized to an organization's needs.

Types of system software

operating system and utility programs - Microsoft Windows - Linux - Mac OS X - DOS

C++

programming language that uses a vocabulary and a set of rules for instructing a computer to perform certain tasks.

Off-the-shelf software

provides a general set of features that are useful to a broad range of users.

Public domain

software has no EULA and no intellectual property protections and is available for anyone to download and use at their own discretion. However, in the United States, a copyright gives an author of a software package the ability to prevent unauthorized duplication for at least 35 years.

Freeware

software that is provided without charge, However, it's still protected by end-user license agreements (EULA) and copyright laws (where applicable).

application software

specific-purpose software used to perform a specific task.

Software can be divided into 2 types.

system and application software.

Kernel

the internal part of an operating system. Contains the operating system components that perform the basic functions required by the computer installation. Also stores a collection of device drivers and software that communicates with controllers or other peripheral devices.

Device drivers

translate generic requests into the technical steps required to complete the task, sometimes referred to as middleware, facilitate the communication of hardware and software.