UNL HIST 222 Final Exam

Title IX

"No person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance"

Changes Brought by TV

1) People in the suburbs did not want to go into town to attend the game, so they just watched it instead. 2) The games crappy angles and broadcasting turned fans off of the sport all together and pushed to football and boxing.

Reasons Basketball were invented

1) To span the time between football season and baseball season 2) restore order in gym classes among the competitors bored with gymnastics

NCAA Tournament

A 1970 NCAA rule made this tournament THE tournament to get invited to. Disallowing teams to play in multiple post-season tournaments allowed for this tournament to crown the official national champion.

Harry Wills

A Black boxer that was a challenger to Dempsey for the boxing title. Was not granted the fight because of his race.

Original Celtics

A barnstorming professional basketball team in the 1920s. There is no relation to the modern Boston Celtics. Often credited with extending the reach of basketball across America and for establishing the importance of aggressive defensive play. As a group, the team was enshrined into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959.

Hank Luisetti

A basketball star for Stanford. Was a pioneer in the art of the "Jump Shot" and showed it off at the Garden Games

Old Q

A con-man or gambler. He would bet on anything except his own death.

The Long Count

A count that helped Gene Tunney beat Jack Dempsey. Spectators believe that Tunney had been knocked down for much longer than 9 seconds when the officials allowed the match to continue.

Jack Dempsey

A great fighter in the era after WW1. This boxer fought against a frenchmen and the fight was highly promoted

Harlem Globetrotters

A group of black basketball players from Chicago named the savory big 5 was relocated to New York and would be known for their showmanship.

1960's Baseball Rule Changes

A larger strike zone was added to speed up games. Lowered mound height from 15 inches to 10. Umpires would call balls and strikes based on a De Facto Strike Zone and not the one in the rulebook. Designated hitter added to the American League.

Gibson Girl

A tall, slim, athletic-looking girl. This image helped change America's views on athletic women.

Battle of the Sexes

A tennis match against Riggs (male) and King (female) that would be watched by 40 milling people. King won but males claimed it was because she was younger.

AAGBBL

ALL-American Girls Baseball League. Would fold in 1954 because of internal league issues.

NCAA Sanity Code

Allowed Colleges to pay for athletes school tuition if the student met academic levels and shows financial need.

New Age of Pitcher

Along with the new larger strike zone, better defensive equipment, and larger parks made the game easier for pitchers.

BCS

Bowl Championship Series

Rocky Marciano

Boxer that went 49-0 in his career.

Civil War and Boxing

Boxing lived on through the civil war. Many soldier would box during ceasefires.

Tex Rickard

Boxing promoter that created some of the biggest crowds for fights that the sport had ever seen.

John L. Sullivan

Challenged anyone in the world to beat him. if someone did, they would win somewhere from 1,000 to 10,000 dollars. Later became the Heavyweight Champion.

Walter Byers

Changed the rules to allow schools to award scholarships based on athletic ability alone.

First Era of Modern Baseball

Era in baseball where attendance struggled, dynasties dominated, teams expanded/relocated, and rule changes helped pitchers.

Second Era of Modern Baseball

Era in baseball where the league had its' first major expansion and addition of a new strike zone with some other rule changes.

Third Era of Modern Baseball

Era in baseball where the league had its' second major expansion with the addition of the Wild Card and issues with PEDs.

Baseball Relocation

In 1956 the owner of the dodgers wanted to relocate and convinced the owner of the giants to follow him to California. The Senators moved to Minneapolis, the Braves moved to Milwaukee, the A's moved to Kansas City, the Browns moved to Baltimore. This left only Chicago as a city with 2 teams before the first expansion in the 1960's

Performance Enhancing Drugs

In the 90's __________ were a large reason for baseball's reemergence into pop culture. Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, Mark McGwire and many more used these to break many records like the Home run record.

Baseball Expansion

In the early 60's: Washington and Los Angeles were each granted an American League team. New York and Houston were each granted a National League team. Beginning in 1969: baseball added 2 more teams to each league and needed a realignment. This created 2 divisions per league.

4-Team Playoff

In the summer of 2012, this post season solution was made to end the argument on if the # 3 or 4 team in the nation could beat # 1. It just led to more arguing.

Bob Knight

Indiana Head coach that won 3 nation championships. nicknamed the "General" and amassed 902 wins.

James Naismith

Invented Basketball while being an instructor at the international training school for the YMCA by using peach baskets and a soccer ball

Pitch Count

The practice of counting a pitchers number of pitches thrown and get him out of the game around 100.

Platooning

The strategy of switching a teams lineup based on what handedness the pitcher was. Gives an advantage to the batting team. Invented by Casey Stengel.

Conference Realignments

These Realignments in college football were needed when most teams were not big enough to attract their own TV contact. The teams that could attract one would choose not to be in a conference like Notre Dame.

Tom Osborne

Winning 3 National Championships with Nebraska, this coach was voted the greatest college coach of all time by ESPN in 2007.

Celtics Dynasty

With the addition of Red Auerbach for head coach and GM positions, this dynasty would include players such as Bob Cousy and Bill Russell.

Golden Age of the NBA

With the combination of The Bird-Magic Rivalry and Micheal Jordan, this age in basketball occurred at the sports most popular time in America. David Stern was also a large part in the popularity.

Second Expansion

With the new team additions in 1977, the MLB was at 28 teams where they did another realignment.

WNBA

Woman's National Basketball League

Billie Jean King

Would act as the most notable female tennis player during the Open Era of tennis in the 60's. Would beat Riggs in the battle of the sexes

Howard Cosell

sports reporter than interview Muhammad Ali. They liked each other and this interview helped helped get some of Ali's fights broadcasted.

Offensive Formations

I-formation from Maryland. Wishbone offense from Texas. Veer Formation at Houston.

Babe Didrikson

She wanted to be the greatest athlete in the world regardless of gender. Was one of the founding members of the LPGA in 1950.

Philip K. Wrigley

Owner of the Chicago Cubs, this man and Branch Rickey wanted to start a professional softball league. Named AAGBBL

Julius Erving

Played for the Virginia Squires in the ABA. Lead the Slam Dunk Movement. Would go on to play for the 76ers in the NBA.

Bill Russell

Players were traded in order for the Boston Celtics to move up in the draft to take this player before Minneapolis did. Allowed the Celtic Dynasty to begin. Went to college in San Francisco.

Bob Cousy

Point Guard for the Boston Celtics. Ended up with Celtics after the team didn't want him. made 13 All-Star teams

Bowls

Rose Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl became popular post season games that awarded the winning school money.

Gertrude Ederle

Swimmer who fit the Flapper image perfectly

True Womanhood

The idea that women were made from a finer clay than man. This cult did not want women to attend higher learning.

Abe Saperstein

The man who organized the Harlem Globetrotters and recruiting new players for either side

NBA

The merger of the NBL and BAA in 1949 created the _______

New Woman

The opposite of true womanhood, this would involve women taking full advantage of what society has to offer them.

The Great White Hope

White boxers that would beat Jack Johnson in order to return the title back to the white class. Eventually, Jess Willard knocked Johnson out.

ABA

American Basketball Association. Had teams such as the Pacers, Nuggets, Nets, and Spurs.

Helen Wills

American tennis player that faced off against Lenglen. The match brought in more excitement than the Olympics. Lenglen would win the match.

Point Shaving

An act were players would purposely "take it easy" to earn money because of a gambling point spread on the game.

Garden Games

An organized basketball double header tournament where local (NYC) basketball teams would face the top basketball teams in the country. The games would take place in Madison Square Garden

Flapper

An outgoing female who "wore her emotions on her sleeve". Seen in the 1920's

Nebraska Football

As a charter member of the Big 8, this schools football team would be nationally recognized for having a passionate fanbase and deep roots. Originally called the Bugeaters, this team would change its name in 1900. "Bummy" Booth's undefeated season allowed for the popularity of this schools' team to rise. Legendary coaches such as Tom Osborne and Bob Devaney changed this football program.

AIAW

Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women. Organized female sports after Title IX passed.

BAA

Basketball Association of America

Phog Allen

Basketball Coach of the University of Kansas from 1919 to 1956. (succeeded Naismith as coach at Kansas) Was a top winningest coach in college basketball

Larry Bird

Basketball player from Indiana State. Went on to play for the Boston Celtics. Was selected a year before coming out of college to play in the NBA. Played for the Dream Team.

Magic Johnson

Basketball player from Michigan State. Went on to play for the Los Angeles Lakers. Career ended when Diagnosed with HIV. Played for the Dream Team.

Michael Jordan

Basketball player from North Carolina. Went on to play for the Chicago Bulls. Retired from basketball to play minor league baseball for a year (murder of his father). Won 6 Championships with bulls. Was revolutionary in branding with Nike.

George Mikan

Basketball player that led the Minneapolis Lakers to their first titles. Was the only driving force in that Minneapolis Dynasty. Retired around when Bill Russell joined the league.

James J. Corbett

Beat Sullivan with strategy and science. Fought in first match to use the new rules for a Boxing Title.

Jack Johnson

Became the first dominating black boxer. The white community would be in search for a Great White Hope to defeat him.

UCLA

Became the first great college basketball dynasty lead by John Wooden. Combined for a record 88 consecutive wins over two seasons.

John Wooden

Became the head coach of the UCLA Bruins in 1948. Would win 10 national championships at UCLA.

Polls

Coach's poll and AP top 25 could be seen every year in college football.

Wilt Chamberlain

Considered one of most dominated players in basketball history. Needed changes to the game's rules to limit him. Often faced triple team defenders in college. Played for the Harlem Globetrotters between college and the NBA

Cage game

Continuous game of basketball where there was no out of bounds because of a cage surrounding the entire court.

Sugar Ray Leonard

Defeated Roberto Duran and won a gold metal in the 1976 Olympics

Gene Tunney

Fought Jack Dempsey for the the Boxing title in 1926 and beat him by decision. Rematched him the next year on the same day and beat him again with the help of the long count.

Oberlin College

Founded in Ohio, this was the first college in the US to allow women and blacks in 1833.

Suzanna Lenglen

French tennis player. was the First international female superstar.

Bob Devaney

Head Football coach for the Huskers starting in 1962. led them to 2 consecutive National Championships and promoted Tom Osborne to head coach when he stepped down.

Mike Krzyzewski

Head coach of Duke where he surpassed his 1,000th win in 2015

University of Kansas Basketball

Hired Naismith as first basketball coach and university's chapel director. Midwestern school that would become a basketball power. (Naismith had a losing record as a coach here)

Muhammad Ali

Known as Cassius Clay, would eveually change his name because of his conversion to Islam. Would be a force in the Boxing and Racial Movement world. Used the tactic of the rope-a-dope because it tired his opponents.

Casey Stengel

Manager of the Yankees from 1949 to 1960. Came up with the platoon system in baseball.

Penn State Scandal

Scandal in which Joe Paterno and his' school would be remembered forever. One of his assistant coaches was charged with child molestation of underaged boys on university property.

Marquess of Queensbury (Rules)

Set of 12 rules that would define boxing and help organize the game. Created by the 8th Marquess of Queensbury.

David Stern

NBA Commissioner in 1984 that brought in the golden age of the NBA.

NBL

National Basketball League

Ned Irish

Organized the Garden Games in 1934 after working on the Relief games during the great depression. Would go on to own the New York Knickerbockers.

Original 13 rules of Basketball

Original rules of basketball published by Naismith 1) The ball may be thrown in any direction. 2) The ball may be batted, but never with the fist. 3) A player cannot run with the ball. 4) The ball must be held by the hands. 5) No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. 6) A foul is striking at the ball with the fist 7) If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents 8) A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there. 9) When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. (5-sec rule applied with foul) 10) The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls. 11)The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. 12) The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. 13) The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

Originally named Lew Alcindor, This player was a dominating force for UCLA and the Lakers. Changed his name because of his conversion to the Muslim faith.

Red Auerbach

The Head Coach and GM of the Boston Celtics starting in 1950

March Madness

The NCAA tournament expanded to a 64 team tournament in 1985 and was dubbed "_________________" was also considered a television spectacle while tv ratings triple.

Wild Card

The Second expansion caused an expansion in the playoff system which would be known as the _____________

NIT

Tournament that started in 1938. would crown the national champion of college basketball. In 1938 - 6 team tournament. In 1941 - 8 team tournament. (increased with level of team skill). The Tournament was always held in NYC. A decrease in interest of the NIT spurred from the dislike of corruption in the urban areas.

Tom Molineaux

Was a former American slave that boxed in England. lost to Tom Cribb.

Nancy Lieberman

Was the first female basketball superstar. Helped the WBL survive for a while. Helped the WNBA get going even though she was 38 at the time.

Sugar Ray Robinson

Was the first lower-weight champion to be popular in boxing. Has been called the greatest fighter pound for pound.

Mike Tyson

Was the youngest heavyweight champion of all time at the age of 20. Has a face tattoo.