U.S. History Ch. 14

Fort Wagner

At Fort Wagner outside Charleston and Port Hudson in Louisiana, black soldiers fought bravely against Confederate forces in two of the earliest battles involving U.S. Colored Troops.

Vicksburg

When the Confederates finally surrendered Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, it gave the Union control of the Mississippi and elevated the stature of General Grant.

Covered extensively in the press, the Battle of ________ outside Charleston was one of the first engagements involving black troops.

Fort Wagner

King Cotton Diplomacy

Hoping France and England would recognize the Confederacy in order to gain access to southern cotton, King Cotton diplomacy was the diplomatic strategy the Confederacy pinned its hopes on early in the war. It failed because the countries had large stockpiles of cotton and, in the case of England, relied just as much on northern trade as southern cotton, and had textile workers who supported the Union.

How did the Civil War affect the world?

It alerted the globe to a new world power.

What was the major way in which Clausewitz's ideas affected strategy in the Civil War?

Keeping strategy consistent with war aims.

One of the reasons ________ failed was because France and England had large stockpiles of cotton.

King Cotton diplomacy

What forced the Upper South states to choose sides?

Lincoln's call for troops.

For five days the _______ raged, as working-class whites attacked draft offices, blacks, and Republican leaders.

New York City Draft Riots

Contraband

Northerners referred to runaway and confiscated slaves as "contraband of war" and often used their labor for military purposes.

Copperheads

Often loudly criticizing and ridiculing Lincoln, Copperheads were members of the antiwar wing of the Democratic Party.

Rifled Musket

One of the new technologies that dramatically changed the nature of war, the rifled musket significantly increased the accuracy and range of weapons.

What contributed to the riots in New York City in 1863?

Opposition to black enlistment.

New York City Draft Riots

Originally targeted at draft offices, the New York City Draft Riots turned into five days of working-class violence targeted at the city's black residents and Republican institutions and leaders.

Where did the first serious challenge to states' rights come from during the war?

The Confederate draft.

What put an end to any serious possibility of Britain recognizing the Confederacy?

The Emancipation Proclamation.

What escaped nearly every foreign observer of the Civil War?

The benefits of more democratic methods of staffing armies.

What factor contributed to Lincoln's reelection?

The capture of Mobile Bay.

What did the South Carolina "Declaration of Causes" state "our position is thoroughly identified with"?

The institution slavery.

How did European reformers feel about the Civil War?

They strongly supported it.

Many historians debate whether the Civil War was a ________, especially after Sherman's Atlanta campaign.

Total war

Total War

Total war is a term referring to modern warfare in which all resources of a country are mobilized for the war effort and the lines between civilian and military targets are blurred.

Shortly after the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, the Union began organizing the ________.

U.S. Colored Troops

Who was the only candidate in 1860 to campaign nationally?

Stephen Douglas.

What did James Buchanan do to address the secession crisis?

Take a "hands-off" policy.

Antietam

The Battle of Antietam occurred on September 18, 1862, as Confederate forces under Lee moved north into Maryland. It was the bloodiest day of the war, producing 23,000 casualties and no clear victor, but Lee did retreat back into Virginia and Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation in the days afterward.

The fall of ________ gave the Union control of the entire length of the Mississippi.

Vicksburg

The 1860 Democratic Convention in Charleston deadlocked over...

...northern refusal to adopt a federal slave code.

The Civil War led British aristocrats to...

...oppose the liberalization of British society.

The war affected the northern economy by...

...stimulating a boom in industry.

One of the outcomes of the first Battle of Manassas was...

...that it inspired greater mobilization in the North.

Northern diplomacy was aided by...

...the close economic ties forged with Britain in the 1850s.

One of the causes of the horrific nature of Civil War battles was...

...the increased accuracy and range of weapons.

At the outset of the war, the southern advantages included...

...the land mass of the Confederacy.

The biggest factor in the shift in Union policy towards more destructiveness was...

...the tenacity of Confederate resistance.

Lincoln denied any interest in emancipation before 1862 mainly because he...

...was trying to keep the border states in the Union.

During the war, many women in the South...

...were forced to manage their slaves themselves.

Many northern Democrats responded to Lincoln...

...with openly racist rhetoric.

At ________ three hundred Union troops were massacred, many of them blacks who had attempted to surrender.

Fort Pillow

At the outset of the War, Lincoln treated southern civilians as...

...Americans.

Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation after...

...Antietam.

The King Cotton strategy failed because...

...Britain and france had a stockpile of the staple.

At the outset, most southerners thought the Civil War would be short because...

...demand for southern cotton would lead France and Britain to recognize the Confederacy.

Before the Emancipation Proclamation, all Union forces weakened slavery by...

...disrupting civilian life.

Victory at Vicksburg...

...gave the Union control of the Mississippi.

Appomattox Courthouse

A week after the fall of Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.

U.S. Colored Troops (USCT)

After the Emancipation Proclamation took effect in 1863, the federal government began to enlist blacks in the U.S. Colored Troops, the segregated regiments of the army.

Emancipation Proclamation

Announced after the Battle of Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in areas under rebellion.

After the Battle of ________, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

Antietam

On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at ________.

Appomattox Courthouse

Guerrilla

Attacks involving irregular forces, guerrilla action occurred throughout the Civil War but especially in areas where few regular troops were located. Much of the activity had little to do with the war itself.

With the First Confiscation Act, the federal government formalized Benjamin Butler?s policy of seizing slaves as ________ of war.

Contraband

________ ridiculed Lincoln while the other wing of the party constituted part of the loyal opposition.

Copperheads

Though announced after the Battle of Antietam, the ________ did not go into effect until January 1, 1863.

Emancipation Proclamation

Fort Pillow

With the Confederacy declaring black soldiers to be slaves in rebellion, Confederate soldiers under Nathan Bedford Forrest killed 300 members of the garrison at Fort Pillow, many of whom were black soldiers who had surrendered in what has become known as the Fort Pillow Massacre.

In the Civil War, many of the ________ attacks were motivated by revenge rather than the war itself.

guerilla

Many new technologies such as the _______ transformed the tactics of the Civil War.

rifled musket