UNIT 8: GLOBAL ISSUES

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Seeks to promote national and international policies with respect to migration that follow the rule of law and promote sustainable development and human rights

As noted in the introduction to this lesson, the world's population is currently close to ______________.

7.9 billion people

In 2019, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at:

79.5 million

What percentage of global agricultural lands do animals raised for food take up?

80%

What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age groups in a population?

A population pyramid

According to the UN's 2020 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.5 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.6 billion by 2050.

China / India

The analyst points to a 15-year, $10 billion U.S. effort in which country as a model for what's needed in Central America?

Colombia

Population projections are not predictions but rather represent a calculation of future population size based on a set of assumptions or variants, including expected fertility rate. Which of the following variants project that the world's total population will surpass 9 billion people by 2100 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Constant Fertility Variant

Which countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population?

Countries in Asia

The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize:

Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline

What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"?

Demography

What are the most effective ways to lower birth rates?

Empowering women and increasing women's access to education

Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization?

More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

What is a key challenge of aging populations?

Smaller cohorts of young people coming into the labor force to support elderly populations

Critics of the demographic transition model argue that:

The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard

Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide?

the United States

Match the term to its definition.

IB, U, R, I, E see picture

"Brain Drain" (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

-The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries -Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital

What is replacement fertility (in births per woman)?

Approximately 2.1 births per woman

By the end of the 21st century, which of the following regions will see their share decrease while still holding the largest share of the world's population?

Asia

In which region are the world's three largest cities found?

asia

Which country has been known for its "one child policy"?

china

The video points to which country as having the highest homicide rates in the world?

el Salvador

How many unaccompanied minors entered the U.S. during the 2014 crisis?

60,000-80,000

What are some of the uneven effects brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic felt by people of color in London?

-A significant gap in health outcomes between White, Asian, and Black communities admitted to hospital with complications from COVID-19 -When looking at survival at 30 days, patients of Black and Asian ethnicity had an increased risk of death -Those of Asian and Black ethnicity were younger and fitter and were dying from COVID-19

Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-China's population is projected to peak by 2030 at 1.5 billion and decline to about 1.4 billion by 2050 -By 2050, India's population is projected to reach 1.6 billion people

What has the Human Genome Project found that tells us that variations in health outcomes based on race and ethnicity are linked to something other than DNA (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-DNA shows that all humans are 99.9% the same -There's more variation within a like group than between single individuals of different groups

Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Environmental decline, such as the overgrazing of land -Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm -Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities

What are some of the reasons why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Improved food production and distribution -Reduced mortality rates

Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Improvement in water quality -Increasing sustainability of food production -Improving the status of women

What are policies undertaken by the former Trump administration with respect to migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Instituting a "zero tolerance" policy at the U.S.-Mexico border, which included separating children from their parents after they crossed into the United States -Drastically reducing the number of refugees accepted for resettlement in the United States -Instituting a travel ban on select Muslim-majority countries -Trying to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA, which grants legal protection to nearly 800,000 immigrants brought to the U.S. as children)

As discussed in the video, why is there so much violence in the Central American states? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

-Legacies of the 1980s civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation -The prevalence of significant amounts of guns -The prevalence of powerful drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S.

What were some negative consequences of the original green revolution (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Loss of local food diversity -Many vulnerable farmers became dependent on expensive and environmentally contaminating pesticides and synthetic fertilizers

When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age -Niger has a youthful population

When looking at the population pyramid for The Netherlands, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-More than 50% of the Dutch population is of working age (15-64 years of age) -About 11% of the population is under ten years of age

Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

-Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from -The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states -The "feminization" of migration, as women are an increasing part of workforces

Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.51 births per woman -The fertility rate in middle-income countries is estimated at about 2.35 births per woman -The fertility rate in high-income countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman

The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

-Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces -Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth

According to the UN Population Division's 2020 analyses, what is the medium variant projection for the world's population by 2100?

10.9 billion people by 2100

What percentage of global calories come from animals raised for food?

20%

What percentage of crops grown goes into feeding livestock?

33%

Where do migrants going through the Darian Gap come from?

Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Cuba, Haiti, and other places around the world

Why is it important today to think about the relationship between population growth and food supply even though the rate at which the global population increases has slowed?

Because of the additional problem of carbon emissions and climate change

U.S. support for international family planning programs:

Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs

The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico?

He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico

What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility"?

It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation

Which of the following statements is correct?

It took the UK 95 years to halve birth rates while Brazil did it in 26 and Iran in 10

What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? Europe, North America and Oceania combined hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean hold ______________ of the world's population.

Less than 20% / more than 80%

In general:

Many LDCs have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many MDCs have enacted policies to increase population growth

If we all lived as densely as people in Manhattan, every human could fit inside ___________.

Norway

How is a country's population size (P) determined?

P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration

Which of the following is an example that shows that genetically modified crops can have good and bad effects?

Pest-killing corn has lowered pesticide use in parts of the world by 90% but has also resulted in some bugs like root worms developing resistance to the bacterial toxin inserted into the corn's DNA

Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that:

Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development

As discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from:

The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones

In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty, and human misery

What is the relationship between expected population growth over the next two decades and climate change?

The vast majority of people (75%) are going to be born in regions hardest hit by climate change

Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources?

Thomas Malthus

The moderator interviews an 11-year old boy who fled to the U.S. by himself because of the extreme drug-gang violence in his country. What country was this boy from?

honduras