U.S. Healthcare Systems Final

The American Medical Association recommends which step(s) to a physician on how to terminate a relationship with a patient?

-Giving the patient written notice-Provide a specific reason for the termination-Provide assistance to the patient to find another physician

What are the components of common elements of informed consent for a research study?

-written statement that includes the purpose and duration of the study-the procedures and duration of the study clearly defined-any risk and benefits clearly defined

What is an institutional review board?

A group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects.

What is the purpose of the PhreesiaPad?

A wireless digital device that allow patients to enter demographic information and their reason for visiting the healthcare provider.

This act protects employees and job applicants 40 years and older from discrimination as it applies to hiring, firing, promotion, layoffs, training, assignments, and benefits.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Essential functions

refers to employers that take reasonable action to accommodate a disabled individual such as providing special computer equipment or furniture to accommodate a physical limitation.

Describe the legal relationship between patient and provider.

Can be considered a contract: an agreement, either oral or written, between two or more parties that designates legally enforceable activities.

The __________ was enacted under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, is Title XXI of the Social Security Act, and is jointly financed by federal and state funding and administered by the states. Administered by CMS, the purpose of this program is to provide coverage for low-income children younger than the age of 19 years who live above the income level requirements of Medicaid.

Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

What is a RFID?

Chips that transmit data to receivers.

Discuss the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and TitleVII of the act and give examples of discrimination.

Created a concept of protected classes to protect theses groups from employment discrimination in compensation and conditions or privileges of employment. Ex: sex, age, national origin, race, and religion.

Describe 5 different types of genetic testing.

Diagnostic, predictive and asymptomatic, carrier, prenatal, and research genetic testing.

Describe the 2 of the 4 ethical models of a physician-patient relationship. Know the difference between models and give an example.

Engineering model focuses on patients and their power to make decisions about their health care. Priestly model assumes the doctor will make the best decision for the patient's health.

Health information legacy systems are systems that store, transmit, collect, and retrieve these data.

False

Quality use, as defined by the CMS, has established core measures those healthcare providers must meet to determine the EHR system is being adequately used.

False

The Microsoft HealthRecords, Microsoft's version of an electronic patient record, now has a feature that allows a patient to preregister for hospital procedures and admissions.

False

The Physician Recommendation Laws were passed because providers were referring patients to medical services in which they or family members had a financial interest.

False. Physician Referral Laws.

What is healthcare fraud? Give examples.

Healthcare fraud is the illegal act for financial gain. Ex: making false claims or improperly billing medicare and a physician bringing in whatever money is left.

What is presumed consent for organ donations from family members?

If a parent or family member does not actively oppose an organ donation, the procedure occurs.

What is the purpose of the Committee on Operating Rules for Information Exchange?

It has set up standards for data exchanges between providers and healthcare plans.

What is the purpose of the MelaFind optical scanner?

It provides additional information on whether a biopsy should be performed and the technology is also used by the Department of Defense.

What is PatientPoint?

It provides patient education electronically in a provider's waiting room or exam room

How are clinical decision support systems helpful in medicine?

It reduces unnecessary interventions and helps reduce costs.

What is the role of the CIO?

Manage the organizations information systems.

What is the difference between medical ethics and bioethics?

Medical ethics focuses more on ethically treatment on a patient and bioethics focuses more on ethical issues brought by advances in biology and medicine.

What is medical malpractice, negligence and defensive medicine?

Medical malpractice is the "improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a provider which results in injury, damage, or loss. Negligence could be if a provider does not give appropriate care or withholds care and injury to the patient results. Defensive medicine means that providers often order more tests and provide more services than necessary to protect themselves from malpractice lawsuits.

What is an advance care directive?

Orders that patients give to providers to ensure that, if they are terminally ill and incompetent to make a decision, certain measures will not be taken to prolong that patient's life.

What is informed consent?

Permission of a patient who has been provided adequate information to make a decision regarding intervention.

The __________ is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act protects female employees who are discriminated against based on pregnancy-related conditions, which constitutes illegal sex discrimination.

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

How are data warehouses used? Who uses them?

Requires an integration of many computer systems across an organization. Retail, banking, and manufacturing uses them.

What is the purpose of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act?

Requires manufacturers of drugs and other health products to report annually payments and their value given to Medicare and Medicaid providers. Physicians must also report ownership interests held by physicians and families.

What is the standard of care? Why is it important?

The level and type of care that a reasonably competent and skilled healthcare professional, with a similar background and in the same medical community, would have provided under the circumstances that led to the alleged malpractice. It's important because it enforces proper care and equality.

What is physician assisted suicide?

The physician writes a prescription for the patient enabling them to take their own life.

As a result of the increase in malpractice insurance premiums, the concept of defensive medicine has been introduced which means that providers often order more tests and provide more services than necessary to protect themselves from malpractice lawsuits.

True

Avera eCARE established eEmergency, which provides rural providers with immediate electronic access to emergency-certified physicians and nurses to help them with diagnosis of patients with critical conditions.

True

Health information technology is important because it can reduce medical errors.

True

Imaging informatics applies computer technology to organs and tissue.

True

Information technology (IT) has had a tremendous impact on the healthcare industry because it allows faster documentation of every transaction.

True

Radio frequency identification (RFID) chips transmit data to receivers which can be used for tracking of pharmaceuticals as they are shipped from the manufacturer to the customer.

True

Siemens has introduced a pocket-sized ultrasound, Acuson P10, which can be used for traditional applications of diagnostic and screening tests. It can be used in outpatient areas, intensive care units, and rescue helicopters to provide instant information to make a diagnosis.

True

The Physician Self-Referral Laws were passed because providers were referring patients to medical services in which they or family members had a financial interest.

True

The establishment of a chief information officer (CIO) in healthcare organizations emphasizes how important information systems and technology had become to healthcare organizations.

True

The priestly model assumes the doctor will make the best decisions for the patient's health. The patient assumes a very passive role, giving the provider great power in the decision making process. This is a very traditional relationship that often would occur between the elderly and physicians because they were taught to revere the medical world.

True

There is a new product called Electronic Aspirin, which is an implant on the side of the head normally impacted by a headache.

True

What is an electronic health record (EHRs)? What are the pros and cons of EHRs?

data management system. Pros: Patient safety, problems with legibility (medical errors), multiple providers=multiple paper systems (over prescription meds, better to all document on same system (quality care), faster info (decreases staff/cost effective), patients want to see their lab results via comp., easier to read, less time to locate, decrease duplication of info, help streamline billing processes, reduces paper, reduce errors in billing, tracking staff productivity, identifying patient referral patterns, marketing management, quality management. Cons: High cost in time and money for hardware, software, training; backup systems, templates used limit info that is entered into record. Staff anxious in using, paid training, tech support 24/7.

Which of these tests is a type of genetic testing?

diagnostic testing, predictive and asymptomatic testing

Medical tourism

occurs as more citizens travel overseas to have medical procedures because it costs much less overseas.