Ch 26 HW: The Reproductive System

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by regrowth of the functional layer of the endometrium?

*Proliferative phase* During the proliferative phase, the functional layer of the endometrium is fully restored. The end of the proliferative phase coincides with ovulation.

Which of the following glands produces the majority of the fluid in semen?

*seminal vesicles* Seminal fluid is a yellowish alkaline secretion that makes up approximately 60-70% of total semen volume and contains fructose, prostaglandins, and coagulation proteins

What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone

Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females?

ovulation

Where does sperm production occur within the testis?

seminiferous tubules

The stem cells that give rise to new sperm are called __________.

spermatogonia

Why does the CDC recommend girls as young as 11 be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Receiving the vaccination before they are sexually active will minimize their risk of contracting the virus in the future.

Mitosis produces cells that are ___________; meiosis produces cells that are ___________.

diploid; haploid

Enlargement of the prostate can constrict the:

ejaculatory duct.

Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system?

erection

When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred?

female climacteric, or menopause

During prophase I of meiosis,

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs

In a female, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the:

ovaries.

Which of these is a function of follicle stimulating hormone in males?

production of factors that concentrate testosterone

Synapsis and crossing over takes place during __________.

prophase I of meiosis

The correct order of events during meiosis is

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

Spermiogenesis begins with a ________ and ends with a ________.

spermatid, sperm

A male visiting a health clinic presents with a pink rash all over the body, a fever, joint pain, and complains of some hair loss. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) this patient has contracted.

syphilis

Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?

testosterone

Where should a fertilized ovum implant?

uterus

Upon leaving the testes, sperm enters the ________ for functional maturation.

*epididymis* The epididymis promotes sperm cell maturation; stores sperm and moves sperm cells to the ductus deferens.

In females, which hormone is directly responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and helps regulate the menstrual cycle?

*estrogens* Estrogens are directly responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts, and they assist in menstrual cycle regulation.

Secondary follicles contain a ___________ oocyte.

*primary*Secondary follicles contain a primary oocyte arrested in prophase I of meiosis.

Which of the following is true about oogenesis?

It releases an immature gamete each month.

The term __________ describes the movement of sperm and accessory gland secretions into the urethra.

emission accumulates in the urethra with the increase in sexual tension, and neural stimulation of the skeletal muscles at the base of the erectile columns of the penis result in expulsion of the semen from the urethra.

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

prophase I.

Which of the following ovarian hormones is represented by this graph?

Follicular cells produce estrogen under stimulation from FSH, so the level of estrogen increases steadily during the follicular phase.

How would a patient's semen be affected if he has a blockage in his seminal vesicle?

He would have a reduction in the volume of his semen.

The innermost epithelial layer of the uterus is the __________.

endometrium the endometrium is where implantation occurs and is also the layer that is shed during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle.

Complete this analogy: Testes are to gonads as sperm are to

gametes.

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria?

genital herpes

What type of birth control may prevent pregnancy by manipulating the hormones and interfering with ovulation?

hormonal method

Which of the following may be prevented with a vaccine?

human papillomavirus (HPV)

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

interphase.

A young female has begun taking herbal supplements that mimic the effects of progesterone. What affect will this have on her monthly cycle?

"She will most likely not menstruate because the high levels of progesterone will maintain her endometrial lining, mimicking pregnancy." Taking a supplement that produces a continuously high level of progesterone in a woman's body will inhibit the release of gonadotropins, which will prevent the ovarian cycle from the beginning again. Also, mimicking the effects of progesterone will maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus, preventing menstruation.

Which of the following is NOT a component of semen?

*ABP* Androgen binding protein is produced by the sustentacular cells and has an important role in the testes, but it is not a component of semen.

Which of the following is a barrier method of birth control?

*Diaphragm* A diaphragm or cervical cap is placed inside the vagina and acts as a barrier by covering the cervix to block sperm from entering.

The most common cause of cervical cancer is __________.

*HPV infection*There are over 40 types of HPV, and they cause genital warts as well as cervical cancer.

Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic growth of the endometrium. Where is the endometrium normally found?

*Innermost tissue layer of the uterus* The endometrium is a mucous membrane that lines the uterine cavity. It is divided into an inner functional and an outer reticular layer.

Ovulation kits detect the timing of ovulation by measuring the levels of a hormone that stimulates ovulation and peaks at the time of ovulation. This hormone is:

*Luteinizing hormone (LH)*Rising estrogen levels closer to ovulation initiate a positive feedback loop that triggers a peak release of LH around day 14. LH stimulates ovulation.

Where does fertilization usually occur?

ampulla of the uterine tube

The fusion of sperm and egg is known as:

fertilization

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

four haploid cells.

From one original cell, four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes, are produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis.

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