U.S history chapter 10 (great depression)

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

Drought

A long period of dry weather

Facism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition

Repatriation

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

stock market

A system for buying and selling shares of companies

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Woody Guthrie

American songwriter and folksinger who flourished in the 1930s, writing numerous songs about social injustice and the hardships of the Great Depression years; two of his best-remembered songs are "This Land is Your Land" and "So Long, It's Been Good to Know Yuh."

speculation

An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit.

Why did many people living in the Dust Bowl region stay during the 1930s?

Due to low crop prices and high machinery costs, more submarginal lands were put into production.

How did the scale and duration of human actions, including modifying the landscape, affect the natural systems of the Great Plains during the Dust Bowl?

Farmers left their fields unplanted for months, without the deep roots of the praire grasses , there was nothing to keep the soil in its place.

Mexican Repatriation Act

Forced thousands of legal and illegal mexican immigrants out of the country during the 1930's

mass media

Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash

Why did President Hoover rely on voluntary action of citizens to try to address the economic crisis of the Great Depression?

He believed that traditional self-reliance and volunteer spirit of the American people provided the most dependable means of combating the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

Why was Hoover's Response to drought victims in the Midwest unwise from a political standpoint?

Herbert Hoover's response to drought victims in the Midwest in the early 1930s was unwise from a political standpoint for several reasons: Lack of federal aid: Despite the severity of the drought, Hoover did not initially provide federal aid to the affected farmers and communities.

How did public pressure and opinion affect the political actions of Hoover and his administration?

Hoover's conservative political stance, however, limited his ability to respond to the situation.

How were African Americans, married women, Mexicans, and Mexican Americans hurt by the unemployment of white male workers?

Married women were accused of taking jobs away from men who were supposed to do the work and provide income for the family. As a result, women were dismissed from the southern teaching jobs and were fired from most corporation jobs. African Americans were forced out of low-paying service jobs when white people were seeking work-force. Many Mexicans and Mexican-Americans were deported from the country or were pressured to leave the United States.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Measure of average of stock prices of major industries

How did overproduction lead to weakness in key sectors of the economy?

Overproduction resulted in over-saturated markets which meant the prices of goods greatly decreased and the markets eventually collapsed as there was no profit being made from the extremely low prices.

What role did religion play in the presidential race between Hoover and Smith?

People felt that smith would take orders from the pope. Herbert Hoover and Alfred Smith. Herbert won.

Hovervilles

Shantytowns named after president Hoover, because of the blame placed upon Hoover for the Depression.

What were the unintended consequences and complexities of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930?

Smoot-Hawley contributed to the early loss of confidence on Wall Street and signaled U.S. isolationism.

disposal income

The income one receives after taxes are taken into consideration.

How did mass media trends help people cope with the Great Depression?

The mass media trends helped keep people busy and heroes in comic books provided a sense of hope that everything was going to be all right during a time of uncertainty. The mass media such as films helped people get away from their troubles that were going on during the depression.

How might the social and economic impacts of the Dust Bowl refugees have influenced the reception the Okies received in California?

The resulting agricultural depression contributed to the Great Depression's bank closures, business losses, increased unemployment, and other physical and emotional hardships.

Gross National Product (GNP)

The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.

Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932

act that prohibited employers from punishing workers who joined unions and gave labor the right to form unions

injunction

an authoritative command or order

margin

buying a stock by paying only a fraction of the stock price and borrowing the rest

What warning signs suggested that the U.S. economy was not as prosperous as it appeared?

cuts in production, rise in unemployment, bank failures, and consumer borrowing.

Black Thursday/Tuesday

days that the stock market crashed; Oct. 24 and 29, 1928

What effect did speculation and buying on margin have on stock prices?

fueled further rises and created an economic bubble. Because of margin buying, investors stood to lose large sums of money if the market turned down, or failed to advance quickly enough.

Trading pool

groups formed to buy and sell large amounts of stocks

Revenue act of 1932

raised United States tax rates across the board, with the rate on top incomes rising from 25 percent to 63 percent.

What problem was the Emergency Relief and Construction Act of 1932 meant to solve?

relieve destitution, to broaden the lending powers of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and to create employment by providing for and expediting a public-works program.

How did citizens and politicians try to deal with the effects of widespread unemployment?

spend millions of dollars on various relief material and there was agricultural programs.

How did Folk music, photography, and literature help recount the plight of the poor during the Great Depression?

t help recount the plight of the poor during the Great Depression with photographs capturing the hard conditions that people endured during the Depression, literature portrayed the discrimination and struggles faced by many people, and folk music was often sung about the hard times many poor people endured.

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Why did veterans organize the Bonus Army?

to get the bonus payment now, when they really needed the money

underwrite

verb: to support financially Synonyms : subvent , subvention The latest symphony broadcast was made possible with underwriting from the Carnegie Endowment.

Why is it important that artists document significant historical events through their art?

we are able to gain insights into the artist themselves and the life that they led