Urinary System
The average output of urine for a normal healthy adult is __.
1 to 1.8 L
Extensions of the renal pelvis that form cup-shaped areas that enclose the tips of the pyramids are called ____.
calyces
The nonselective, passive process performed by the glomerulus that forms blood plasma without blood proteins is called___
filtration
The three processes occurring in the nephron that lead to the formatio of urine are ___.
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
The medial indentation where the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves are connected to the kidney is called the ___.
hilium
The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as ___.
incontinence
The blood vessel carrying blood from the aorta to the kidney is the ___.
renal artery
Renal pyramids are separated by extensions of cortex-like tissue called the ___.
renal columns
What are the three regions of the kidey?
renal cortex, renal medula, renal pelvis
The bladder is able to expand as urine accumulates within it due to the presence of ___.
transitional epithelium
The tube connecting the renal hilum to the bladder is the ___.
ureter
Urine is transported from the bladder to the outside of the body by the ____.
urethra
What substancs move back into the blood through the process of reaborption
water, glucose, amino acids, ions
After filtration what does the filtrate contain?
water, glucose, ions, amino acids
What substances are normally found in urine?
water, salts, nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid) and other substances not needed
The ____ is made of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed.
external urethral sphincter
The involuntary sphicter that keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed is called the ___.
internal urethral sphincter
Where are the kidneys located?
kidneys lie against the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal position between the T13-L3 vertebra
The process of emptying the bladder is referred to as voiding or ___.
micturition
The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine is called the ____.
nephron
The medulla has many triangular regions with a striped appearance called the ____.
renal or medullary pyramids
The inner region of the kidney that forms a flat, basinlike cavity is known as the ___.
renal pelvis
The process that removes ions such as potassium and hydrogen from t he blood and places them into the nephron for removeal from the body as urine is known as ___.
secretion
In males the urethra is part of which systems.
urinary and reproductive
Starting with the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule region is ___.
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
The outermost region of the kidney is known as the ___.
renal cortex
The middle fleshy region of the kidney is known as the ___.
renal medula
What are the functions of the kidneys?
1. Regulate blood volume 2. Dispose of metabolic wastes 3. Convert vitamin D from its inactive to its active form 4. Manufacture Urine 5. Produce hormones that regulate blood cell production
Urine pH is usually around ___.
6