chapter 4 anatomy
epidermis
----- Protective outer layer
dermis
----- The layer of skin not exposed to air is the
dermis
------ Contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves
hypodermis
------- subcutaneous fatty layer
to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns
How is the rule of nines used by a clinician? to diagnose the type of skin cancer to determine whether the patient can survive the burns to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns to identify whether a burn is first-, second-, or third-degree
stratum spinosum
Live keratinocytes connected by desmosomes produce pre-keratin
melan
The root word --- means "black."
derm
The root word ----- means "pertaining to skin."
crine
The root word ----- means "to secrete."
cuntan
The root word ------ means "skin."
stratum corneum
Thick superficial layer of flat, keratinized, dead cells; responsible for dandruff
prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury
Under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form? third-degree burns prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury exposure to human herpesvirus 1 prolonged exposure to UV light
contraction of arector pili muscles
What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened? apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands hair follicles contraction of arrector pili muscles
stratum spinosum
What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? stratum basale stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum spinosum
ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system
What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells? produce keratin ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system absorb ultraviolet radiation stimulate the sensory nerve endings associated with touch receptors
prevents water loss
What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells? absorbs ultraviolet radiation prevents water loss sensory perception produces vitamin D
carotene
What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body? jaundice hemoglobin carotene melanin
third degree burn
What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn an erythema
second degree
What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful? first degree second degree third degree full thickness
mucous membrane
What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane? synovial membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane
serous membrane
What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction? cutaneous membrane synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane
serous membrane
What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? mucous membrane serous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane
stratified squamous epithelium
What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin? dense connective tissue stratified squamous epithelium adipose tissue simple squamous epithelium
oral cavity
Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane? joint cavity abdominal cavity oral cavity thoracic cavity
eccrine glands
Which glands play a role in thermoregulation? apocrine glands hair follicles eccrine glands sebaceous glands
vitamin d
Which important metabolic compound is produced by skin cells? carotene urea sweat vitamin D
a family history of baldness
Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss? ringworm chemotherapy a family history of baldness excessive vitamin A ingestion
merkel cells or discs
Which structures are located in the epidermis? Merkel cells or discs hair follicles sweat glands sebaceous glands
hypodermis
fat storage insulation connect skin with body
melanin
is the pigment that makes moles dark.
reticular layer
layer of the dermis -role in body temperature homeostasis -lamella corpuscles -hair follicles -sweat glands -dense irregular connective tissue
papillary layer
one of the layers of the dermis -superficial layer of the dermis -pain receptors -touch receptors -fingerprints -loose areolar connective tissue
dermis
sensation thermoregulation elasticity excretion
learn
skin from most superficial to most deep stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale dermis
epidermis
water resistant -water retention -pigmentation vitamin d synthesis -
exocrine
A ----- gland secretes its product via a duct.
cutaneous
Another name for skin is ----- membrane.
stratum granulosum
Cells flatten and fill with keratin, resulting in a grainy appearance
stratum lucidum
Clear layer found only in thick skin; cells full of keratin
stratum basale
Deepest layer; site of rapid cell division and melanin production
