Urinary System

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The average output of urine for a normal healthy adult is __.

1 to 1.8 L

Extensions of the renal pelvis that form cup-shaped areas that enclose the tips of the pyramids are called ____.

calyces

The nonselective, passive process performed by the glomerulus that forms blood plasma without blood proteins is called___

filtration

The three processes occurring in the nephron that lead to the formatio of urine are ___.

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

The medial indentation where the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves are connected to the kidney is called the ___.

hilium

The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as ___.

incontinence

The blood vessel carrying blood from the aorta to the kidney is the ___.

renal artery

Renal pyramids are separated by extensions of cortex-like tissue called the ___.

renal columns

What are the three regions of the kidey?

renal cortex, renal medula, renal pelvis

The bladder is able to expand as urine accumulates within it due to the presence of ___.

transitional epithelium

The tube connecting the renal hilum to the bladder is the ___.

ureter

Urine is transported from the bladder to the outside of the body by the ____.

urethra

What substancs move back into the blood through the process of reaborption

water, glucose, amino acids, ions

After filtration what does the filtrate contain?

water, glucose, ions, amino acids

What substances are normally found in urine?

water, salts, nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid) and other substances not needed

The ____ is made of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed.

external urethral sphincter

The involuntary sphicter that keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed is called the ___.

internal urethral sphincter

Where are the kidneys located?

kidneys lie against the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal position between the T13-L3 vertebra

The process of emptying the bladder is referred to as voiding or ___.

micturition

The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine is called the ____.

nephron

The medulla has many triangular regions with a striped appearance called the ____.

renal or medullary pyramids

The inner region of the kidney that forms a flat, basinlike cavity is known as the ___.

renal pelvis

The process that removes ions such as potassium and hydrogen from t he blood and places them into the nephron for removeal from the body as urine is known as ___.

secretion

In males the urethra is part of which systems.

urinary and reproductive

Starting with the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule region is ___.

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

The outermost region of the kidney is known as the ___.

renal cortex

The middle fleshy region of the kidney is known as the ___.

renal medula

What are the functions of the kidneys?

1. Regulate blood volume 2. Dispose of metabolic wastes 3. Convert vitamin D from its inactive to its active form 4. Manufacture Urine 5. Produce hormones that regulate blood cell production

Urine pH is usually around ___.

6


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