Urinalysis Week 2

Match the following positive urine blood results with the possible conditions which cause them to occur: a) Hemolytic anemia b) Glomerulonephritis c) Severe burns d) Renal calculi e) pyelonephritis 1) Hemoglobinuria 2) Hematuria

A) & 1 B) & 2 C) & 1 D) & 2 E) & 2

The indicator(s) used in the pH test region of the chemical reagent strips for urine is/are (choose all that apply) a) methyl red b) methyl blue c) bromothymol blue d) bromothymol red

A) methyl red & C) bromothymol blue

Excessive carbohydrate loss that may occur due to vomiting, or rapid weight loss may result in the presence of which of the following substances not normally contained in the urine? a) glucose b) bilirubin c) ketones d) urobilinogen

c) ketones

Myoglobinuria is MOST likely to be noted in urine specimens from patients with which of the following disorders? a) hemolytic anemia b) lower urinary tract infection c) massive muscle trauma d) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

c) massive muscle trauma

Which of the following reagent strip tests is based on the Ehrlich - aldehyde reaction? a) pH b) protein c) glucose d) urobilinogen e) specific gravity

d) Urobilinogen

A test that can be used as a confirmatory test for urobilinogen is? a) Acetest b) Ictotest c) Sulkowitch's test d) Watson-Schwartz Test

d) Watson-Schwartz Test

A patient has a bile duct obstruction, the bilirubin test portion of the regent strip is: a) Negative because unconjugated bilirubin is increased and cannot be excreted by the kidneys B) positive because unconjugated bilirubin is increased and is excreted by the kidneys c) negative because conjugated bilirubin is decreased and cannot be excreted by the kidneys d) positive because conjugated bilirubin is present and is excreted by the kidneys

d) positive because conjugated bilirubin is present and is excreted by the kidneys

How does ion concentration n the urine relate to specific gravity? a) Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases b) Specific gravity decreases as ionic concentration increases c) There is no relationship between SG and ionic concentration

a) Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases

Which of the following tests included on a urine reagent strip would never be reported out as negative? a) Urobilinogen b) Bilirubin c) Leukocyte esterase d) blood e) nitrite

a) Urobilinogen

Below is a urinalysis report on a 37 year old woman seen in the ER with headache, hypertension, weight loss and mild edema: Color: red Clarity: cloudy SP. Gravity: 1.010 pH: 5.0 Glucose: negative Protein: 3+ Ketones: negative Nitrite: negative blood: moderate Urobilinogen: normal MICROSCOPIC: 25-50 RBC 2-4 WBC 2-5 granular casts 2-5 hyaline casts 0-2 RBC casts few epithelial cells Based on the urinalysis report above, the MOST probable diagnosis of this patient's condition is: a) acute glomerulonephritis b) acute pyelonephritis c) acute cystitis d) nephrotic syndrome

a) acute glomerulonephritis

A sample of cerebrospinal fluid is diluted 1:100; the standard 9 squares of a hemocytometer were counted on each side for a total of 18 large squares. Side 1- 186 cells counted Side 2- 184 cells counted total cells= 370 What is the cell count per microliter? [EQUATION: cells/ul= # of cells counted x dilution / # of large squares counted x 0.1 ul (chamber depth)] a) 1.03 x 10^4 b) 2.06 x 10^4 c) 4.62 x 10^4 d) 9.25 x 10^4

b) 2.06 x 10^4

Bence - Jones proteinuria can be seen in all of the following conditions EXCEPT: a) Amyloidosis b) Nephrotic syndrome c) Multiple myeloma d) Macroglobinemia

b) Nephrotic syndrome

Which of the following is not a standard method for measuring the specific gravity of urine? a) SP reagent strips b) Osmolality c) Refractrometry d) hydrometry

b) Osmolality

Which of the following macroscopic findings is MOST consistent with the microscopic finding of casts? a) specific gravity of 1.005 b) positive protein c) alkaline pH d) clear urine

b) positive protein

A 51 year old woman with type 2 Diabetes and high blood pressure has recently started noticing foaming in the toilet bowl following urination. She typically has her urine checked for abnormalities every 3 months. recently, urinalysis indicates an abnormally large concentration of protein in her urine. Given the patient's history, which of the following proteins will likely be found in her urine upon analysis in the lab? a) beta amyloids, because of the damage inflicted on the kidneys by renal disease b) gamma globulins, because of the body's reaction to renal disease c) albumin, which leaks through damaged kidney glomeruli, and appears first in the urine d) IgG heavy chains, indicated by an "M spike" during a routine urinalysis

c) Albumin, which leaks through the damaged kidney glomeruli, and appears first in the urine

Which of the following methods is not a quantitative method for the determination of albumin? a) serum protein electrophoresis b) Nephelometry c) Sulfosalicyclic acid precipitation d) colorimetric spectrophotometry

c) Sulfosalicyclic acid precipitation