Urinary System, Ch 26
osmotic pressure resulting from suspended proteins, drawing water out of the filtrate
BCOP
force of the fluid in the glomerular capsule that opposes the blood pressure in the capillary, pushing solute out the filtrate
CHP
Juxtaglomerular nephrons __________.
Concentrated urine
What is the primary site for secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions into the filtrate?
DCT
In which of the following parts of the nephron does aldosterone control the reabsorption of sodium ions?
DCT and collecting duct
Which mechanism is important in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids when their concentrations in the filtrate are relatively high?
Facilitated
What is the initial factor that determines whether urine will be produced?
Filtration
The amount of filtrate the kidneys produce each minute is the __________.
GFR
amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute
GFR
blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries
GHP
In which of the following areas of the nephron are most nutrients reabsorbed?
PCT
Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily at the ...
PCT
Which portion of the nephron reabsorbs most of the important nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids as well as any plasma proteins?
PCT
ADH stimulates the reabsorption of water in __________.
distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system
Dilation of the afferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole when blood flow and glomerular pressure decline cause __________.
elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels
The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the __________.
capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
What are the opposing forces of the filtration pressure at the glomerulus?
capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure
The thick segments in the nephron loop __________.
contain transport mechanisms that pump materials out of the filtrate
Autoregulation controls the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by __________
dilation of the glomerular capillaries constriction of efferent arterioles dilation of afferent arterioles
Which of the following is NOT a waste product normally found in urine?
glucose
What is the result of the countercurrent multiplication mechanism?
increased solute concentration in the descending limb of the nephron loop
The collecting system in the kidney is responsible for __________.
making final adjustments to the sodium ion concentration and volume of urine
After passage through the nephron loop, the filtrate is __________.
more concentrated
When antidiuretic hormone levels rise, the distal convoluted tubule becomes __________.
more permeable to water; water reabsorption increases
What is the primary site in the nephron where the loss of water, sodium, and potassium ions is regulated?
nephron loop and collecting duct
difference between the pressure pushing water and solutes out of the bloodstream and the pressure pushing water and solutes into the bloodstream
net hydrostatic pressure
Functions of the urinary system
regulation of blood [ ] regulation of blood V removal of organic waste products from body fluids elimination
The capillaries surrounding the nephron loop are called __________.
vasa recta
Which of the following is reabsorbed in the nephron loop?
water, Na+, and Cl-
micturition reflex
Increased afferent impulses from stretch receptors in the urinary bladder facilitate parasympathetic motor neurons in the spinal cord. Relaxation of the external sphincter occurs under voluntary control. Interneurons in the spinal cord relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
In which of the following areas of the nephron would countercurrent multiplication occur?
Nephron loop
Release of ___ leads to an increase in glomerular pressure.
Renin
regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is controlled by ...
Renin is released when the GFR is low. Elevation of blood pressure increases the GFR. Elevation of blood pressure increases the GFR.
In which of the basic processes involved in urine formation does blood pressure force water and solutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries?
filtration
In countercurrent multiplication, the countercurrent refers to the fact that an exchange occurs between __________.
fluids moving in opposite directions
The thin segments in the nephron loop are __________.
freely permeable to water and relatively impermeable to ions and other solutes
Which of the following is the term for the blood pressure in the capillaries of the renal corpuscle?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
outward pressure forcing water and solute molecules across the glomerulus wall?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
What results from the effect of aldosterone along the DCT, the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct?
increased conservation of sodium ions and water