Unit 8 HW
List the order of events in cancer progression from first to last.
1. Carcinogen triggers damage to DNA 2. Cells divide uncontrollably 3. Malignant cells form a tumor 4. Invasive cells multiply
By sacrificing electrons, __________ protect molecules such as the DNA in the nucleus from being damaged by free radicals.
Antioxidants
Another name for vitamin C is __________.
Ascorbic acid
Vitamins A, D, E and K are all __________-soluble vitamins.
Fat
The form of folate that is in dietary supplements and is uses to fortify food is __________.
Folic acid
A chemically unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compound is called a __________.
Free radical
Carotenoids, like beta-carotene, can be converted in our body to __________.
Retinol
Preformed Vitamin A is called __________.
Retinol
Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is sign of __________, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency.
Rickets
Carotenoids can be found in __________.
Orange vegetables
Beta-carotene is sometimes referred to as __________.
Provitamin A
The water-soluble vitamins include:
-The B vitamins -Vitamin C
What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?
-The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods. -The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health. -Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts.
The power player vitamins are :
-Thiamin -Riboflavin -Niacin
Which of the following are examples of carcinogens?
-Toxic chemicals -A virus
Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
-Vitamin A -Vitamin D -Vitamin K
Water soluble vitamins include:
-Vitamin B-12 -Niacin -Folic acid
What major role do the power player vitamins have in the body?
They help release energy from absorbed nutrients
Match the power player vitamin on the left with its associated deficiency disease on the right.
Thiamin - beriberi Riboflavin - ariboflavinosis Niacin - pellagra
What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?
-Soft bones -Muscle pain -Misshapen bones
Which of the following are considered roles of vitamins?
-Act as antioxidants -Involved in bone health -Involved in the blood clotting process
Which of the following is true about coenzymes?
-Coenzymes enable an enzyme to function -Coenzymes are made from B vitamins
Some related forms of folate include:
-Food folate -Folic acid
Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins>
-Involved in growth and development -Promote red blood cell formation
The best food sources of riboflavin includes:
-Milk -Enriched bread and cereals
Which foods are good sources of vitamins D?
-Milk -Salmon -Herring
Free radicals can remove electrons and thus damage:
-Proteins -DNA -Fatty acids
Retinol is only found in __________.
Animal foods
A group of chronic diseases characterized by abnormal cell behavior is called __________.
Cancer
A(n) __________ is an environmental factor, such a toxic chemical or virus that triggers cancer.
Carcinogen
An agent such as a virus or a toxic chemical that cause cancer is called a __________.
Carcinogen
The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called __________.
Carotenoids
What is an ion or small molecule that helps an enzyme function?
Coenzyme
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin D?
Cucumbers
The body is able to make vitamin __________ when skin cells are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
D
The best sources of the power player vitamins are __________.
Enriched breads and cereals
How do antioxidants work?
Giving up electrons to free radicals
What is the name of the iron-containing portion of hemoglobin?
Heme
The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is called __________.
Hemoglobin
What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?
Vitamin
Match the vitamin with its function.
Vitamin A - Immune function, growth/development and bone health Thiamin - Energy metabolism Folate - Amino acid metabolism and red blood cell formation
Which vitamin is ascorbic acid?
Vitamin C
Match the vitamin with its function.
Vitamin E - Antioxidant defense Folate - Blood formation Vitamin D - Bone health
Folate, Vitamin B-12, and vitamin C are all examples of __________-soluble vitamins.
Water
Thiamine and riboflavin are __________.
Water soluble vitamins
The B vitamins and vitamin C are __________ vitamins.
Water-soluble
Vitamins provide __________ kilocalories per gram.
Zero