US History: CH19 The Cold War
U-2 Incident
"A 1969 incident in which the Soviet military used a guided missile to shoot down an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory (p. 661).
NATO
"Alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved (p. 647)"
Joseph McCarthy
"He was a senator who hated communism and accused some american of being communist. He created McCarthyism. He later fell due to a televised hearing of his and many american were appalled by his bullying tactics. pg ( 657-658)
Why did Stalin want satellite nations?
"Stalin wanted satellite nations because the Soviet Union was determined to rebuild in ways that would protect its own interests after losing 17 million people and suffering widespread destruction during the war. One way for them to achieve this was satellite nations, these were located on the western borders of the Soviet Union and served as a buffer zone against attacks. (Page 639)
38th Parallel
"The latitude line running across Korea at around the midpoint of the peninsula. This later became part of the border between North and South Korea. (pg 653)"
How did General MacArthur contribute to UN success in the Korean War?
(pg 655) General Douglas MacArthur contributed to the UN's success by establishing Western Democracy in Korea, pulling the invaders from South Korea, and making a strategy that would cause enemy supply lines to cut off.
Iron Curtain
...not yet answered...Bobby
What effect did the Korean War have on the federal budget?
...not yet answered...Daniella
Brinksmanship
...not yet answered...Kenny
Why was the American public frustrated with the outcome of the War?
34,000 U.S. soldiers were killed and 104,000 U.S. soldiers were wounded in the conflict, yet Korea remained divided in nearly the exact same place. Americans were confused as to why so many people were injured or killed only for there to be little to no benefit for the United States. (Page 656)
Arms Race
A contest between nations to gain weapons superiority. The United States and the Soviet Union were always struggling for world leadership and with this they could accomplish it. (Pg. 660)
Blacklist
A list circulated among employers containing the names of persons who should not be hired pg 650
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance with its satellite nations in Eastern Europe...the communist nations led by the Soviet Union (Page 648)
Marshall Plan
A program that called for the nations of Europe to draw up a plan for economic recovery from WWII
Why was the iron curtain a good description of the Soviet presence in Eastern Europe?
A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the division between Communist and non-Communist life. Churchill wanted Americans to help keep Stalin from enclosing any more nations behind this separation between Communist domination and oppression. (pg. 640)
Korean War
A war that broke out after North Korean troops moved across the 38th parallel determined to reunite Korea by force. America was brought into it when China fell to Communist and Truman wanted to help out in the situation. Also known as the " Forgotten War". (pg. 654)
What advances in Soviet technology increased US anxiety during the 1950s?
Americans realized that the Rocket, Sputnik, was able to carry a hydrogen bomb. This brought shock and fear to the Americans.(661)
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur- General for the United States during WWII, The Great Depression, and Korean War; Truman forced him to resign in 1951 during the Korean War.
House Un-American Activities Committee
Established in 1938 to investigate disloyalty on the eve of World War II. (pg. 650)
Truman Doctrine
Harry Truman's 1947 speech before a joint session of Congress, calling for the U.S. to take leadership role in the world, and declaring the U.S. would support nations threatened by communism.
Why did President Eisenhower feel that the US should not become involved in the affairs of the Soviet Union satellite countries in Eastern Europe?
He saw the risks of confronting the Soviets and did not want to intervene at all costs. (page 659)
How was the Cold War waged in the Middle East?
In Iran,The United States overthrew nationalist government and restored the pro American Shah of Iran to power and the US supported Israel which was attacked by the Arabs who were supported by the Soviets. (pg. 659)
Why was NATO formed?
It was formed to protect Western Europe from the communists. It consisted of America, Canada, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal. These countries agreed an armed attack on one or more of them would be considered an attack on all of them. (Page 647-648)
Why was the Korean War referred to as "UN Police Action" rather than a war?
It was referred to because when Russia left the United Nations the rest of the countries addressed the issue between North and South Korea. The UN countries decided to make the United Nations Command and 16 member nations helped the United States to defeat Russia and North Korea.(pg 654)
Why was Korea "temporarily" divided in 1945?
Korea was divided in two because the Soviet soldiers accepted the surrender of Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel, the latitude line running across Korea at approximately the midpoint of the peninsula. American forces did the same south of the parallel. While the dividing line was never intended to be permanent, Korea was divided. (pg. 563)
ICBM
Long ranged rockets created by the Soviet Union to combat U.S. airplanes that can carry nuclear warheads.
McCarthyism
Named after Joe McCarthy, is the practice of accusing anyone who does not support a cause, and is automatically a spy or traitor. (pg 659)
Satellite nation
Nation dominating a country politically and economically... a member of the team... either NATO (the democracies) or the Warsaw Pact (the communists) (pg. 639)
Berlin Airlift
Operation that moved supplies into West Berlin by American and British planes during a Soviet in 1948-1949 (pg. 647)
How did McCarthy's smear tactics spread suspicion and fear in the US?
People worried that opposition to his tactics would brand them as Communist sympathizers. pg. 658
What were two events that occurred in 1949 that increased American concerns about the Cold War?
President Truman's terrifying annoucement about the atomic bomb the Soviet Union had successfully tested an atomic bomb and the China fell to communisim. (pg 648)
Hollywood Ten
Ten members of the HUAC who were accused of being part of the Communist Party who declined to answer the HUAC's questions (p. 650)
Why do you think that the Korean War is sometimes referred to as "America's Forgotten War?"
The Korean War is sometimes referred to "America Forgetten War" because American had gotten used to more wars and more victories. They almost forgot about this war because so many had been before it. It was nothing new. (pg. 652, 656)
What did the US hope to achieve through the Marshall Plan?
The US wanted the nations of Europe to draw up a program for economic recovery from the war with this plan.pg644-645
How was the Cold War waged in Latin America?
The United States acted to support pro-American governments and to suppress Communist influences in Latin America, especially where American companies had large investments. The U.S. troops had invaded Nicaragua and Honduras to prop up leaders who supported American interests. In 1954, the CIA helped overthrow the government of Guatemala. (pg. 660)
How was the Cold War waged in Southeast Asia?
The United States helped France to try to gain control of their colony, Vietnam. The colony was divided into the north and south. The north was the communist section and the south was the anti-communist section. The United States aided the south but did not get too involved. (p 659)
Cold War
The competition and rivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world. (Pg 640)
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
The first U.S. civilians to be excecuted for espionage.
Sputnik
The first artificial satellite to orbit Earth, launched by the Soviets in 1957 (pg. 661)
Collective Security
The principal of mutual military assistance among nations. This is saying that if an attack happens between one of the NATO members, than it is an attack against all of them.
Why were loyalty programs considered to be unfair?
They did an investigation on all new and old employees who might be engaged in suspicious activities, those accused of disloyalty were brought before a Loyal Review Board. Those often brought upon the board had little chance to defend themselves. Rather than being considered innocent until proven guilty, they found that the accusation alone made it difficult to clear their names. The program added to a climate of suspicion taking hold in the country.
How did the Korean War begin?
This war begin in June 1950 when North Korean troops streamed across the 38th Parallel taking South Korea and Americans by surprise even though they were trying to make amends.(pg. 654)
Alger Hiss
This was the former state department official as a possible communist spy by House un-american activities committee after wwII:convicted of perjury in 1950 (Pg.651)
In what ways did the US and Soviet Union engage in an arms race during the 1950s?
Throughout the 1950's, the United States and the Soviet Union waged an increasingly intense struggle for world leadership. Nowhere was the competition more dangerous than in the arms race, the struggle to gain weapons superiority.(pg 660)
How do the policy of containment and the Truman Doctrine complement each other (work together)?
Truman established the Truman Doctrine along with the policy of containment to prevent the spread of Communism to Greece and Turkey (pg. 642)
In what ways did Truman succeed by ordering the Berlin Airlift?
Truman managed to move supplies into West Berlin by military planes. More than 200,000 flights were made by these planes to deliver supplies like food, water, gas, and other supplies. Nearly 13,000 tons of goods arrived in Berlin a day. (pg. 647)
Military-industry complex
employing millions of Americans and having a financial stake in war-making creating a threat to peace. (Pg. 661)
McCarron-Walter Act
law that was passed in 1952; reaffirmed the quota system that had been established for each country in 1924. {page 651}
Deterrence
the policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack for fear of retaliation. (pg 660)
Containment
the strategy developed to stop communism from spreading at every turn.
