US History Ch 8

In 1806, both the British and French enacted "paper blockades." The British trade regulation was called Orders in Council and the French was called the____.

continental system

In response to a British attack on American warship off the coast of Virginia, the US passed the ____, which prohibited foreign commerce.

embargo act

The biggest problem for the Indians, ravaged by disease and dependent on white people for trade, was _____.

Unity

Discuss the goals of Jefferson's initial actions as president.

* Jefferson want to expand Westward * Spain transfer it claim to France * Napoleon sent an army to Haiti to put down the rebellion * Spain closes the port of New Orleans * Jefferson sent a delegation to France to inquired about purchasing New Orleans.

Explain how Louisiana became part of the US

* Jefferson wanted to expand Westward * Spain transfers claims to France * Napoleon sends a rebellion to Haiti(Sugar colony), slaves revolted * Spain closes port at New Orleans -Jefferson wanted the area around New Orleans for trade & Livingston & Monroe wrote a "hot" check for it in Paris.

Explain the results and significance of Marbury vs Madison.

* One of the judge who got a midnight appointment, by Adams, awaiting for his commission, refused to be delivrered by Marshall, THis is where the doctrin of judicial review arises Repeal of the legilastion. -Established the principle of judicial review. John Marshall established the legitimacy of the Supreme court.

Describe Jefferson's policy toward the Barbary pirates.

* Refused to continue paying tribute * Use military forces to allow American to sell. -Sending the U.S. Navy to deal with the problem.

Describe Jefferson's policy toward the Federalist Party judges.

* The Federalists pushed through * Created 16 new judges : THE MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENT * January - Adams Appointed John Maali as political judge, Jefferson's enemy * Removed as many judges as possible * When he could denied judges the opportunity to missed office -got congress to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801

Describe how Jefferson wished to cut the national debt.

-Cutting the national budget, cutting military spending, cutting the spending on the U.S. Navy, and closing several embassies in Europe * Closes embassies, retire war ships & reduce size of the military, repeat direct taxes, other reform in military.

Discuss the goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

-to explore the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase and to go to the Pacific Ocean -Discover whether the Missouri river may offer a more direct & practicable water communication to the far west, for the purpose of commerce

England outlawed the slave trade in _____.

1808

At the constitutional convention of 1787 the Northern and Southern states agreed in determining the size of a state's congressional delegation, a slave counts as _____ of a free white male.

3/5

In Jefferson's term, he reduced the size of the army by _____.

50%

In the war that started in 1803 between England and France, the Royal Navy seized American ships and impressed as high as _____ American sailors.

9000

Hartford Convention

An assembly of New England Federalists who met in Hartford, Connecticut, in December 1814 to protest President James Madison's foreign policy in the War of 1812, which had undermined commercial interests in the North. They proposed amending the Constitution to prevent future presidents from declaring war without a two-thirds majority in Congress.

Discuss Aaron Burr's conspiracies.

An attempt to be elected Governor of New York & then take New York and New England out of the U.S./ an attempt to detach the Southwest around Louisiana from the U.S.

Battle of New Orleans

Battle that occurred in 1815 at the end of the War of 1812 when U.S. forces defeated a British attempt to seize New Orleans.

The war hawks believed even though the US has a tiny army and navy they still would be able to sweep the British out of ____.

Canada

War Hawks

Congressional leaders who, in 1811 and 1812, called for war against Britain.

Describe the demands of the Hartford Convention.

Demanded an end to the 3/5 clause, One term presidents with no two consecutive ones from the same state, 2/3 majority to declare war, & 2/3 majority to pass embargoes

Explain the causes of the War of 1812.

Desire for expansion, frontier Indian attacks on U.S. supported by the British. Impressment & national Honor & the War Hawks * Inteference with American shipping; Trade matters * Indians resistance to Westward expansion. *Heavy pressurre form War hoax, who belived the war was necessary to the defend their honor of the US. Not a cause: any desite of the Unithr

Explain the results of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814

Did not deal with neutral rights, was written & signed prior to the Battle of New Orleans, and was a status quo antebellum treaty. * It ended the fighting, no territory/money changes hands

Discuss in general terms the military campaigns (Cananda, Chesapeake, and New Orleans) of the war of 1812

Failed to capture Canada/Saw the British capture Washington D.C./ Saw the U.S. successfully defend Baltimore/Us thought they won the war when they won at New Orleans, even though the war was officially over earlier. * Canada was thought to be an easy target Canadian campaign, it involved an unsuccesful attempt The chesapeake bay campaign: the British ceased Washingnton Dc, and burnt the white house The Chesapeake campaign is something

_____ originally planned to join Aaron Burr to separate the Western states and territories from the Union.

General James Wilkinson

____ led an army and defeated the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe.

General William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory

_____ was an assembly of New England Federalist to protest President Madison's foreign policy and the war of 1812.

Hartford Convention

Embargo Act

In response to a British attack on an American warship off the coast of Virginia, this 1807 law prohibited foreign commerce.

Marbury vs. Madison

In this 1803 landmark decision, the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional.

_____ was the fourth President and also considered the father of the US constitution.

James Madison

_____ created several circuit courts and sixteen new judgeship's.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Name the US disadvantages on entering the War of 1812

Lack of financial resources due to refusal to raise taxes, Lack of an adequate army & Navy. Also New England refused to join the war effort. * the UsA is a military weak nation. * he political beliefs of the party in power, is oppose * New Englanderds refused to cooporate in the war,

For only 15 million, the Americans doubled the size of the United States with the ______.

Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Overland expedition to the Pacific coast (1804-1906) let by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, it collected scientific data about the country and its resources.

_____ and _____ became important commercial ports because of their strategic location on the Ohio River.

Pittsburgh and Cincinnati

_____ sailed the first American steamship up the Hudson River in 1807.

Robert Fulton

Describe the basic beliefs of the Democratic-Republican Party in 1801.

Strict interpretation of the constitution * role of the federal govt in ordinary people life should be reduce. * Peaceful form of relations

Name the Indian Chief defeated by William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe.

Tecumseh

List the major legislation impacting the US economy during the British-French war.

The French berlin decree, the British Orders in Council, the French Milan Decree, & and the U.S. Embargo Act. British & the French are aolso t qa America benefit from the treaty * Impressement of sailors Seizure shipsss Jefferson reaction: Try to negociate with British for a while

The survival of Fort McHenry from British bombardment inspired Francis Scott key to write ____.

The Star-Spangled Banner

Judicial Review

The authority of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of the statutes

Describe Madison's reaction of the British-French war.

The embargo act prohibit American sships from trading for anyone. * Jefferson desire for peace is now bumping up on thid oof Not much effect in the Britid * He first try to use legislation to affect shipping , in a way to persuade the Btitity * Ask fo a declarartion of war Madison runs and he's elected

Describe the Democratic-Republican Party's attack on the Federalist Judges.

The impeachment & removal of Judge Pickering/ also the impeachment, but no conviction, of Justice Chase * Attack of just repeal the judicial act that created those judgeship. * To empitch judges

Describe Jefferson's reaction of the British-French war.

The policy of peaceable coercion, the Embargo Act of 107, and an economic disaster for U.S. Farmers

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi River and doubled the size of the nation.

War of 1812

War between Britain and the United States. U.S. justifications for war included British violations of American maritime rights, impressment of seamen, provocation of the Indians, and defense of national honor.

Congressional leaders who in 1811 and 1812 called for war with England were called _____.

War hawks

Discuss the motivation and movement of westerners in the early 19th century.

Westerners went to the west searching for land. They used water transportation, and the Mississippi river was a crucial commercial link.

The Georgia assembly sold 35 million acres of Western land and sold it to private companies at bargain prices called the _____.

Yazoo claims

The prosperity of the United States before 1820 depended on _____ and _____.

agriculture and trade

Thomas Jefferson criticized the institution of slavery but also believed that African Americans were _____ to whites.

inferior

In regards to debt, Jefferson felt elected legislators did not have the right to ______.

mortgage the future of unborn Americans

African Americans represented roughly _____ of the population in the early 1800 in the US.

one fifth

Because of the high cost of moving goods over land, _____ represented the only economic means of carrying agricultural products to distant markets.

riverboats

Thomas Jefferson ran for presidency with three goals: _____, _____, and ______.

the reduction of the size and cost of federal government, the repeal of obnoxious Federalist legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts, and the maintenance of international peace

Southern agriculture concentrated on staple crops _____, ______, and _____ while Northern farmers produced _____ and ______.

tobacco, rice, and cotton; livestock and cereal crops

Most European nations paid the pirates ____ to protect their merchant ships in the Mediterranean.

tribute

The French army Napolean sent to put down Haiti was destroyed by _____.

tropical diseases