UPPP 107
What are the primary goals of the Environmental Impact statement?
- Provide opportunities for interested parties to comment on any large projects reading government review - allow for public participation in development projects - promote transparency in government development practices
Sustainable development planning can be described as ______.
1. promoting development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" 2. development with goals of promoting environmental quality, social equity, and economic development 3. development that promotes the ability for society to maintain economic, environmental, and social balance over a long period of time
When did the automobile edge out the streetcar as a mode of transportation in Los Angeles?
1920s
California home prices are currently ________ percent above the national average.
250
Affordable housing is considered to be a housing unit that may be purchased or rented for no more than ______ percent of a household's income.
30
Through ___, the state of California has strengthened regional planning efforts and encouraged building for sustainable communities.
Assembly Bill 32
What was the significance of the Mammoth v. Board of Supervisors of Mono County court ruling?
CEQA law applies to all private projects receiving some sort of governmental approval.
What American city was transformed into the "White City" (a temporary city of plaster structures)?
Chicago
______ centers around rehabilitation and preservation, as opposed to Urban Renewal's approach of demolish and rebuild.
Community Development
A(n)________ is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment.
EIR
Which of the following Acts delays protection until the time a species is actually listed as endangered or threatened; only grants protection for a species threatened or endangered throughout its entire range; and considers damage to habitat as equivalent to destroying or killing an endangered plant or animal species (i.e., "taking")?
Federal Endangered Species Act
______ is the primary funding source for transportation funding at both the federal and state (CA) levels.
Gas Tax
______ policies are most common in suburban areas and counties and towns on the periphery of urban centers.
Growth management
____ are the two defining characteristics of the General Plan.
Physicality (it addresses the entire community); temporality (it addresses the long-term needs of thee community).
which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting a "population forecast" prior to writing the General Plan?
Planners need to determine which populations should be discouraged from moving into a region.
What policy ultimately encourages planners and city officials to seek out developments that bring in sales tax revenue in addition to property tax revenue (i.e., shopping centers instead of single-family housing)?
Proposition 13
Whether planners and local governments should focus on increasing housing production or focus on encouraging fair housing, is an ongoing tension in the implementation of _______.
RHNA
________ involves developing a transportation vision, creating policies and strategies to support the vision, and developing transportation goals for a long-term horizon, while a blank __________ involves prioritizing proposed transit projects, matching current projects with available funds, and operates under a short-term horizon.
Regional Transportation Plan; Transportation Improvement Plan
Under the _______, any time land is subdivided in order to be leased, sold, or financed, the subdivision must be approved by the appropriate city or county legislative body.
Subdivision Map Act
For at least 60 years, a basic tenet of American public policy is to use the planning process to try to revive inner-city neighborhoods. Overall, these efforts have been largely successful
True
If a project was approved by the Planning Staff (rather than the City Council or Planning Commission), then the project was not subject to CEQA.
True
In redevelopment practices, powers of eminent domain were often used to transfer property from one private land owner to another private party, rather than from private party to government.
True
when a government takes privately owned property through eminent domain, the government must compensate the owner for the value of what is taken.
True
A 'gentrifier' is described as ________.
a middle-class person who moves into a disinvested context at a time when other people are doing the same
Aside from the highly political nature of transportation planning, _______ is a difficult barrier to implementing transportation projects.
acquiring the funding
A planner who sees their role as transforming political and economic structures within city planning could be considered a planner as a(n)
agent of radical change
The practice of allowing developers to build a greater residential densities (increased number of housing units) if they include a certain percentage of low and moderate income housing is called ____
bonus or incentive zoning.
The floor-area-ratio (FAR) is expressed as a ratio of _______.
building square footage to square footage of land
___ are two most powerful tools in carrying out the physical plan.
capital investments; land use control
Through zoning, the _____ gains some control over the use of the property, without having ownership. Through eminent domain, the ____ gains control over the property, by acquiring ownership.
community; city
______________ creates problems with both user collection (i.e., getting riders to public transit stations) and distribution (i.e., getting the rider from transit stops to final destinations).
dispersed suburban land use patterns
___________ is a process by which local governments seek to use planning to guide private investment and business activity toward the goals the local government wants to achieve.
economic development
the right of the government to take private property for public purposes is _____
eminent domain
What does the 'access' approach to transportation planning mean?
ensuring diverse goods and services are available to people, despite needing different modes to get there
Since 1970, ___ legislation has been the major shaper of environmental planning and the nation's efforts to deal with environmental problems.
federal
What ongoing "battle" is illustrated in the landmark case Euclid vs. Ambler, and what was the ultimate outcome?
fights over land use between regulators and property owners; constitutionality of zoning
Which of the following is not a form of land use planning to reduce energy consumption?
imposing minimum insulation programs to encourage retrofitting current housing stock ( requiring that a house be retrofitted to meet current efficiency standards before being sold)
What do Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) and Dr. Kammen (UC Berkely) argue?
in order to solve the climate crisis, we have to solve the housing crisis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that made nineteenth century cities so densely concentrated?
inexpensive rail meant that workers could live in rural areas and commute to cities from work.
Which of thee following was NOT a force that largely drove suburbanization in America>
investment in public transportation infrastructure within city cores.
Which of the following was NOT an unintended negative consequence of urban renewal?
it benefited suburbs, by increasing their tax base
How do citizen groups typically hold developers and local governments accountable?
litigation (suing)
Which of the following is NOT a way that federal government influences local planning?
making determination about how land is zoned (creating local land use zoning maps)
Which of the following is a limitation for planners in revitalizing inner-city neighborhoods?
planning tools designed for addressing distressed neighborhoods are not targeted to be flexible to the specific needs of different neighborhoods
____ is the right of a community to regulate the activities of private parties in order to protect public interests and gives zoning legitimacy as a planning tool.
police power
In order to be permitted a zoning variance, the property owner must demonstrate that the current zoning ordinance________.
presents a hardship
Which of the following is typically NOT a characteristic of environmental planning?
preserving the environment in its natural state
___ goals include using planning strategies to distribute wealth and opportunity as well as influence the political process to be more inclusive.
redistributive
Which of the following DOES NOT fall under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)?
requiring that remediation efforts address all contamination completely
Why is revision of the General Plan necessary?
revising the General Plan periodically legitimizes the plan and institutionalizes planning as an activity in the community.
___ characteristics are important factors for planners to consider when siting development projects, because they impact the ability for land to absorb water and can affect the type of buildings that can be constructed.
soil
Goals of environmental quality, social equity, and economic development define _____.
sustainable development
Using legal powers and financial resources to push out less economically productive business (e.g., a family-owned grocery store) and bring in more economically productive business (e.g., a Walmart Super Store) exemplifies ________.
the fiscalization of land use
What was the primary reason Southern California was an ideal location for the master planned movement?
the political history allowed for landowners to have huge properties untouched from development.
How did Minneapolis-St. Paul address a major obstacle to cooperating and collaborating in land-use planning?
they created a tax-sharing arrangement
According to Stein, how are planners related to processes of gentrification?
they encourage it, by focusing on relationships with developers and real estate managers; however, they can attempt to shift this process through radical planning efforts
Which group is typically NOT considered a "loser" when growth management policies restrict residential growth?
those who own developed property in the community
Directing infill projects to promote use of public transportation and reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is called _____.
transit-oriented development (TOD)
Planners have essentially four options for addressing growth in communities: 1. expand road capacity shift new development 2.to areas with excess road capacity 3.reduce overall amount of development 4.try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes. Which approach forms the basis for SB 375?
try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes
_______ seek to limit growth to specific geographic areas through regulatory restrictions and/or limitations on infrastructure expansion.
urban growth boundaries
______ is the process of giving the title of foreclosed housing units to new owners, under the condition that the housing be brought up to code within a specified time frame.
urban homesteading
Under SB 375, larger numbers of housing units identified through RHNA (the regional housing needs assessment) should be directed at _________.
urban ring suburbs and big cities with compact, dense development and public transit, walking, and cycling opportunities
___ is the most basic characteristic of zoning and restricts the type of development that may be built.
use
____ is a tool that most cities use to govern "uses" (residential, commercial, or industrial) the size of buildings, and how buildings relate to their surroundings, including other buildings, open spaces, and the street.
zoning
