University of Kansas Biology 100 Test 4 Class 16 Study Guide

A phylogenetic tree represents

a grouping of organisms on the basis of evolutionary history

An organism that is eukaryotic and photosynthetic is

a plant or a protist

Which statement is true about all animals? a. They are all multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs b. They all have an endoskeleton and bilateral symmetry c. They are all single-celled species that can make their own food d. They all have segmented body parts

a. They are all multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs

An organism that is eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic is

an animal or a fungus

An organism that is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and lacks cell walls is

an animal or a protist

All animals are descended from

ancestral protist

Which would not be a member of the domain Eukarya? a. a fish b. a mushroom c. a slime mold d. a proteobacteria e. a rose

d. a proteobacteria

Walking past a pond in Olympic National Forest, you spot the head of an animal that is swimming through the water. You can clearly see that the animal has fur but can't see anything else. Based on your observation, you know that the animal is a a. vertebrate b. mammal c. bird d. vertebrate and a mammal e. vertebrate and a bird

d. vertebrate and a mammal

Hiking in the Himalayas, you have discovered a new high-elevation valley surrounded by towering mountain peaks. You obviously expect to find prokaryotes in the hospitable environments, such as meadows and streams. Where else would you expect to find them? a. Living in glacial ice on the mountainsides b. Inside the intestines of the mammals that live in the valley c. Deep underground in mountain caves d. In salt-evaporation ponds e. All of the answers are correct.

e. All of the answers are correct

Select the statement that correctly describes the evolutionary relationships among the domains of life. a. Archaea and Bacteria do not share a common ancestor with Eukarya. b. The genetic distances among Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are about the same. c. Archaea and Bacteria are more closely related than Archaea and Eukarya. d. Archaea and Eukarya do not share a common ancestor with Bacteria. e. Archaea and Eukarya are more genetically similar than Archaea and Bacteria.

e. Archaea and Eukarya and more genetically similar than Archaea and Bacteria

Which term can be used to describe a protist? a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. decomposer d. saprotroph e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Prokaryotes lack which of these organelles? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi bodies e. all of these

e. all of these

Organisms are placed into one or another of the three domains of life on the basis of

evolutionary history as assessed by genetic relatedness

What term describes an organism that can live in boiling water?

extremophile

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life? a. Animalia b. Eukarya c. Bacteria d. Archaea e. Plantae f. Neither Animalia nor Plantae is a domain of life g. All of these are domains of life

f. Neither Animalia nor Plantae is a domain of life

According to scientists, how many species exist on Earth today?

5 to 30 million

What is an autotroph?

An organism that makes its own food

Humans belong to the domain Eukarya; therefore, humans are more closely related to _________ than _________.

Archaea; Bacteria

What are the three domains?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What phylogenetic evidence supports the conclusion that crocodiles are more closely related to birds than lizards?

Crocodiles and birds share a more recent common ancestor than crocodiles and lizards

On the basis of their DNA, select the answer that places the following species on the evolutionary tree in order according to their relatedness to their common ancestor. Differences from the common ancestor are in parenthesis. Common ancestor: ATCGCTATCGA Species A: AT(G)GCT(T)TCGA Species B: AT(G)GCT(T)TC(A)A Species C: AT(G)GCTATCGA Basically, which one is most related, which is second, and which is the furthest? A. 1: Species A, 2: Species B, 3: Species C B. 1: Species A, 2: Species C, 3: Species B C. 1: Species B, 2: Species A, 3: Species C D. 1: Species C, 2: Species A, 3: Species B E. 1: Species C, 2: Species B, 3: Species A

D. 1: Species C, 2: Species A, 3: Species B

What is the order of taxonomic classification from most general to most specific?

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (Mnemonics - Donkey Kong's Pet Came Over For Good Soup. Dumb Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach)

Why is the Archaea domain closer to Eukarya than Bacteria?

Genetically, the Archaea are more similar to Eukarya than Bacteria.

Why do ferns not grow as tall as gymnosperms and angiosperms?

The cell walls of fern vascular tissue are not sufficiently rigid to support the growth of taller ferns

What do birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish all have in common?

They all share a common ancestor with the echinoderms

What characteristic do the plant-like protists share?

They are able to photosynthesize

At least some Archaeans are called "extremophiles" because

They can live in environments where abiotic conditions are extreme - extremely hot, extremely salty, extremely toxic, for example

Protists share this feature with other eukaryotes

They have a nucleus

What feature do all members of Eukarya share?

They have a nucleus

How is digestion in yeasts, molds, and mushrooms similar?

They release digestive enzymes from specialized cells onto food sources and then absorb the nutrients

You find an animal with no backbone, a body in three segments, jointed appendages, and a hard exoskeleton. You determine that this animal is a(n)

arthropod

Which statement is false? a. all organisms belong to one of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya b. Once an organism is classified, the classification cannot change c. DNA evidence can be used to classify organisms d. Humans belong to the domain Eukarya e. Prokaryotes can be found in both the Archaea and Bacteria domains

b. Once an organism is classified, the classification cannot change

Which of the following BEST describes the three domains of life and their evolutionary relationships? a. Prokarya and Archaea both consist of prokaryotic organisms, so they are more closely related to each other than either is to Eukarya. b. Prokarya and Archaea both consist of prokaryotic organisms, but Archaea is more closely related to Eukarya than it is to Prokarya. c. Prokarya consists of prokaryotes, whereas both Archaea and Eukarya consist of eukaryotes. Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to Prokarya. d. Prokarya consists of prokaryotes, whereas both Archaea and Eukarya consist of eukaryotes. Prokarya, however, is more closely related to Eukarya than either is to Archaea. e. None of the answers are correct.

b. Prokarya and Archaea both consist of prokaryotic organisms, but Archaea is more closely related to Eukarya than it is to Prokarya

When examining archaea, which of the following is not a trait that you could expect to find? a. ability to grow at high temperatures b. a nucleus c. ability to grow at extremely acidic pH d. a cell wall e. ability to survive in a high-salt environment

b. a nucleus

Which statement is false about protists? a. Protists are a highly diverse group. b. Some protists are heterotrophic. c. Protists form a genetically distinct evolutionary group. d. Some protists are unicellular and others are multicellular. e. Protists can be classified as plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like.

c. Protists form a genetically distinct evolutionary group

All of the following are TRUE of fungi, EXCEPT a. they can be single celled or multicelled b. they are eukaryotic c. they are autotrophs d. they have cell walls made of chitin e. they secrete digestive enzymes onto their food and then absorb the products

c. they are autotrophs

An animal with a rigid backbone would belong to which phylum?

chordate

What is the most important characteristic used to classify organisms as eukaryotes?

membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

What is a bacteria that are considered harmful to humans to to the toxins they can create?

pathogens

On a phylogenetic tree, the _______ represents the most recent common ancestor shared by all of the organisms depicted in the tree.

root