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escharotomy
A client has a third-degree burn on the leg. The wound is being treated by the open method. After about 4 days, a hard crust has formed around the leg and is impairing the circulation to the leg. What procedure would be done to relieve pressure on the affected area?
Lactated Ringers (LR)
A client has partial-thickness burns on both lower extremities and portions of the trunk. Which IV fluid does the nurse plan to administer first?
Sinus Bradycardia
A client is diagnosed with an arrhythmia at a rate slower than 60 beats/minute with a regular interval between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds. What type of arrhythmia does the client have?
Curling's ulcer
A client sustained second- and third-degree burns over 30% of the body surface area approximately 72 hours ago. What type of ulcer should the nurse be alert for while caring for this client?
avoid devices with magnetic fields
A nurse is caring for a client who has had an automatic cardiac defibrillator implanted. What instructions should the nurse provide to the client?
defibrillation
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting ventricular tachycardia (VT). Because the client is pulseless, the nurse should prepare for what intervention?
Hemodilution
A nurse provides care for a client with deep partial-thickness burns 48 hours after the burn. What would cause a reduced hematocrit in this client?
Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation
A nurse provides morning care for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU). Suddenly, the bedside monitor shows ventricular fibrillation and the client becomes unresponsive. After calling for assistance, what action should the nurse take next?
hypercalcemia
Bradydysrhythmias, blocks, cardiac arrest
hypokalemia
Bradydysrhythmias, conduction blocks
Hypomagnesemia
Dysrhythmias (Torsades, a form of V-Tac, is treated with magnesium)
Contractility
Force generated by the contracting myocardium
A urine output consistently above 40 ml/hour
In an industrial accident, a client who weighs 155 lb (70 kg) sustained full-thickness burns over 40% of his body. He's in the burn unit receiving fluid resuscitation. Which finding shows that the fluid resuscitation is benefiting the client?
singed nasal hair, hoarseness, voice change, stridor, burns of the face or neck, sooty or bloody sputum, and tachypnea
Indicators of possible pulmonary damage include
hyperkalemia
Long PR, Wide QRS, asystole, tall peaked T-waves (used on death row)
Hypermagnesemia
Long PR, Wide QRS, bradycardia, tall peaked T waves
Atrial Dysrhythmias
Originate in the atria Have a p-wave (but some rhythms have abnormal p-waves) Have a narrow QRS complex
Afterload
Resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle; systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance
hypocalcemia
Tachydysrhythmias, cardiac arrest
cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle during a given period; resting adult is about 5 L/min
Poor urine output may indicate inadequate perfusion to the kidneys
The client asks the nurse what urine output has to do with cardiac function. What is the best response by the nurse?
cardiac dysrhythmias
Which of the following is a common complication of an electrical burn injury?
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
______ is as an irregularly fast or erratic heartbeat (arrhythmia) that affects the heart's upper chambers
Dysrythmia (Arrhythmia)
is a disorder of the formation or conduction (or both) of the electrical impulse within the heart, altering the heart rate, heart rhythm, or both and potentially causing altered blood flow
40-45 bpm
the bundle of hiss will generate a rate of
40-45 bpm
the left and right bundle branches generate a rate of
Sinus Bradycardia
an arrhythmia that proceeds normally through the conduction pathway but at a slower than usual (less than 60 beats/minute) rate.
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood ejected per heartbeat Single "stroke" of the heart Determined by preload, afterload, and contractility
Lund and Browder method
A young child is being evaluated for an area of burn involvement. The nurse knows the most accurate method of assessing the total body surface area is through the use of which assessment tool?
40-60 bpm
AV node generate a rate of
Automaticity
Ability to initiate an electrical impulse
Conductivity
Ability to transmit an electrical impulse from one cell to another
ventricular depolarization
During electrical cardioversion, the defibrillator is set to synchronize with the electrocardiogram (ECG) so that the electrical impulse discharges during
Cardiac Action Potential
Controlled by the exchange of electrically charged ions -- sodium, potassium, and calcium -- in and out of cardiac cells (myocytes)
Preload
Degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscles at the end of diastole
60-100 bpm
SA node generates a rate of
normal sinus rhythm
The nurse analyzes a 6-second electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.18 seconds long, and the QRS complexes are 0.08 seconds long. The heart rate is calculated at 70 bpm. The nurse correctly identifies this rhythm as
atrial depolarization
The nurse cares for a client with a dysrhythmia and understands that the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
Hypokalemia
The nurse identifies which of the following as a potential cause of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)?
Atropine
The nurse is assessing a client with symptomatic bradycardia. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the healthcare provider to treat the bradycardia?
Serum, which depletes the body's store of immunoglobulins
The nurse is caring for a client recovering from a major burn. Burns affect the immune system by causing a loss of large amounts of which of the following?
Alert the health care provider of the 3rd degree heart block
The nurse is caring for a client who is displaying a third-degree AV block on the EKG monitor. What is the priority nursing intervention for the client?
Paralytic ileus
The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained a major burn. What serious gastrointestinal disturbance should the nurse monitor for that frequently occurs with a major burn?
arterial flutter
The nurse is monitoring a patient in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) following a coronary artery bypass graft, observing a regular ventricular rate of 82 beats/min and "sawtooth" P waves with an atrial rate of approximately 300 beat/min. How does the nurse interpret this rhythm?
Delayed conduction, producing a prolonged PR interval
The nurse is observing the monitor of a patient with a first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. What is the nurse aware characterizes this block?
ventricular tachycardia
The nurse working in the emergency department places a client in anaphylactic shock on a cardiac monitor and sees the cardiac rhythm shown. Which dysrythmia should the nurse document?
20-40 bpm
The purkinje fibers generate a rate of
Sawtooth
The staff educator is presenting a class on cardiac dysrhythmias. How would the educator describe the characteristic pattern of the atrial waves in atrial flutter?
It is used to eliminate ventricular arrhythmias
The staff educator is teaching a class in arrhythmias. What statement is correct for defibrillation?
