Unit 8
Provide culturally competent care when assessing and providing nursing care for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds
-develop cultural self-awareness -develop cultural knowledge -accommodate cultural practices in health care -respect culturally based family roles -avoid mandating change -seek cultural assistance
Explain the approaches to use in conducting a cultural nursing history and physical assessment
-encourage questions -show empathy and patience -observe and intervene when misunderstandings occur -avoid medical jargon and complex sentences -use of interpreter when necessary -ask for clarification when necessary (my throat feels hot- what is meant by that) -open ended questions -need to understand beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of a culture -understand different attitudes for seeking help from health care -understand how different cultures view illness and disease
Describe how teach-back helps a patient with limited health literacy
-helps to ensure the patient understands the teaching -clinician starts by teaching a new concept - then assess patients understanding and comprehension - clinician clarifies and tailors more explanation - patient recalls and comprehends -use of new concept or change in management explanation and then patient adherence to information -use of plain language and limit information to 2/3 major points at a time -use drawings, models, or devices when applicable -encourage questions -uses of empathy and patience
Explain the principles to apply when using an interpreter
1. Consider your audience (ensure that your interpreter has an understanding of the same language your client is using) 2. Give the interpreter a proper brief (information about the clients, the subjects that will be discussed, and any necessary details for proper interviewing) 3. Speak directly to your guests (introduce the interpreter but make sure you and you clients know that you are communicating with them and not the interpreter) 4. Use normal tone of voice (speak with full sentences and normal speed to ensure your entire message gets across) 5. Keep it simple (use plain language and simple wording to facilitate communication) 6. Don't ignore cultural differences (avoid using slang or shortcuts that would need context for the clients) 7. Make sure only one person speaks at a time (to ensure everyone is following the conversation and accurate translation) 8. The interpreters only job is to translate (therefore, if a question is asked they will translate and look to you for the right answer) -interpreters must be impartial and unbiased
Explain the following terms: culture, culture diversity, cultural assimilation, cultural blindness, cultural competency, cultural imposition, culture shock, culture conflict, ethnicity, ethnocentrism, linguistic competence, health literacy, personal space, race, stereotyping, subculture, poverty, prejudice, transcultural nursing, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, culture skill, cultural encounter, and cultural desire
Culture- learned and shared beliefs, values, norms, and traditions of a particular group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions Cultural Diversity- coexistence of different ethnic, biological sex, racial, and socioeconomic groups within one social unit Cultural Assimilation- the process in which the individual adapts to the host's cultural values and no longer prefers the components of the original culture Cultural Blindness- occurs when one ignores differences and proceeds as if they did not exist Cultural Competency-being aware of your own cultural beliefs and values and how these may be different from another culture Cultural Imposition- using one's own values and customs as an absolute guide to interpreting behaviors Culture Shock- the feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture (psychological discomfort) Culture Conflict- occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure Ethnicity- shared identity related to social and culture heritage such as values, language, geographical spaces, and racial characteristics Ethnocentrism- tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to other and are more preferred than others Linguistic Competence- adequate use of language (written, reading, and spoken) Health Literacy- degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions Personal Space- Race- common biological characteristics shared by a group of people (specific physical characteristics such as skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, and hair texture) Stereotyping- generalizations that are made about individuals without further assessment (assumption that all individuals of a culture, ethnic group, or race are all alike) Subculture- various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics form a dominant culture Poverty-feeling of despair, resignation, and fatalism with no hope for future and unemployment, unstable family, need for gov. aid, and decline in self respect Prejudice- a pre-conceived judgment or opinion formed without factual knowledge (irrational hostility, hatred, or suspicion of a particular group, race, or religion) Transcultural Nursing- a formal study and practice in nursing focused upon comparative holistic cultural care, health, and illness patterns of individuals and groups with respect to differences and similarities in culture values, beliefs, and practices Cultural Awareness- gaining in-depth awareness of one's own background, stereotypes, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities Cultural Knowledge- obtaining knowledge of other cultures, gaining sensitivity to, respect for, and appreciation of differences Culture Skill- ability to conduct a cultural assessment of a patient to collect relevant cultural data about a patients presenting problem as well as accurately conducting a culturally based physical assessment and culturally competent care Cultural Encounter- a process in which encourages health care professionals to directly engage in face-to-face cultural interactions and other types of encounters with patients from culturally diverse backgrounds (aims to modify a health care providers existing belief about a cultural group and to prevent possible stereotyping Cultural Desire- motivation of a health care professional to want to engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, and culturally skillful in seeking cultural encounters
Describe health disparity and the social determinants that affect it
Health Disparity- a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage Social Determinants- the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age -some include race, sexuality, ability level, education level, income, access to health care or healthy activities
Identify factors commonly included in a transcultural assessment of health-related beliefs and practices
Transcultural nursing - a formal study and practice in nursing focused upon comparative holistic cultural care, health, and illness patterns of individual and groups with respect to differences and similarities in cultural values, beliefs, and practice -Goal of this is to provide culturally congruent, sensitive, and competent nursing care to people of diverse cultures