Unit 8 HW

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List the order of events in cancer progression from first to last.

1. Carcinogen triggers damage to DNA 2. Cells divide uncontrollably 3. Malignant cells form a tumor 4. Invasive cells multiply

By sacrificing electrons, __________ protect molecules such as the DNA in the nucleus from being damaged by free radicals.

Antioxidants

Another name for vitamin C is __________.

Ascorbic acid

Vitamins A, D, E and K are all __________-soluble vitamins.

Fat

The form of folate that is in dietary supplements and is uses to fortify food is __________.

Folic acid

A chemically unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compound is called a __________.

Free radical

Carotenoids, like beta-carotene, can be converted in our body to __________.

Retinol

Preformed Vitamin A is called __________.

Retinol

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is sign of __________, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency.

Rickets

Carotenoids can be found in __________.

Orange vegetables

Beta-carotene is sometimes referred to as __________.

Provitamin A

The water-soluble vitamins include:

-The B vitamins -Vitamin C

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

-The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods. -The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health. -Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts.

The power player vitamins are :

-Thiamin -Riboflavin -Niacin

Which of the following are examples of carcinogens?

-Toxic chemicals -A virus

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

-Vitamin A -Vitamin D -Vitamin K

Water soluble vitamins include:

-Vitamin B-12 -Niacin -Folic acid

What major role do the power player vitamins have in the body?

They help release energy from absorbed nutrients

Match the power player vitamin on the left with its associated deficiency disease on the right.

Thiamin - beriberi Riboflavin - ariboflavinosis Niacin - pellagra

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?

-Soft bones -Muscle pain -Misshapen bones

Which of the following are considered roles of vitamins?

-Act as antioxidants -Involved in bone health -Involved in the blood clotting process

Which of the following is true about coenzymes?

-Coenzymes enable an enzyme to function -Coenzymes are made from B vitamins

Some related forms of folate include:

-Food folate -Folic acid

Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins>

-Involved in growth and development -Promote red blood cell formation

The best food sources of riboflavin includes:

-Milk -Enriched bread and cereals

Which foods are good sources of vitamins D?

-Milk -Salmon -Herring

Free radicals can remove electrons and thus damage:

-Proteins -DNA -Fatty acids

Retinol is only found in __________.

Animal foods

A group of chronic diseases characterized by abnormal cell behavior is called __________.

Cancer

A(n) __________ is an environmental factor, such a toxic chemical or virus that triggers cancer.

Carcinogen

An agent such as a virus or a toxic chemical that cause cancer is called a __________.

Carcinogen

The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called __________.

Carotenoids

What is an ion or small molecule that helps an enzyme function?

Coenzyme

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin D?

Cucumbers

The body is able to make vitamin __________ when skin cells are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation.

D

The best sources of the power player vitamins are __________.

Enriched breads and cereals

How do antioxidants work?

Giving up electrons to free radicals

What is the name of the iron-containing portion of hemoglobin?

Heme

The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is called __________.

Hemoglobin

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

Vitamin

Match the vitamin with its function.

Vitamin A - Immune function, growth/development and bone health Thiamin - Energy metabolism Folate - Amino acid metabolism and red blood cell formation

Which vitamin is ascorbic acid?

Vitamin C

Match the vitamin with its function.

Vitamin E - Antioxidant defense Folate - Blood formation Vitamin D - Bone health

Folate, Vitamin B-12, and vitamin C are all examples of __________-soluble vitamins.

Water

Thiamine and riboflavin are __________.

Water soluble vitamins

The B vitamins and vitamin C are __________ vitamins.

Water-soluble

Vitamins provide __________ kilocalories per gram.

Zero


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