Karch
The nurse is teaching a nursing student about anemia and knows that it is important to start by explaining the causes of anemia. Which statement is true about the cause of anemia?
"Anemia is a condition caused by reduced amounts of hemoglobin, causing less oxygen to be delivered to the tissues."
The average lifespan of a red blood cell (RBC) is approximately:
120 days
The nurse is caring for several clients who have fungal infections. Which client should the nurse prioritize for informing the provider?
A client receiving amphotericin B whose torso appears jaundiced
A patient with arthritis is on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. What should be evaluated by the nurse to determine the effectiveness of NSAID therapy?
Better mobility
A client for whom antiretroviral therapy has been prescribed informs the nurse that the client is taking oral contraceptives. What should the nurse inform the client is one of the effects of combining birth control pills with antiretroviral therapy?
Decreases effectiveness of birth control pill
What medication may be administered intravenously (IV) to assist in reducing status epilepticus seizure activity?
Diazepam
A client who was bitten by a pit viper is to receive antivenin. What is the nurse's best action?
Establish IV access
An adult client received the annual influenza vaccine yesterday afternoon and has now presented back to the clinic reporting malaise. The client's oral temperature is 37.4°C (99.3°F). What is the nurse's best action?
Explain that vaccines often cause a mild immune response and have the client self-monitor
Which drug is most commonly used orally to treat infections caused by Candida albicans?
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
A nurse is caring for a client prescribed nicotinic acid for hyperlipidemia. The nurse would assess the client for which findings as a possibility?
Flushing of the skin
Amphotericin B is given by which route?
IV
A nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. What first-line treatment should the nurse anticipate?
Ibuprofen
In an allergic reaction, the immunoglobulin that binds to mast cells that release histamine is the:
IgE
A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The nurse explains to the woman that this infection is caused by a common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone who is not what?
Immuocompromised
What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient who is prescribed epoetin alfa?
Impaired tissue oxygenation related to anemia
The pharmacology class learns that epoetin alfa is an immunosuppressant drug that is designed to have what expected outcome?
Increased RBC count
The nurse is administering quinidine to a client who is also taking digoxin. The nurse will assess this client for which important adverse effect?
Increased digoxin level
A patient receiving amlodipine for angina reports dizziness. Which intervention should the nurse implement to help alleviate the condition?
Instruct the patient to lie down.
A client diagnosed with anemia asks what the cause of anemia is. Which is the nurse's best response?
It is caused by a decrease in the number of RBCs.
A critical care nurse is caring for a client after open-heart surgery. What nursing intervention would the nurse initiate to help detect life-threatening arrhythmias and manage and minimize any that occur?
Monitor cardiac rhythm continuously
A 72-year-old patient with TB is undergoing standard treatment in a health care facility. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse perform during ongoing assessment of the treatment?
Monitor for appearance of adverse reactions.
A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed phenobarbital for status epilepticus. What intervention should the nurse perform when the patient has been administered the drug?
Observe respirations frequently.
In which of the following patients is the use of cidofovir contraindicated?
Patients with renal impairment
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are classified as which pregnancy category?
Pregnancy category X
The school nurse is participating in a program to immunize students against human papillomavirus (HPV). What benefit should the nurse describe to students and their families?
Reduced risk for cervical cancer
A client's health care provider is considering the addition of efavirenz to the client's drug regimen for the treatment of recently diagnosed HIV. Which aspects of the client's medical history should prompt the nurse to question the use of this drug?
The client has hepatitis C and a history of heavy alcohol use.
What is chrysotherapy?
Treatment with gold salts
When describing the use of vaccines to a local community group, what would the nurse include?
Vaccines are used to provide active immunity.
While speaking with a client, the nurse notes that the client stares off, unblinking. The nurse notes that after several prompts, the client blinks rapidly and then resumes normal conversation. This behavior is consistent with what type of seizure?
absence
What effects are exerted by aspirin? (Select all that apply.)
analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory
The nurse would instruct a client receiving acebutolol about which adverse effect?
bronchospasm
A patient has a history of tonic-clonic seizures that have been successfully treated with phenytoin (Dilantin) for several years. Phenytoin achieves a therapeutic effect by:
decreasing the influx of sodium into neurons.
A nurse is caring for a client with adrenocortical deficiency. The health care provider has prescribed a fludrocortisone drug to the client. Which adverse reaction should the nurse monitor for in the client?
edema
Mineralocorticoids directly affect:
electrolyte levels
The client has been prescribed a fluoroquinolone. The nurse knows that nursing interventions for clients taking fluoroquinolones include which?
increase fluid intake
The nurse is performing a history for a black client that is concerned about developing coronary artery disease since it "runs in the family." What risk factor, that is modifiable, does the nurse identify when taking the history?
obese 40% over total body weight
Which is an important function of serotonin?
prevents depression
The nurse is preparing to administer amikacin to a client with a complicated Staphylococcus aureus infection. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?
renal function
A client is experiencing flu-like symptoms related to immune stimulant therapy. Which instructions would be most appropriate for the client?
"Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day."
A client diagnosed with heart disease is prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug. Further teaching is needed when the client makes which statement?
"I know I must take my medication every day for my heartbeat to be fixed."
Which statement indicates that the client understands immunosuppressant therapy following a solid organ transplant?
"I know that I will need to stay on this medication for the rest of my life."
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a corticosteroid for arthritic pain. Which statement made by the client would raise concern about medication dosage revision?
"I recently lost my health care coverage and need to look for another job."
A client has been diagnosed with partial seizures and has been prescribed carbamazepine. When providing health education about the safe and effective use of this medication, what should the nurse teach the client?
"It's safest if you avoid drinking alcohol while you're taking this drug."
The nurse is caring for a client whose prescribed course of cefaclor will soon be completed. What health education should the nurse provide to the client?
"Make sure to avoid drinking any alcohol for the next three days."
A client, diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, is taking nitroglycerin for chest pain. What is the best explanation for why a nitrate-like sildenafil would be contraindicated?
"Nitroglycerin and sildenafil cause a severe decrease in blood pressure."
The client receives a prescription for niacin. The nurse is providing education about the medication and possible adverse effects. Which adverse affect would the nurse include?
"Some people get very flushed skin when they take this medication."
A male patient who uses sublingual nitroglycerin tells the nurse that when he puts it under his tongue, he feels a fizzing sensation. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"That means that the drug is still potent and working."
A client is diagnosed with angina pectoris. What would the nurse include when explaining this condition to the client?
"The heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen."
A client is being treated with amphotericin B. Which statement indicates that the client has understood the client teaching?
"The medication may cause kidney damage."
The nurse is providing education to an older adult client who has been prescribed atorvastatin. How should the nurse describe the common adverse effects of the drug?
"The most common side effects of atorvastatin include some mild gastrointestinal upset."
A client is administered mycophenolate to prevent rejection of the transplanted heart. It is recommended that the client have a CBC drawn weekly. The client asks the nurse the reason for the weekly CBC. What is the nurse's best response?
"The weekly CBC assesses for the development of infection."
A client is receiving gentian violet as topical treatment for a fungal infection. What instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
"This medication can stain your skin and clothing."
One week ago, a client began taking ethosuximide 500 mg/day PO for the treatment of absence seizures. The client reports gastrointestinal (GI) upset after taking with the drug. What health education should the nurse provide?
"Try taking your pills at the same time as you eat some food."
A child is to receive a topical corticosteroid agent. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for additional teaching?
"We need to cover the area snugly with plastic wrap to prevent scratching."
A patient reports increasing the intake of herbal therapy because it is "cold and flu season." The patient is currently receiving hydrocortisone therapy for asthma. What is the first question for the nurse to ask the patient related to this statement?
"What herbal therapy are you taking?"
A client prescribed nitroglycerin reports to the nurse that he is having headaches. How should the nurse best respond?
"You may experience headaches as an adverse reaction to nitroglycerin."
A 23-year-old client is prescribed zidovudine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement indicates that the client has understood the client teaching regarding the action of this medication?
"Zidovudine slows the progression of the disease but does not cure it."
After the nurse has administered a bolus of lidocaine, the nurse should run a continuous infusion at which rate?
1-4 mg/min
The nurse is monitoring the serum carbamazepine level of a client. Which result would lead the nurse to notify the prescriber that the client most likely needs an increased dosage?
2 mcg/mL Therapeutic serum carbamazepine levels range from 4 to 12 mcg/mL. Therefore, a level under 4 mcg/mL would suggest that the drug has not reached therapeutic levels, so the dosage may need to be increased.
The health care provider orders a client to receive 1000 mL of intravenous fluid over the next 12 hours. The intravenous delivery system is a microdrip system. The nurse would set the infusion to run at which rate?
83 gtts/minute
The neurological nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients. For which client would the role of the blood-brain barrier be most significant during treatment?
A client who has been diagnosed with an infection of brain tissue
The nurse is caring for diverse group of clients. Which client is most likely to benefit from the administration of cyclosporine?
A client with chronic renal failure who is recovering from a kidney transplant
While learning about corticosteroids in pharmacology class, a student asks the instructor what a clinical indication for the use of corticosteroids would be. What would be the instructor's best response?
A disease with an inflammatory component
In a person being treated for a diagnosed seizure disorder, what is the most common cause of status epilepticus?
Abruptly stopping the antiseizure medications.
Which agent would be least appropriate to administer to a client with joint inflammation and pain?
Acetaminophen Explanation: Acetaminophen has analgesic and antipyretic properties but does not exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it would not be indicated for joint inflammation. Ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac have anti-inflammatory properties and would be appropriate for use.
A client is diagnosed with an infection attributable to the gram-negative microorganism Pseudomonas. Which anti-infective agent is most reliable in treating this microorganism?
Aminoglycoside
A nurse is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the consequent need for antihyperlipidemics. Treatment of high cholesterol using statins would be contraindicated in which client?
An obese male client who is a heavy alcohol user and who has cirrhosis of the liver
The prototype drug used to create red blood cells (RBCs) is epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit). It has many indications for use. Which are selected indications? Select all that apply.
Anemia from chronic renal disease (CRD) Anemia related to zidovudine therapy in HIV-associated illness Anemia related to chemotherapy in patients with cancer
An adult client being treated for breast cancer inquired about required vaccinations. What information should the nurse provide to this client?
Avoid all live vaccines.
A breast-feeding woman is prescribed a Class 3 antiarrhythmic. What information should the nurse provide to the client regarding the safety of the breast-feeding while taking this medication?
Breast-feeding must be discontinued and other forms of feeding should be introduced.
Assessment of a client with a complex neurologic history reveals that the client follows instructions but is unable to produce clear speech despite making great effort to do so. The nurse recognizes that diagnostic imaging is likely to reveal a lesion in what location?
Broca's area
A client develops itching and burning of the vaginal vault while taking an anti-infective to treat strep throat. What fungal agent has caused the burning and itching?
Candida albicans
Which would be appropriate for a client who is receiving iron therapy?
Cautioning the client that stool may be dark or green
The nurse has administered gabapentin to a client. Following administration, the nurse should assess the client for what possible adverse effect?
Central nervous system (CNS) depression
A public health nurse interacts with many members of the community who are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The nurse should anticipate the use of tetracycline in a client who is diagnosed with what STI?
Chlamydia
Which of the T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines?
Cytotoxic T cells
A client asks the nurse what the atorvastatin (Lipitor) prescribed for the client will do. What is an expected outcome for this client?
Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents decrease the oxygen demands of the heart by what mechanism?
Decreasing the heart rate, allowing for longer filling time and increased blood to the heart
When describing the action of barbiturates and barbiturate-like agents in the control of seizures, what would the nurse include?
Depression of motor nerve output
A client is taking cholestyramine to reduce LDL cholesterol. Cholestyramine will cause a decrease in absorption of which medication?
Digoxin
Burn victims have a high potential for infection due to the destruction of several defense mechanisms, external and internal. Why would this be the case?
Disruption of intact skin
What drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis are contraindicated in a client who has a history of toxic levels of heavy metals?
Gold salts
Which drug is most effective in reducing most major types of dyslipidemia in patients at risk or who have already developed CAD?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
A client is receiving omalizumab to treat allergic asthma, which is not relieved by inhaled corticosteroids. Which nursing intervention is appropriate with each dose administration of omalizumab?
Have epinephrine available during administration.
The client is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and prescribed lovastatin. Which is the most common adverse effects of lovastatin?
Headache and flatulence
The nurse has just completed client education relative to chronic adrenocortical insufficiency and corticosteroid medication treatment. What statement indicates the client requires further instruction?
I will start this medication when I am feeling ill or tired.
A group of nursing students are presenting information on the hepatitis B vaccine. What would the students prepare to tell others about the recommended population?
Infants and people at risk for contracting the disease
A nurse is caring for a patient who is being administered penicillin. What are the common adverse reactions to penicillin a nurse should assess for?
Inflammation of the tongue and mouth
A client comes to the clinic to learn about interferons. What would the nurse include in the lesson plan?
Interferons modulate the response of the immune system to viruses, bacteria, cancer, and other foreign substances.
What best describes the role of the major histocompatibility complex as a barrier defense?
It allows the body to distinguish cells as foreign or belonging to the person.
A health care provider has prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin and the nitroglycerin patch for a client. When the nurse explains the medications to the client, what advantage of the patch might the nurse mention?
It has a longer duration of action than sublingual tablets.
An infant is being administered an immunization. Which statement provides an accurate description of an immunization?
It is the administration of an antigen for an antibody response.
The physician has prescribed cotrimoxazole to a 1-month-old infant for an infection. The nurse knows that this medication is contraindicated because of the potential for what health problem?
Kernicterus
An 80-year-old woman is receiving treatment with oral fluconazole for a fungal infection Following yesterday's and today's dose, she reports an upset stomach to the charge nurse. How should the nurse at the facility best respond to the woman's report?
Provide food along with the fluconazole when administering it in the future.
A client's current medical condition is suggestive of impaired erythropoiesis. Which laboratory study would be most clinically relevant in diagnosing this health problem?
RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit
For what purpose would the nurse administer postoperative epoetin alfa to the client who is a Jehovah's Witness?
Reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusion
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease and a history of angina receiving the medication nitroglycerin ointment 2%, 2 inches every 8 hours. The nurse should perform which assessment(s) for safe administration of the nitroglycerin? Select all that apply.
Remove previous nitroglycerin ointment and applicator paper and fold in half before disposing in trash. Do not massage area of nitroglycerin ointment, and secure the applicator paper with tape with date, time, initials. Wear gloves when removing old application and applying new application to prevent the development of headache.
A client has had an injury to the cerebellum. The nurse is collecting data from the client and family to document in preparing an individualized nursing care plan. Which is the best description of the function of the cerebellum that has to be considered when collecting data from the client?
Responsible for muscle control
A child who is recovering from a chickenpox infection is given aspirin for the fever. Which condition develops following the simultaneous administration of salicylates and the varicella vaccine?
Reye syndrome
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing the second phase of standard TB treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following combinations of drugs need to be administered to the client?
Rifampin and Isoniazid
A client has been prescribed sulconazole for the treatment of tinea pedis. When nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify when planning this client's care?
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to local irritation
A client is receiving anakinra for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The client is scheduled to have arthroscopic evaluation of the right knee. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client after the procedure?
Risk for infection
Which nursing diagnosis would be most important for a nurse to include in the plan of care for a client who is receiving an antiseizure agent and experiencing common adverse effects?
Risk for injury
The nurse is caring for a client who has taken hydantoins for several years. The nurse noted that the client has an unsteady gait, dizziness, nystagmus, acute confusion, a non-raised red rash on one arm, and has not been to the dentist for 2 years. Based upon the findings, what is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Risk for injury related to untoward effect of hydantoin
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a serious infection. The patient is being treated with combination therapy of a cefazolin and an aminoglycoside. The nurse will be sure to monitor which of the following?
Serum BUN and creatinine levels
A nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. What lab tests would the nurse monitor when a protease inhibitor has been ordered for this patient?
Serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin
The nursing instructor is talking with their clinical group about the central nervous system. What should the instructor tell the students about the function of the spinal cord?
Serves as a conduit for impulses to and from the brain
A young adult client's acne has responded well to treatment with tetracycline. However, the client has now returned to the clinic 6 weeks later with signs and symptoms of oral candidiasis. The nurse should recognize that this client's current health problem is likely attributable to which occurrence?
Superinfection following the eradication of normal oral flora
The nurse is working in a home care setting. A female client is prescribed oral corticosteroids by her health care provider secondary to a diagnosis of Addison disease. What is the nurse's responsibility in this situation?
Supervising and monitoring the administration of the drug
Most of the drugs that affect the immune system are not recommended for use in children or have not been tested in children.
T
A patient with partial seizures has been prescribed succinimides at a health care facility. The patient experiences GI upset after succinimides administration. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
Take the drug with food or milk.
A 65-year-old client is being seen in the emergency department for exposure to rabies. The nurse checks the electronic health record and discovers the client has had no history of allergic reactions to immunization agents. The client's history guides the nurse to take which action?
Teach the client that the agent of choice is rabies immune globulin
What would the nurse identify as a vaccine that is a toxoid?
Tetanus The vaccine for tetanus is a toxoid. The vaccines for haemophilus influenza B and pneumococcal polyvalent are bacterial vaccines. Hepatitis A is a viral vaccine.
The nurse is providing wellness information to a 50-year-old client who is employed as a paramedic. The client asks what, if any, vaccines the client should get. What is the nurse's best response?
Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis; hepatitis B vaccine once; influenza vaccine annually
A 65-year-old man who just had a heart attack is placed on aspirin, 81 mg daily. The nurse is explaining the purpose of this medication to the client and his wife. What would be the nurses best explanation?
The aspirin is being prescribed because it reduces your risk of a second heart attack.
A client tells the nurse that she has taken several doses of over-the-counter fluconazole to treat a "yeast infection." When assessing the client's risk for drug toxicity, what aspect of the client's health status should the nurse prioritize?
The client client has decreased renal function following recent pyelonephritis
An older adult client has been diagnosed with candidiasis and prescribed fluconazole. What aspect of the client's health status should warrant close monitoring by the nurse?
The client has atrial fibrillation and takes warfarin daily
A client has developed Kaposi's sarcoma. What defense mechanism is the most affected by this homeostatic change initially?
The skin is affected.
A client is acutely ill with a brain abscess and the family has questioned why the client is not receiving intravenous antibiotics. When providing education to the family, the nurse should explain:
The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier
A 65-year-old client has come to the clinic after receiving the shingles vaccine two weeks ago. The client asks the nurse how long the immunity will last. The nurse would include which information in the explanation?
The varicella virus (shingles) vaccine protects the recipient for several years or for life.
A client with moderately elevated lipid levels requests immediate pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia. The nurse explains that a period of intensive diet therapy and lifestyle modification will be utilized before drug therapy is considered based on what rationale?
Therapeutic lifestyle changes are the preferred method for lowering blood lipids.
A patient with hepatitis C is taking phenytoin for a seizure disorder. Interferon alfacon-1 has been prescribed for this patient. The nurse is aware that what will probably occur?
There will be no adjustment to the medications.
A client is administered a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor in combination with a nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. What is the rationale when administering these medications together?
They have synergistic antiviral effects.
While studying for a pharmacology test, a student asks peers about interferons. What statement about interferons is true?
They interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate.
A nurse tells a patient to take a prescribed glucocorticoid in the morning based on the understanding that:
This time mimics the normal peak diurnal concentration levels.
The client has been prescribed one aspirin a day. The nurse understands that is prescribed for which of the following?
To inhibit platelet aggregation Explanation: Daily low-dose aspirin is prescribed to inhibit platelet aggregation within the heart and brain. Aspirin for osteoarthritis and pain is usually prescribed at a higher dosage. If the client is having elevated temperatures daily, the cause would need to be investigated.
What information would be included in a lipoprotein profile? Select all that apply:
Total cholesterol LDL Triglycerides A lipoprotein profile is a laboratory test which reports total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. AST and ALT are values that would be found reported from liver function test.
Rheumatoid factor (RF) interacts with circulating IgG to form immune complexes that deposit in the joints precipitating an inflammatory reaction.
True Explanation: RF interacts with circulating IgG to form immune complexes, which tend to deposit in the synovial fluid of joints, as well as in the eye and other small vessels.
A primiparous woman tells the nurse that she and her partner are highly reluctant to have their infant vaccinated, stating, "We've read that vaccines can potentially cause a lot of harm, so we're not sure we want to take that risk." How should the nurse respond to this family's concerns?
Vaccinations are not without some risks, but these are far exceeded by the potential benefits."
A nursing instructor is teaching students about the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when a student identifies which vitamin as necessary for the formation of the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Vitamin B12
The nurse has administered a client's prescribed daily dose of filgrastim. When assessing for a therapeutic effect, what laboratory finding should the nurse prioritize?
White cell differential
A client asks what neutropenia is. Which is the nurse's best response?
a condition when the neutrophil level is very low
When educating a group of nursing students on the mechanism of the action of various anti-arrhythmic drugs, the nurse identifies which drugs as inhibiting the beta-adrenergic receptors of the heart and the kidney?
acebutolol
A client, diagnosed with chronic renal failure, has begun experiencing increasing shortness of breath. The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing symptoms associated with which resulting condition?
anemia
A nurse is discussing interferon alfa-2b with a patient. What will the nurse encourage the patient to do while taking this drug?
avoid alcohol
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed acebutolol. What would be most important to monitor?
blood glucose levels
The home care nurse is caring for a client who is self-administering epoetin. What assessment is most important for the nurse to complete during the visit?
blood pressure
When describing the drugs classified as class IV antiarrhythmics, the nurse would identify these as:
calcium channel blockers
The 56-year-old client is diagnosed with osteoarthritis and reports joint pain and stiffness. Which medication would be identified as appropriate for the client to take?
celecoxib
The CNS structure involved in all higher order functions, including conscious processes containing both motor and sensory areas, is the:
cerebral cortex
A patient has sustained an injury to the cerebellum. Which area would be the primary area for assessment?
coordination
A nurse is administering a mumps vaccine to an adolescent. Which medication should be available when administering an immunization?
epinephrine
The nurse notes a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, as well as a decreased mean corpuscular volume. This could be attributable to a decrease in secretion of what hormone?
erythropoietin
Administration of the tetanus toxoid in adults involves two initial injections given four weeks apart, a booster injection given six months to a year later, and periodic injections thereafter. What is the recommended interval for the periodic injections for a 66 year old client ?
every 10 years
A client diagnosed with malaria has been prescribed treatment with sulfadiazine. The nurse should encourage the client to increase consumption of what dietary component?
fluids
A 69-year-old client has been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. The care team has collaborated with the client and her family and agreed on a plan of care that includes administration of interferon alfa-2b. After administering interferon alfa-2b, the oncology nurse should anticipate that the client may develop which adverse effect?
flulike symptoms
After reviewing information about antihyperlipidemic drugs, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding when they identify which medication as a fibric acid derivative (fibrate)?
gemfibrozil
The three major classes of drugs used to control blood lipids are statins, bile acid resins (or sequestrants), and fibrates. Which is a fibrate?
gemfibrozil
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of acetaminophen. What adverse effect is most common in acute or chronic overdose of acetaminophen?
hepatotoxicity
A 54-year-old client has a cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL (6.2064 mmol/L). What serum concentration of cholesterol would this client have?
high
A nurse is caring for a 59-year-old client who has been prescribed nitroglycerin to control angina. Which adverse effect might the nurse observe in this client?
hypotension
A client presented with signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and subsequent diagnostic testing revealed low levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone. The care team should focus assessments and interventions on the client's:
hypothalamus
The azole antifungals are contraindicated in clients with what condition?
increased liver enzymes
A salicylate is contraindicated in clients who have had surgery within the past week for which reason?
increased risk for bleeding
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving azathioprine following kidney transplant. For what serious adverse effect should the nurse monitor the patient?
infection
What best describes the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
A client has been prescribed lovastatin for high cholesterol. The nurse's teaching plan will include a basic explanation of how the drug produces its therapeutic effect. The nurse will explain that lovastatin lowers cholesterol levels in which manner?
inhibits cholesterol syntheses.
A male client is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. What treatment regimen would the nurse expect the health care provider to order?
interferon alfa
A client is to receive esmolol. The nurse would expect to administer this agent by which route?
intravenous
A client is receiving epoetin alfa for anemia. Which adjunctive therapy is imperative with epoetin alfa?
iron supplement
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving epoetin alfa. What adjunct treatment will the nurse expect the health care provider to order for this client?
iron supplement
An adult client has begun treatment with fluconazole. The nurse should recognize the need to likely discontinue the drug if the client develops which sign or symptom?
jaundice
The nursing student read about a disease called Hansen's disease, which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and is treated with many of the same drugs as are used for TB. The student learned that another name for Hansen's disease is which?
leprosy
In which condition present in the client should macrolides be used with caution?
liver dysfunction
A 10-year-old child has been playing soccer and sustains a closed head injury in a collision with another player. The parent states that the child was unconscious for 5 minutes. Upon admission to the emergency department, the child has difficulty breathing. What area of the brain will have developed cerebral edema?
medulla oblongata
A 46-year-old male client sustained a closed head injury four hours ago. He now presents to the emergency department because he is having difficulty breathing. This is a result of swelling around the:
medulla oblongata
A client will begin taking atorvastatin, and the nurse is conducting relevant health education. The nurse should emphasize the need to report any new onset of:
muscle pain
After teaching a group of students about drugs used as antianginal agents, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which as a beta-blocker antianginal agent?
nadolol
The nurse should monitor the client for which common side effects of erythromycin therapy?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What would be identified as the basic unit of the nervous system?
neuron
Which would a nurse identify as being secreted by the adrenal medulla?
neurotransmitters
Based on your work as a nurse in a geriatric clinic, the nurse knows that older adults should receive a pneumococcal vaccine:
once at 65 years of age.
A client is prescribed methsuximide. The nurse should expect to administer this drug by which route?
oral
A client is receiving auranofin as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should expect this drug to be given by which route?
oral
When preparing to administer a fluoroquinolone, the nurse understands that the majority of drugs belonging to this class are administered by which route?
oral
An adult client diagnosed with Crohn's disease several years ago is experiencing an exacerbation of symptoms. The nurse should anticipate the use of what corticosteroid?
oral prednisone
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client admitted for gastrointestinal bleed. Which cells control bleeding?
platelets
A patient is admitted to the cardiology unit of a health care facility for ventricular arrhythmia. In which condition can an anti-arrhythmic drug be safely administered?
premature ventricular contraction
A nurse is administering a drug that blocks the protease enzyme so new viral particles cannot mature. Which category of drugs is the nurse most likely administering?
protease inhibitors
A client in the critical care unit is receiving aminoglycosides for an infectious process. What does the nurse need to monitor?
renal function tests
A client has been prescribed disopyramide (Norpace) to treat a tachyarrhythmia. Which factor would necessitate that the dose be reduced?
renal impairment
Which factor would necessitate a reduction in the dosage of disopyramide?
renal impairment
A 92-year-old male client is being sent home on disopyramide for a ventricular arrhythmia. The client asks why he must continue to take this drug. The nurse's best response would be that a ventricular arrhythmia may:
result in death
The results of the CAST study have limited the use of antiarrhythmics to:
short-term use to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
A nurse is caring for a patient administered ethotoin. What are signs of toxicity for which the nurse should monitor the patient?
slurred speech
A patient is prescribed daily doses of phenytoin for seizures. The nurse knows that a single dose should not be missed during the course of treatment. Which condition could result if a dose is missed?
status epilepticus
A 49-year-old woman has been diagnosed with myalgia. The health care provider has recommended aspirin. The client is concerned that the aspirin will upset her stomach. The nurse will encourage the client to take this medication by:
swallowing the tablet with milk or food.
What areas are mainly responsible for coordinating internal and external responses?
thalamus and hypothalamus
A client 45-years-old just received a heart transplant. One of the clients medications is ganciclovir. The nurse knows this medication was prescribed why?
to prevent CMV infection.
To prevent meningococcal infections, the nurse would administer:
vaccine
A client has been prescribed a topical antifungal ointment to treat a fungal infection between her breasts. When providing education about this medication, the nurse should encourage the client to:
wash and dry the affected area before applying the ointment.
