Urinary system: Lecture final exam

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to A) an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone. B) the presence of a salty urine in the bladder. C) a decrease in the production of antidiuretic hormone. D) a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma.

A) an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone.

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla? A) collecting duct B) glomerulus C) proximal convoluted tubule D) distal convoluted tubule

A) collecting duct

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney. A) cortical B) medullary C) sinusoidal D) extrinsic E) trabecular

A) cortical

Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium? A) descending limb of the nephron loop B) proximal convoluted tubule C) distal convoluted tubule D) collecting duct

A) descending limb of the nephron loop

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. A) glomerulus B) afferent arterioles C) peritubular capillaries D) arcuate arteries E) cortical radiate arteries

A) glomerulus

The region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate is called the A) macula densa B) mesangial C) collecting duct D) extraglomerular E) vasa recta

A) macula densa

Urine passes through the A) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra. B) hilum to the urethra to the bladder. C) glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron. D) kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter.

A) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

Renin is produced in A) the granular cells. B) the glomerulus. C) glomerular capsules. D) the renal medulla.

A) the granular cells.

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder. A) dartos B) vesicular C) detrusor D) cremaster E) diaphragm

C) detrusor

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the A) thin segment. B) distal tubule. C) proximal tubule. D) glomerular capsule (podocytes).

C) proximal tubule.

Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra? A) L4 B) T11 or T12 C) T8 D) L1 or L2

D) L1 or L2

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial? A) perirenal fat B) fibrous capsule C) renal fascia D) pararenal fat

D) pararenal fat

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is A) pseudostratified columnar. B) transitional. C) stratified columnar. D) simple squamous. E) stratified squamous.

D) simple squamous.

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false? A) It is located superior to the prostatic urethra in males. B) It is surrounded by the urogenital diaphragm. C) It is a thickening of the detrusor muscle. D) It is not consciously controlled.

B) It is surrounded by the urogenital diaphragm.

The function of the collecting duct is to A) drain blood from the kidney and deliver it to the renal vein. B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine. C) transport resorbed water back into the cardiovascular system. D) contract its muscular walls to expel urine from the cortex.

B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are A) minor calyces. B) openings of papillary ducts. C) glomeruli. D) renal sinuses.

B) openings of papillary ducts.

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the A) renal cortex. B) renal pelvis. C) renal pyramids. D) renal sinus.

B) renal pelvis.

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that A) only one has a folded basolateral membrane containing enzymes for ion transport. B) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells. C) the former only secretes, the latter only filters. D) one lies in the renal cortex, the other in the medulla.

B) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the a) medulla. b) cortex. c) renal pyramids. d) renal papilla.

b) cortex.

The layer of podocytes is the same as the A) parietal layer. B) capsular space. C) glomerulus. D) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.

D) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation. A) segmental artery B) extraglomerular mesangial C) efferent arteriole D) macula densa E) afferent arteriole

E) afferent arteriole

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity. A) subcapsular B) supraperitoneal C) extra abdominal D) intraperitoneal E) retroperitoneal

E) retroperitoneal

A

Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery.

C

Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidney.

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney? A) secretion B) filtration C) resorption D) evaporation

D) evaporation

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane? A) capillary endothelium B) basement membrane C) filtration slit diaphragm D) granular cells

D) granular cells

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the A) detrusor. B) urachus opening. C) ureteric orifice. D) internal urethral orifice.

D) internal urethral orifice.

A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves. A) renal pyramids B) cortical columns C) convoluted tubules D) sinus E) renal corpuscle

D) sinus

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine? A) 1% B) 99% C) 10% D) 50%

A) 1%

The ureters A) have a muscularis layer that is stimulated to contract by the stretching of their walls as urine enters them. B) do not have an adventitia layer. C) contain only an inner circular layer in their muscularis. D) are lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

A) have a muscularis layer that is stimulated to contract by the stretching of their walls as urine enters them.

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla? A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons B) peritubular capillaries C) cortical radiate arteries D) proximal convoluted tubules

A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen? A) perirenal and pararenal fat layers and renal fascia B) renal vessels C) renal ligaments D) the diaphragm, through its muscle tone

A) perirenal and pararenal fat layers and renal fascia

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the A) proximal and distal convoluted tubules. B) thin segment and glomerular capsule. C) renal corpuscle and distal convoluted tubule. D) vasa recta and collecting tubules.

A) proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Which of the following structures are most numerous within a kidney? A) renal corpuscles B) renal papillae C) minor calyces D) cortical radiate arteries

A) renal corpuscles

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle? A) the nephron loop B) the glomerulus C) glomerular capsule D) podocytes

A) the nephron loop

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney. A) cortex B) hilum C) renal corpuscle D) sinus E) renal capsule

B & C (hilum & renal corpuscle)

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla. A) cortical radiate B) vasa recta C) vasa vasorum D) peritubular capillaries E) interlobular

B) vasa recta

What anatomical difference makes urinary tract infections more common in females than in males? A) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas in females it is part of the urinary system only. B) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one. C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males. D) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue.

C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false? A) When empty, the bladder lies inferior to the abdominal cavity. B) The ureters attach to the bladder through oblique posterolateral orifices. C) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum. D) Two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice bound the trigone of the bladder.

C) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.

Which gland sits atop each kidney? A) interlobar gland B) pituitary C) adrenal D) pancreas

C) adrenal

Which vessels lie within the renal columns? A) cortical radiate arteries B) arcuate arteries C) interlobar arteries D) segmental arteries

C) interlobar arteries

Which off the following puts the flow of blood through the kidney in the correct order? A) segmental artery — arcuate artery — interlobar artery — cortical radiate artery B) interlobar artery — arcuate artery — segmental artery — cortical radiate artery C) segmental artery — interlobar artery — arcuate artery — cortical radiate artery D) interlobar artery — segmental artery — cortical radiate artery — arcuate artery

C) segmental artery — interlobar artery — arcuate artery — cortical radiate artery

Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that A) they produce urine, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons do not. B) they are much less abundant. C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment. D) they do not have a proximal convoluted tubule.

C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is A) simple squamous. B) stratified squamous. C) transitional D) pseudostratified columnar.

C) transitional

The neck, or inferior angle, of the bladder drains into the A) trigone. B) urachus. C) urethra. D) ureters.

C) urethra.

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that A) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption. B) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles. C) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules. D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids. A) renal sinus B) renal pelvis C) major calyx D) cortical columns E) minor calyx

E) minor calyx

C

Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels covered by podocytes.

A

Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules.

D

Identify the letter that indicates the afferent arteriole.

B

Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessels that delineate the cortex from the medulla.

A

Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole.

B

Identify the letter that indicates the glomerulus.

E

Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx.

D

Identify the letter that indicates the parietal layer of glomerular capsule.

E

Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule.

C

Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

D

Identify the letter that indicates the renal pelvis.

E

Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta.

C

Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are a) interlobar arteries. b) segmental arteries. c) cortical radiate arteries. d) arcuate arteries.

c) cortical radiate arteries.

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa is part of the A) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes). B) efferent arteriole. C) glomerulus. D) terminal nephron loop.

D) terminal nephron loop.