US History CH 19 MC

What development led to the emergence of the modern skyscraper in the 1890s? A) The invention of the elevator B) The advent of structural steel C) The decline of corporate power D) The advent of cast iron

B) The advent of structural steel

What was the White City, which was constructed in 1893, five miles down the shore from Chicago? A) A shelter for Chicago's homeless and unemployed B) The home of the World's Columbian Exposition C) An art exhibit about the dangers of rapid technological advancements D) The site of newly constructed tenements for Chicago's slaughterhouse workers

B) The home of the World's Columbian Exposition

Why did Congress approve a literacy test for immigrants in 1896? A) To help schools develop curriculums for immigrant students B) To determine new immigrants' needs for social services C) As a means of limiting the influx of uneducated people into the country D) As part of a program to help new immigrants learn English

C) As a means of limiting the influx of uneducated people into the country

What developed as a result of the opening of department stores in the late-nineteenth-century United States? A) A new consumer culture B) A formal dress code for working women C) Changes in minimum-wage laws D) Stringent new notions of saving money

A) A new consumer culture

How did most new women immigrants come to the United States in the late-nineteenth century? A) As wives, mothers, or daughters B) As single, unskilled wage laborers C) As single, skilled workers D) As part of educated, well-off families

A) As wives, mothers, or daughters

What happened to the World's Columbian Exposition site after it closed its doors in October 1894? A) Chicago's unemployed and homeless took over its buildings. B) Chicago made it an official landmark. C) Real estate developers transformed it into a luxury housing complex. D) Chicago ordered the buildings burned to the ground.

A) Chicago's unemployed and homeless took over its buildings.

Along with the horse car, which mode of transportation first allowed late-nineteenth-century cities to expand into the suburbs? A) Electric streetcar B) Automobile C) Subway D) Bus

A) Electric streetcar

Which of the following developments changed the U.S. garment industry in the 1850s? A) Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers. B) The supply of cheap labor dried up. C) Women became the dominant force in its labor unions. D) Foreign countries began to manufacture most of the world's clothing.

A) Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers.

Which statement describes the Haymarket affair of 1886? A) It began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals. B) It took place in Boston on the Fourth of July. C) It involved railroad workers who wanted higher wages. D) It made the Knights of Labor more powerful than ever.

A) It began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals.

Which of the following describes the economic survival of the nineteenth-century American working-class family? A) It depended on the employment of every family member. B) It was assured as long as the male head of household was able to find a job. C) It was assured as long as both parents worked outside the home. D) It required the assistance of local social service agencies.

A) It depended on the employment of every family member.

According to Map 19.2: The Impact of Immigration, to 1910, which of the following states had the highest percentage of immigrant inhabitants? A) Michigan B) South Dakota C) Missouri D) Oregon

A) Michigan

Where did married black women typically work to supplement their family income in the late nineteenth century United States? A) Outside the home as domestics B) Outside the home as typists C) At home as pieceworkers D) At home by taking in boarders

A) Outside the home as domestics

What was the Knights of Labor? A) The first mass organization for American workers B) A group focused exclusively on native-born skilled workers C) The only union to exclude blacks and women D) A staunch ally of the American Federation of Labor

A) The first mass organization for American workers

How did live-in servants change households in the North by 1870? A) They enabled middle-class white women to explore opportunities outside the home. B) They made domestic service an honorable occupation for native-born American women to pursue. C) They had become a fixture of almost three-quarters of all urban households. D) They freed working women from the obligation of keeping house after working outside the home all day.

A) They enabled middle-class white women to explore opportunities outside the home.

Which of the following describes the majority of immigrants' lifestyles in the United States after 1900? A) They lived in cities because jobs were available there and because they did not have the money to buy land. B) The majority had left overcrowded conditions in their homeland to settle in America's farmlands. C) They had come to America to escape harsh economic conditions in Germany and Ireland. D) They lived in temporary housing in the United States and soon returned to their homes.

A) They lived in cities because jobs were available there and because they did not have the money to buy land.

Which statement describes late-nineteenth-century American libraries? A) They made up the most extensive free public-library system in the world. B) They were popular with laborers who took advantage of their free literacy programs. C) They were found only in Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City. D) They were privately funded and open only to members who could afford to pay.

A) They made up the most extensive free public-library system in the world.

Beginning in the 1870s, American men of all classes were united in their passion for A) baseball. B) dance halls. C) theater. D) church socials.

A) baseball.

In the late nineteenth century, some established immigrant groups viewed more recent immigrants as A) not being a part of the white race. B) being more dependent on government aid. C) having an easy time assimilating to life in the United States. D) being too critical of the United States

A) not being a part of the white race.

Which of the following factors contributed significantly to the astonishing growth in America's urban population between 1870 and 1900? A) The annexation of the rural areas surrounding America's major cities B) The migration of people from the rural areas of Europe and the United States C) The dramatic increase in the American birthrate D) The combination of a rising birthrate and urban annexation

B) The migration of people from the rural areas of Europe and the United States

In the post-Civil War United States, a "city boss" was A) an especially effective mayor who oversaw a large city as it industrialized. B) a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents. C) a corrupt politician who served primarily to benefit himself and his family. D) a city councilor who had served at least three consecutive terms.

B) a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents.

As middle- and upper-class urbanites moved to new areas of their cities in the late nineteenth century, poor city dwellers A) also moved to the outskirts of the industrial cities. B) became socially segregated from the wealthy. C) gained increasing economic and political power. D) saw the quality of their daily lives improve dramatically.

B) became socially segregated from the wealthy.

Employers sought to limit the control of skilled workers on the shop floor in the late nineteenth century A) through the use of violence and intimidation. B) by replacing people with machines. C) by forbidding shop-floor workers from talking during the workday. D) through hiring factory foremen to supervise every aspect of production.

B) by replacing people with machines.

Working as a skilled craftsman in America in the late nineteenth century A) meant guaranteed wages and year-round work. B) did not ensure financial security. C) was not much different from being a common laborer. D) required a secondary education.

B) did not ensure financial security.

The racism directed at ethnic immigrant groups in America in the late nineteenth century A) diminished as each new group of immigrants reached the country and diversified the population. B) was the product of the perception that ethnic and religious differences were racial characteristics. C) was directed only at those ethnic groups that had dark skin. D) divided the immigrant workforce between skilled laborers from Southern and Eastern Europe and unskilled laborers from Northern and Western Europe.

B) was the product of the perception that ethnic and religious differences were racial characteristics.

How did business expansion and consolidation affect the social structure in the late-nineteenth-century United States? A) Class differences in U.S. society largely disappeared. B) Racial differences in the U.S. workforce largely disappeared. C) A new class of white male salaried managers emerged. D) Women were able to earn higher wages and become managers.

C) A new class of white male salaried managers emerged.

What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? A) A revolutionary plot by the radical Workingman's party B) The result of a coalition of labor unions C) A spontaneous and unorganized event D) A plan by socialists to overthrow the government

C) A spontaneous and unorganized event

Which of the following describes the world economy at the turn of the twentieth century? A) An intense rivalry between the rapidly growing American industrial machine and the newly revived Western European manufacturing complex B) Three interlocking but intensely competitive geographic regions made up of the United States and Latin America, Europe and Africa, and Asia C) An industrial core, an agricultural domain, and a third world tied to the industrial core by economic colonialism D) Stagnant, as the nations hovered on the brink of a world war

C) An industrial core, an agricultural domain, and a third world tied to the industrial core by economic colonialism

Which group constituted the backbone of the American labor force throughout the nineteenth century? A) Skilled laborers B) Factory laborers C) Common laborers D) Sweatshop laborers

C) Common laborers

What did Jacob Riis achieve with his best-selling How the Other Half Lives (1890)? A) He produced the first internationally recognized American novel. B) He empowered the occupants of New York City's Lower East Side tenements. C) He forced middle-class Americans to acknowledge the degraded reality of the poor. D) He convinced established immigrant groups that new immigrants deserved respect.

C) He forced middle-class Americans to acknowledge the degraded reality of the poor.

How did the percentage of children under age fifteen working in the paid labor force in the United States change during the years leading up to World War I? A) It gradually decreased until it fell below 5 percent of the population. B) It dropped to virtually nothing owing to strict enforcement of child labor laws. C) It increased decade by decade. D) It remained much the same as it had been in 1870.

C) It increased decade by decade.

Which of the following was an outcome of the Haymarket affair? A) The eight-hour workday became law across the nation. B) Americans became sympathetic toward anarchists and labor unions. C) Skilled workers turned toward the American Federation of Labor. D) Business owners resolved to improve their relationship with labor.

C) Skilled workers turned toward the American Federation of Labor.

What late-nineteenth-century development did New York City's Brooklyn Bridge symbolize? A) A developing labor shortage B) The rapid decline of immigration to the United States C) The ascendancy of urban America D) America's frontier spirit

C) The ascendancy of urban America

"Storm the fort ye Knights of Labor, Battle for your cause; Equal rights for every neighbor Down with tyrant laws! Lazy drones steal all the honey From hard labor's hives; Bankers control the nation's money And destroy our lives." In the Knights of Labor's 1882 anthem "Storm the Fronts," who were the "tyrants" against whom the Knights fought? A) Former slave owners B) Corrupt politicians C) The idle rich D) Foreign rivals

C) The idle rich

New York City's Central Park was planned to provide A) a series of playing fields for professional athletes. B) a delivery route for businesses on the streets lining the park. C) a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city. D) a concentration of plant matter to ensure sufficient oxygen production.

C) a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city.

By the turn of the twentieth century, most big-city governments were run A) exclusively by city bosses and their cronies. B) by a powerful mayor who controlled the city council. C) by compromise and the accommodation of various powerful political forces. D) by boards and commissions of experts who were appointed by the mayor.

C) by compromise and the accommodation of various powerful political forces.

Most native-born white women who worked at the end of the nineteenth century held A) factory production jobs. B) jobs doing piecework in their homes. C) clerical jobs in offices. D) clerk jobs in department stores.

C) clerical jobs in offices.

Working-class courtship rituals in urban, industrial America in the late nineteenth century A) remained remarkably similar to those of preindustrial America. B) changed in that women met prospective husbands only through their families. C) consisted of informal meetings at dance halls and other commercial settings. D) favored working-class women who no longer had to rely on men to pay for their entertainment.

C) consisted of informal meetings at dance halls and other commercial settings.

Throughout much of the nineteenth century, middle-class American women were confined by a cultural ideology that dictated that they A) work outside the home to make ends meet. B) integrate workplace and home as much as possible. C) exist within the private sphere of the household. D) extend their sphere of influence to include charity work.

C) exist within the private sphere of the household.

Southern blacks migrated to northern cities in the 1890s A) to avoid conflict with migrant Mexican farmworkers. B) to join the Socialist Democratic party. C) for economic opportunities and safety. D) for religious reasons.

C) for economic opportunities and safety.

Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor, A) envisioned a union that would include skilled and unskilled workers. B) worked primarily to elect politicians who were sympathetic to labor. C) fought for higher pay and better working conditions for skilled labor. D) absolutely opposed strikes as a strategy for change.

C) fought for higher pay and better working conditions for skilled labor.

During the 1880s, the Knights of Labor advocated for A) overtime pay, paid sick days, and paid vacations. B) social revolution and workers' ownership of the means of production. C) public ownership of the railroads, an income tax, and equal pay for women. D) shorter hours for children and women who worked outside of their homes.

C) public ownership of the railroads, an income tax, and equal pay for women

What was the "Chicago school" of the late nineteenth century? A) A coalition of mob bosses and thugs who ruled the city's politics after the Great Fire B) A group of painters who embraced the fin de siècle impressionists in Europe C) An assembly of scholars and reformers who sought to address the city's urban decay D) A skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form

D) A skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form

Which statement describes the immigrant experience in late-nineteenth-century American cities? A) Irish and Swedish immigrants were prohibited from obtaining secondary school educations. B) Jews were involuntarily confined to ghettos. C) Polish and German workers were excluded from the burgeoning labor union movement. D) Asian immigrants on the West Coast were made economic scapegoats.

D) Asian immigrants on the West Coast were made economic scapegoats.

What did the public school system in late-nineteenth-century American cities provide? A) After-school programs B) Year-round programs for all children, including babies and toddlers C) Year-round programs and free tuition for children under age twelve D) Free tuition and open access to all school-aged children

D) Free tuition and open access to all school-aged children

What circumstances enabled U.S. industrialists to hire cheap labor from around the world in the 1870s? A) Only immigrants were willing to work as hard as the industrialists demanded. B) Native-born Americans refused to work for the low wages industrialists offered. C) There were no political barriers to hiring immigrants from northern Europe. D) Railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America.

D) Railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America.

According to Map 19.2: The Impact of Immigration, to 1910, which region had the highest percentage of immigrants in ca. 1910? A) West Coast B) East Coast C) South D) The border states

D) The border states

What did Coney Island symbolize in the late 1800s? A) The power of the church to control mass entertainment B) The Statue of Liberty's attraction for tourists C) The importance of nature as a retreat from urban life D) The rise of mass entertainment in America

D) The rise of mass entertainment in America

Which of the following describes the amenities of American city life in the 1890s? A) They came at great cost to immigrants and the poor. B) They enriched political bosses more than urban communities. C) They were equally available to people of all races and social classes. D) They were not easily accessible to the poor residents of cities.

D) They were not easily accessible to the poor residents of cities.

The advent of the adding machine, typewriter, and cash register had the greatest impact on A) literate white men. B) literate white women. C) immigrants who gained skills on the shop floor. D) illiterate women who wanted to learn new skills.

D) illiterate women who wanted to learn new skills.

The direction of corporate goals and policies in the late nineteenth century was increasingly shaped by A) market forces. B) workers' demands. C) stockholders and financiers. D) managers and executives.

D) managers and executives.