Chapter 21 Homework

Classify each item as a first, second, or third line of defense. 1. First Line of Defense 2. Second Line of Defense 3. Third Line of Defense - mucosal membranes - antibodies - skin -fever - lymphocytes - cell-mediated immunity - inflammation - eosinophils -macrophages -humoral immunity

1. First Line of Defense - mucosal membranes - skin 2. Second Line of Defense -fever - inflammation - eosinophils -macrophages 3. Third Line of Defense - antibodies - lymphocytes - cell-mediated immunity -humoral immunity

When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood A) B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-B antibody in the recipient B) B antigen from the recipient reacts with anti-B antibody in the donor C) B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient D) A antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient E) no reaction occurs

A) B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-B antibody in the recipient

People with type O blood can be universal donors because their red blood cells do not contain either A antigen or B antigen on their surface. A) True B) False

A) True

People with type AB blood have A) both type A and type B antigens on their red blood cells B) both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their serum C) A antigen on their red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in their serum D) a and b E) none of the above

A) both type A and type B antigens on their red blood cells

Indicate whether each item identifies an adaptive or nonspecific form of defense.

Adaptive Immunity: -Vaccines -Agglutination -Memory -Clonal selection -Third line of defense Nonspecific Immunity: -Acid mantel -First line of defense -Second line of defense

The vaccine used to prevent measles consists of live measles viruses. This type of vaccine is most likely: A) a killed vaccine. B) an attenuated vaccine. C) subunit vaccine. D) recombinant vaccine. E) conjugated vaccine

B) an attenuated vaccine

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the hepatitis B vaccine? A) it is a recombinant vaccine B) it is a form of subunit vaccine C) it consists of an internal protein from the virus D) it is produced in a host yeast cell E) all of the above statements are true

C) it consists of an internal protein from the virus

A person with type AB blood may receive A) type A blood B) type B blood C) type AB blood D) type O blood E) all of the above

E) all of the above

A subunit vaccine is composed of: A) microorganisms that have been killed by heat. B) microorganisms that have been killed by chemicals. C) microorganisms that have been weakened by radiation. D) microorganisms that are attenuated. E) purified parts of a microorganism

E) purified parts of a microorganism

A person with type O blood may receive blood from a person with type B blood. A) True B) False

False A person with type O blood has anti-B antibodies which would react against the type B antigen found on the red cells of type B blood.

If a person is sick with the common cold on May 1st, gets well, and then memory cells are exposed to the same virus on May 31st, what would the person's symptoms most likely be?

No symptoms at all

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells?

Perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells

Drag each characteristic on the left into the appropriate position on the right to identify whether it is associated with T cells, B cells, or both.

T Cells: Direct activation produced by MHC-I recognition. Mature from thymic tissues Direct activation produced by MHC-II recognition Include helper cell lines Can produce lethal hits to infected self cells B Cells: Antibody mediated immunity Differentiate into plasma cells when activated IgM and IgG formation in the secondary immune response Both: Produces memory cells Arise originally from bone marrow

Which of the following is true regarding infected cells?

They display peptide fragments of degraded viral proteins on their cell surface.

Which is of the following is true when interferon attaches to a cell?: a.) The virus can not enter the cell. b.) The virus can replicate within a cell but can not be released. c.) The virus can enter the cell but can not replicate. d.) Viral replication takes place as usual.

c.) The virus can enter the cell but can not replicate

When interferon from one cell attaches to a second cell, _________. a.) the recipient cell makes enzymes that prevent cell metabolism b.) the second cell now makes interferon and saves itself c.) the recipient cell makes enzymes that degrade mRNA and prevent viral protein synthesis d.) the recipient cell is able to kill bacteria

c.) the recipient cell makes enzymes that degrade mRNA and prevent viral protein synthesis

Lymphatic endothelial cells ____ have tight junctions and they do not have a continual basal lamina.

don't

Which of the following is true regarding interferon? a.) Interferon is produced as a specific response to a specific virus. b.) Interferon is able to save the cell that makes it. c.) Interferon kills all bacteria nonspecifically. d.) Interferon induces production of mRNA in the recipient cell. e.) Interferon is produced by one cell and used to warn nearby cells of the same type.

e.) Interferon is produced by one cell and used to warn nearby cells of the same type.

Lymphatic vessel ____ cells are different from blood vessel cells.

endothelial

Histamine released by mast cells leads to all of the following symptoms except __________. capillary dilation, airway constriction, high fever, mucus secretion, or itching.

high fever

There are large gaps between the endothelial cells so ____ and large molecules can pass between them.

lymphocytes

IgE molecules attach to __________ by their constant region.

mast cells

Which of the following is not necessary for IgE mediated hypersensitivity? Antigen presenting cells, B cells, IgE antibodies, Mast cells, or Neutrophils.

neutrophils

They will open and close due to the ____ of the lymph fluid flowing through the vessel.

pressure

The overlapping endothelial cells make ____ that can open and close.

valves

Cytotoxic T cells recognize __________.

viral antigens and class I MHC