U.S. 20th Century: 1941-1979 History Bee Nationals questions Set 3
A test of this effect accelerated canal rays through perforated plates with an immense charge. The question of whether this effect in light is partially caused by relativistic time dilation was addressed in the Ives-Stillwell experiment in 1938. This effect was first observed in an 1842 report on the color of binary stars. In astronomy, this effect can cause "redshift" or "blueshift." Discovered in 1842 and named for an Austrian physicist, for the point, what is this effect of a wave's frequency changing with movement relative to an observer, often exemplified by ambulance sirens?
ANSWER: Doppler effect (accept transverse Doppler effect)
Michael Nowicki and this man helped redesign Brandeis University. In 1970, two bombs exploded while rock bands protested at the Black Panther trials at this architect's Ingalls Rink. A Bell Labs complex at Holmdel, which was called "The Biggest (+) Mirror ever," was designed by this man. This architect developed the Tulip Chair which was produced by the Knoll company, and part of this man's construction for the TWA (*) Flight Center was converted into a hotel at JFK Airport. For the point, name this Finnish-American architect who designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
ANSWER: Eero Saarinen
This ongoing work began at seven papers on October 2, 1950, including its creator's hometown paper, the Minneapolis Tribune. Over almost 50 years of syndication and nearly 18 thousand strips, this creation was a bastion of inclusiveness with characters including a fully-accepted African-American student named Franklin and a con dent, athletic girl named Patty. For the point, name this creation of Charles Schulz featuring Charlie Brown and his dog, Snoopy.
ANSWER: Peanuts
This psychologist founded the Heroic Imagination Project and also developed the Time Perspective Theory. In his book, The Lucifer Effect, this psychologist wrote, "Good people can be induced, seduced, and initiated into behaving in (+) evil ways." This psychologist's best-known experiment involved assigning students into roles within a mock (*) prison. For the points, what psychologist is notable for conducting the Stanford Prison Experiment?
ANSWER: Philip Zimbardo (or Philip George Zimbardo)
This process began with two shipments of fourteen of the central beings taken from near Hinton, Alberta. This process involved the use of pens named for Chief Joseph. O-Six was among the fourth generation to have descended from the central animals of this event, which started in the Lamar Valley. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 formed a legal basis for this action, which led to declines in the elk population of its central area. For the point, name this event in which members of the Canis Lupus species were brought back to a national park containing Old Faithful.
ANSWER: Reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park (prompt on partial answers; accept obvious equivalents in place of "reintroduction")
This man was commissioned to work on the Manhattan Project, where he helped Hans Bethe [[BEH-tuh]] develop a formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb. With his colleagues, Julian Schwinger [[SHWING-uh]] and Shinichirō Tomonaga [[shih-nee-CHIH-roh toh-moh-NAH-gah]], this man earned the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the field of quantum electrodynamics. For the point, name this American physicist, called the "The Great Explainer," who proposed the parton model in particle physics.
ANSWER: Richard Feynman [["FINE"-man]] (or Richard Phillips Feynman)
In 1927, someone disguised as this person was the target of Texas's largest manhunt after he robbed a bank. Washington Irving anglicized this man's name as part of a movement to slow down home invasions called "wassailing." This man is shown "with Much Delight" in a poem for which Clement Clarke Moore claimed authorship. Thomas Nast caricatured this man dressed in an American flag with a puppet named "Jeff" while L. Frank Baum and Coca Cola both popularized his image. For the point, name this man who brings Christmas gifts on flying reindeer.
ANSWER: Santa Claus (accept Saint Nicholas)
This coach once conducted an interview with Manfred Rommel as part of a broadcast series in which he delivered historical perspectives on war films. A eulogy for this coach was delivered by Richard Nixon, who lamented that this man only wanted to talk about "foreign policy" rather than football. Bo (+) Schembechler of Michigan was a rival to this man, who was dismissed from one team after punching Clemson nose-tackle Charlie Bauman during the 1978 Gator Bowl. Serving as head coach at a Big Ten (*) school from 1951 to 1978, for the points, who was this longtime coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes?
ANSWER: Woody Hayes (or Wayne Woodrow Hayes)
This speech's orator attempts to dissuade his fellow man from amassing rifles and forming battalions to "search for white folk." This speech postulated that if the "Civil Rights Act of 1964" wasn't passed, a "non-nonviolent army" with one-way tickets would descend on Washington D.C. The phrase "We didn't land on Plymouth Rock; the rock was landed on us" was said during, for the point, which 1964 speech in which Malcom X urged his Black listeners to exercise their ability to vote or take up arms?
ANSWER: "The Ballot or the Bullet" Speech
Because he was so torn in this case, Charles Evans Whittaker recused himself for health reasons. A plurality opinion in this case, which overruled Colegrove v. Green, stated that "Courts ought not to enter this political thicket." Reynolds v. Sims expanded upon the logic of this case, which shifted the court's prior "political question" doctrine. This case developed the "one person, one vote" standard for legislative apportionment. For the point, name this 1962 Supreme Court case limiting states' authority regarding redistricting.
ANSWER: Baker v. Carr (accept in either order; or Charles W. Baker et al. v. Joe. C. Carr et al.)
One of these events in 1979 was cancelled after an explosion set off by DJ Steve Dahl. At one of these events, a Columbia grad called himself "the luckiest man on the face of the Earth." In 1919, Buck Weaver and seven associates were accused of throwing a series of these events to fulfill a bet made by Arnold Rothstein. For the point, examples of what type of event have included a tumultuous Disco Demolition Night, the Farewell Speech of Lou Gehrig, and the misplays of the infamous Black Sox?
ANSWER: Baseball games (do not accept or prompt on "World Series")
This organization's founders wrote "What We Believe" and "What We Want Now!", both of which were included in this group's Ten-Point Program. An early leader of this organization wrote Soul on Ice about his transformation into an activist, though he was later involved in a shooting with police that saw the death of fellow member Bobby Hutton. This group monitored police activity and established the Free Breakfast for School Children Program. For the point, name this Oakland-based Black Power party founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
ANSWER: Black Panther Party (for Self-Defense) (or Black Panthers; accept the BPP)
After this Kansas City musician moved to New York, he worked as a dishwasher at the Chicken Shack, where he caught the performances of piano legend Art Tatum. In songs like "Ko Ko" and "Cherokee," this jazz instrumentalist developed the improvisational style that made him an icon of the Beat Generation. This creator of the jazz standard "Ornithology," along with trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, ushered in the era of BeBop. For the point, what virtuoso saxophonist was nicknamed "Bird?"
ANSWER: Charlie "Bird" Parker (prompt on "Bird" or "Yardbird")
In 1867, New Jersey became the first state to outlaw this practice, doing so 104 years before the next state. The case Ingraham v. Wright upheld the constitutionality of this practice, which, in Mississippi and Louisiana, is prohibited on those with disabilities. The doctrine of in loco parentis is often used to justify this practice with alternatives like suspension. This practice often relies on the use of a wooden paddle. For the point, name this disciplinary practice used to physically punish students.
ANSWER: Corporal Punishment in schools (accept Spanking; accept Paddling before "paddle" is mentioned; prompt on answers such as "physical punishment")
Statesman John Lewis was a member of the thirteen original participants in this event, which directly followed the Federal court's decision in Boynton v. Virginia. With the SNCC, the Congress of Racial Equality organized this specific event following the success of sit-ins in 1960. For the point, name this challenge to the continued, illegal segregation of public transport in the American South by a contingent of Black youth in the early 1960s.
ANSWER: Freedom Rides (or Freedom Riders; do not accept or prompt on "Freedom Summer")
One of the namesakes in this case was involved in another case in which Alvin Ford thought he was Pope John Paul III. The accused in this case was acquitted after Henry Cook's testimony was found unreliable by W. Fred Turner. This case arose after the burglary of the Bay Harbor Pool Room in Panama City, and this case overturned Betts v. Brady. Abe Fortas argued against Bruce Jacob in this case, which ruled that states were required to provide public defenders. For the point, name this landmark 1963 Supreme Court case.
ANSWER: Gideon v. Wainwright (accept either underlined name; or Clarence E. Gideon v. Louie L. Wainwright, Corrections Director)
The one-room schoolhouse this artist attended as a child in Greenwich, New York is now the Bennington Museum, with the largest collection of this artist's works. Louis J. Caldor first discovered this artist's work in a Hoosick Falls drugstore. This artist sprinkled glitter (+) on top of painted snow for the work Sugaring Off. Hallmark cards have featured the Christmas-themed works of this woman who took up painting in her (*) mid-seventies. For the points, name this artist who was nicknamed "Grandma."
ANSWER: Grandma Moses (or Anna Mary Robertson Moses; or Anna Mary Robertson)
During hearings with this group, Jerry Rubin wore a Santa Claus suit and a Viet Cong flag. Government official Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury after being investigated by this group for espionage. The "Hollywood Ten" were blacklisted for refusing to testify in front of this group, whose members included Jerry Voorhis and Richard Nixon. Created in 1938, for the point, what committee in the U.S. House of Representatives investigated communist ties among citizens and public employees?
ANSWER: House Un-American Activities Committee (or HUAC; accept House Committee on Un-American Activities; or HCUA; accept House Committee on Internal Security)
Use of this metric for placing students of color in EMR-type classes was largely barred in California by the case Larry P v. Riles. Stephen Jay Gould denounced attempts to singularly measure this metric in The Mismeasure of Man. Generations tend to perform better on tests evaluating this metric over time according to the Flynn effect. Robert Yerkes was hired to develop a method for the Army to take this metric in recruits. For the point, name this metric that can be measured on the Stanford-Binet scale, a "quotient" for which rates 90 to 109 as the average person's capability.
ANSWER: Intelligence (or Intelligence Quotient; accept IQ)
In response to being called for the draft, this musician stated "I'm liable to create a case of `mistaken identity' of who I might shoot." After having his solos called "Chinese music," this musician stabbed Cab Calloway in the thigh and wrist. Charlie Parker and this composer of "Groovin' High," "Salt Peanuts," and "A Night in Tunisia" helped develop bebop. For the point, name this jazz trumpeter famous for playing a bent trumpet.
ANSWER: John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie
In November of 2021, Fruit of Islam member Norman Butler was exonerated for the assassination of this man after a 22-month investigation. This Black activist stated "Our forefathers weren't the Pilgrims. We didn't land on Plymouth Rock; the rock was landed on us" in the "Ballot or the Bullet" speech. A hajj to Mecca led this man to change his name to Malik el-Shabazz. For the point, name this black empowerment activist often at odds with Martin Luther King Jr.
ANSWER: Malcolm X (accept Malcolm Little; accept Malik el-Shabazz before mentioned)
This person and Gregory Bateson produced a short documentary about the Kris Dance, a ritual practiced in Balinese culture. Derek Freeman called this person a "fateful hoaxing" for being duped by indigenous interviewees. This person argued that adolescents in Western cultures faced "storm and stress" compared to those living on the island of Ta'ū. For the point, what cultural anthropologist who advocated for a broadening of sexual attitudes wrote Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and Coming of Age in Samoa?
ANSWER: Margaret Mead
A scandal concerning this energy source was caused by the Virgil C. Summer expansion project in South Carolina, nearly bankrupting Westinghouse. Planning to exclusively use this energy source, Project Independence was a Nixon-era initiative to abandon the need for foreign oil by the year 1980. A radiation leak nearly led to a total meltdown at Three Mile Island, a plant utilizing, for the point, what energy source created through fission?
ANSWER: Nuclear Energy (accept NukeGate Scandal; accept "Power" in place of "Energy" and "Atomic" in place of "Nuclear")
In 1964, this company commissioned IBM to create a computer system that allowed representatives to provide booking information. Frank Abagnale [[AB-ag-nayl]] duped authorities by pretending to be a pilot with over two million air miles (+) at this company. Employees at this company spent approximately $35,000 on newspaper advertisements to garner public sympathy for their financial (*) struggles following the 1973 oil crisis. Once priding itself as the "World's Most Experienced Airline," for the points, what airline carrier ceased to exist in 1991?
ANSWER: Pan Am (or Pan American World Airways; or Pan American Airways)
One of the namesakes of this case wrongly convicted Randal Dale Adams for murder. The companion case to this one involved Sandra Cano [[kah-NOH]] and her attorney, Margie Pitts Hames. Harry Blackmun quoted Joseph McKenna's "capable of repetition, yet evading review" exception in this case. Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee raised challenges that led to this case, in which Norma McCorvey was the plaintiff under a pseudonym. Decided alongside Doe v. Bolton, for the point, what was this 1973 decision to legalize abortion?
ANSWER: Roe v. Wade (accept in either order; accept Jane Roe, et al. v. Henry Wade, District Attorney of Dallas County)
The second holder of this position appointed a commission that published A Nation at Risk, which suggested the U.S. was threatened by a "rising tide of mediocrity." That man, Terrel Bell, succeeded the first holder of this position, Carter appointee Shirley Hufstedler. In this position, William Bennett published a report assessing the teaching and learning of the humanities at the baccalaureate [[bah-kah-LOH-ree-eht]] level. For the point, name this Cabinet-level position that oversees schooling in the United States.
ANSWER: Secretary of Education (accept Education Secretary)
Alongside the victor of this event, Mark Spitz appeared on a Sports Illustrated cover, but that victor of this event would not appear in another public match for two decades. The victor of this event criticized its format for incentivizing draws, and he was the pre-match favorite due to his higher (+) ELO rating. An unsuccessful attempt to remove cameras from a room led to a forfeit during this event, which included the first non-Soviet (*) victory in the game at the center of this event in 24 years. For the points, name this 1972 event in which Boris Spassky lost to U.S. chess phenom Bobby Fischer.
ANSWER: The Match of the Century (accept World Chess Championship 1972; accept chess match between Robert James "Bobby" Fischer and Boris [Vasilievich] Spassky before mentioned)
Michael Hillegas [[HILL-eh-gass]] was the first person to hold this position under the Articles of Confederation. Harry Truman appointed Georgia Neese Clark as the first woman to this position, and she was succeeded by Ivy Baker Priest. Jovita Carranza [[hoh-VEE-tah kah-RAHN-zah]] resigned from this position in 2020 to lead the Small Business Administration. It's not the Secretary of the Treasury, but this person's signature appears on U.S. banknotes. For the point, name this government position responsible for overseeing the Bureau of Engraving & Printing and the U.S. Mint.
ANSWER: Treasurer of the United States (or U.S. Treasurer; do not accept or prompt on "treasury secretary" or "Secretary of the Treasury")
This man donated $50,000 to the 1968 Memphis sanitation strike, which is thought to be its largest outside donation. Richard Nixon once said that he "can think of nothing so detrimental to this nation than for any (+) President to ... be a captive of" this man, who was referred to as "the most dangerous man in" one city by George Romney. Leaflets were left along a Miller Road overpass as part of a campaign led by this man that involved fighting at the River (*) Rouge Complex in Michigan. For the point, name this Detroit-based union organizer and leader of the United Auto Workers.
ANSWER: Walter Reuther [[ROO-ther]] (or Walter Philip Reuther)
In response to this event, Thomas Pynchon wrote a New York Times op-ed titled "A Journey Into the Mind of" the neighborhood where this event took place. A 1972 music festival including a speech from Jesse Jackson (+) was marketed as "brothers and sisters turning on to being black" and commemorated the 7th anniversary of this event. The McCone Report was commissioned by Governor Pat Brown (*) to investigate this event, which began when Marquette Frye was arrested for drunk driving. Thirty-four people died during six days of unrest as part of, for the points, what 1965 race riot in Los Angeles?
ANSWER: Watts Riots (accept Watts Rebellion, Watts Uprising, accept other synonyms for "Riots")
To pay off legal debts, this man wrote about his work in the Soviet underground in his best-selling memoir, Witness. This man penned a critique of the Yalta Conference titled "The Ghosts on the Roof." This author produced the "Pumpkin Papers" in an attempt to prove the guilt of a government official accused of spying for the Soviet Union. A witness before the House Un-American Activities Committee, for the point, what former Communist and writer for Time magazine served as the chief accuser of Alger Hiss?
ANSWER: Whittaker Chambers (accept Jay Vivian Chambers)
