chapter 4 anatomy

epidermis

----- Protective outer layer

dermis

----- The layer of skin not exposed to air is the

dermis

------ Contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves

hypodermis

------- subcutaneous fatty layer

to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns

How is the rule of nines used by a clinician? to diagnose the type of skin cancer to determine whether the patient can survive the burns to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns to identify whether a burn is first-, second-, or third-degree

stratum spinosum

Live keratinocytes connected by desmosomes produce pre-keratin

melan

The root word --- means "black."

derm

The root word ----- means "pertaining to skin."

crine

The root word ----- means "to secrete."

cuntan

The root word ------ means "skin."

stratum corneum

Thick superficial layer of flat, keratinized, dead cells; responsible for dandruff

prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury

Under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form? third-degree burns prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury exposure to human herpesvirus 1 prolonged exposure to UV light

contraction of arector pili muscles

What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened? apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands hair follicles contraction of arrector pili muscles

stratum spinosum

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? stratum basale stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum spinosum

ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells? produce keratin ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system absorb ultraviolet radiation stimulate the sensory nerve endings associated with touch receptors

prevents water loss

What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells? absorbs ultraviolet radiation prevents water loss sensory perception produces vitamin D

carotene

What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body? jaundice hemoglobin carotene melanin

third degree burn

What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn an erythema

second degree

What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful? first degree second degree third degree full thickness

mucous membrane

What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane? synovial membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane

serous membrane

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction? cutaneous membrane synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane

serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? mucous membrane serous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane

stratified squamous epithelium

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin? dense connective tissue stratified squamous epithelium adipose tissue simple squamous epithelium

oral cavity

Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane? joint cavity abdominal cavity oral cavity thoracic cavity

eccrine glands

Which glands play a role in thermoregulation? apocrine glands hair follicles eccrine glands sebaceous glands

vitamin d

Which important metabolic compound is produced by skin cells? carotene urea sweat vitamin D

a family history of baldness

Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss? ringworm chemotherapy a family history of baldness excessive vitamin A ingestion

merkel cells or discs

Which structures are located in the epidermis? Merkel cells or discs hair follicles sweat glands sebaceous glands

hypodermis

fat storage insulation connect skin with body

melanin

is the pigment that makes moles dark.

reticular layer

layer of the dermis -role in body temperature homeostasis -lamella corpuscles -hair follicles -sweat glands -dense irregular connective tissue

papillary layer

one of the layers of the dermis -superficial layer of the dermis -pain receptors -touch receptors -fingerprints -loose areolar connective tissue

dermis

sensation thermoregulation elasticity excretion

learn

skin from most superficial to most deep stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale dermis

epidermis

water resistant -water retention -pigmentation vitamin d synthesis -

exocrine

A ----- gland secretes its product via a duct.

cutaneous

Another name for skin is ----- membrane.

stratum granulosum

Cells flatten and fill with keratin, resulting in a grainy appearance

stratum lucidum

Clear layer found only in thick skin; cells full of keratin

stratum basale

Deepest layer; site of rapid cell division and melanin production