Unit XIV Module 76: Group Behavior
Social facilitation
Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Culture
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Group polarization
The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
Norms
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior, these prescribe "proper" behavior. Ex: The British have a ____ for orderly waiting in line.
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Ex: Food-fights, vandalism, rioting, cyber bullying, etc.
Groupthink
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Minority influence
The power of one or two individuals to sway minorities.
Social loafing
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
• People acting as part of a group feel less accountable, and therefore worry less about what others think • Group members may view their individual contributions as dispensable (Harkins & Szymanski, 1989; Kerr & Brunn, 1983) • When group members share equally in the benefits, regardless of how much they contribute, some may slack off. Unless highly motivated and strongly identified with the group, people any free ride on others' efforts.
What 3 things cause social loafing?
Social control: The power of the situation Personal control: The power of the individual
What Is the difference between social control and personal control?
When others observe us, we become aroused, and this arousal amplifies our other reactions. (However, it strengthens our most likely response, the correct one on an easy task, an incorrect one on a difficult task).
Why do we perform better when other people are there?