Uppers, Downers, and All Arounders 8th ed. Chapter 2

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approx.

20- 30 mins

True

A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.

False

Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a high concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration

True

Addictive substances affect how neurons can down-regulate their brain receptors

True

Because the blood-brain barrier is not formed until a child is one to two years of age, any psychoactive substance used byba pregnant woman can be particularly harmful to a developing fetus.

false

Contact absorption through drug saturated patches applied to the skin allow errqcric amounts of drugs to be passively absorbed into the body over an indefinite period of time.

False

Dendritic spines or "memory bumps" grown in the synapse when the nerve is stimulated by sensory input.

Which Statement is true regarding IV drug use?

IV drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.

Cross-tolerance

Is when a person develops tolerance to other, similar drugs in the same category

False

Passive transport occurs when water-soluble drugs such as cocaine cross the blood-brain barrier by hitching a ride on molecules that cross the BBB.

True

Synapses are able to change strength and function when a pathway is stressed, overused, or underused, such as by the intake of psychoactive substances.

True

The CNS is comprised of the spinal cord and the brain

Down regulation of a brain cells receptors occur when a person uses drugs and

The cells retract receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters

True

The compulsive gambler's addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions.

Amygdala

The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place or thing, that reminds them of their addiction.

False

The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its CNS target, the less reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.

Dopamine

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse

False

The most rapid route of administering a drug to The brain is intravenously

DSM

The name of the primary evaluation document used in the U.S. to assess whether a person has a substance- related disorder

Compulsion

The progression from abuse to addiction is most influenced by_______

False

Tolerance to the mental effects of drugs always develops at the same rate as tolerance to the drugs physical effects

Allostatis

When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body's natural balance, a "new normal" is created

False

drugs promote a homeopathic condition in the central nervous system

Sequence of fastest to slowest routes of drug administration

inhaling (smoke), injecting (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage), oral ingestion

true

when the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositions tolerance.