U.S. History Chapter 4
What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe about African Americans and racial relations in the United States?
African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law
What happened to Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War?
Cuba became independent but the Platt Amendment tied it to the United States; Puerto Rico became a territory
Based on this map, which island was likely least affected by the naval blockade put in place by the United States?
Jamaica
This political cartoon makes the suggestion that
Taft did not continue Roosevelt's policies
What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature?
referendum
Based on information in the topic and on this map, which U.S. territory was acquired after the Spanish-American War?
American Samoa
According to this map, which foreign country held controlling power in the port cities in the main area where the Boxer Rebellion was centered?
Britain
Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President?
Progressive Party
"The man with only a little capital is finding it harder and harder to get into the field, more and more impossible to compete with the big fellow. Why? Because the laws of this country do not prevent the strong from crushing the weak." — Woodrow Wilson, 1913 The idea that President Wilson explained was the basis of a program he called
The New Freedom
The destruction caused by the hurricane that ravaged Galveston, TX in 1900 resulted in what kind of reform?
reforms in local government
"[Mexican Americans] are now employed to a considerable extent in the coal mines of Colorado and New Mexico, in the ore mines of Colorado and Arizona, in the smelters of Arizona, in the cement factories of Colorado and California, . . . and in fruit growing and canning in California. . . . Where they are employed in other industries, the same wage discrimination against them as was noted in the case of railroad employees is generally apparent." —Samuel Bryan, The Survey, September 1912 According to this quotation, Mexican Americans
suffered discrimination in many industries
"Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized." —Booker T. Washington, "The Educational Outlook in the South," July 16, 1884 What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans?
African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it
What trend does the graph show?
Between 1870 and 1910, more children went to school and fewer children worked.
In what way did California laws especially threaten Japanese immigrant farmers such as these?
California laws restricted their right to own land
"The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims. It is an effort frankly directed to the increase of American trade upon the axiomatic principle that the government of the United States shall extend all proper support to every legitimate and beneficial American enterprise abroad." —William Howard Taft, 1912 In this text, Taft is advocating what became known as
Dollar diplomacy
"If the street is not cleaned by the city authorities no amount of private sweeping will keep the tenement free from grime; if the garbage is not properly collected and destroyed a tenement-house mother may see her children sicken and die of diseases from which she alone is powerless to shield them, although her tenderness and devotion are unbounded. She cannot even secure untainted meat for her household, . . . unless the meat has been inspected by city officials." —Jane Addams, Ladies Home Journal, 1910 Which reform does this statement from Jane Addams support?
Greater social acceptance of recent immigrants
What effect did the phrase "Remember the Maine!" have on public opinion in the United States during the period just before the Spanish-American War?
It encouraged anger toward Spain and helped lead to war.
"All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international 'police power.'" —Theodore Roosevelt, "Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine" (Fourth Annual Message to Congress), December 6, 1904 In this message to Congress, Roosevelt is discussing American actions in
Latin America
In this painting, what does the large female figure symbolize?
Manifest Destiny
Which two acts from the early twentieth century shown in the table were most closely related to one another?
Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
"We must prove ourselves [Latin America's] friends and champions upon terms of equality and honor. . . . We must show ourselves friends by comprehending their interest, whether it squares with our own interest or not. . . . Comprehension must be the soil in which shall grow all the fruits of friendship. . . . I mean the development of constitutional liberty in the world." —Woodrow Wilson, October 27, 1913 In this message, President Wilson described the form of diplomacy he supported, also known as
Moral Diplomacy
"Let us all be frank. WE DO NOT WANT THE FILIPINOS. WE DO WANT THE PHILIPPINES. All of our troubles in this annexation matter have been caused by the presence in the Philippine Islands of the Filipinos. . . . The more of them killed the better. It seems harsh. But they must yield before the superior race." —San Francisco Argonaut, 1902 This statement is most consistent with which philosophy or movement?
Social Darwinism
"Here, then, senators, is the situation. Two years ago there was no land in all the world which we could occupy for any purpose. Our commerce was daily turning toward the Orient, and geography and trade developments made necessary our commercial empire over the Pacific. And in that ocean we had no commercial, naval, or military base. Today, we have one of the three great ocean possessions of the globe, located at the most commanding commercial, naval, and military points in the Eastern seas, within hail of India, shoulder to shoulder with China, richer in its own resources than any equal body of land on the entire globe, and peopled by a race which civilization demands shall be improved. Shall we abandon it?"—Albert J. Beveridge, "In Support of an American Empire," January 9, 1900 What "ocean possession" is Beveridge referring to in this statement?
The Philippines
What is the most likely reason this cartoon includes the rider with a newspaper rising from his helmet among the progressive "crusaders"?
The figure represents muckrakers who support progressive causes through their work.
"[T]hey followed their leader up the terrible hill from whose crest the desperate Spaniards poured down a deadly fire of shell and musketry. They never faltered. . . . [T]heir aim was splendid, their coolness was superb. . . . The war had not shown greater heroism." —War correspondent, 1898 In this text, the correspondent describes the soldiers who were under the command of
Theodore Roosevelt
"The visitor [to St. Louis] is told of the wealth of the residents, of the financial strength of the banks, and of the growing importance of the industries; yet he sees poorly paved, refuse-burdened streets, and dusty or mud-covered alleys; he passes a ramshackle firetrap crowded with the sick and learns that it is the City Hospital. . . . Finally, he turns a tap in the hotel to see liquid mud flow into [the] wash basin or bathtub." — Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore, "Corruption and Reform in St. Louis," McClure's Magazine, October 1902 According to Steffens and Wetmore, what best describes the often positive stories visitors are told about St. Louis before they come to the city?
Those stories are misleading
According to the information in the pie charts, which statement about the 1912 election is correct?
Wilson won a majority in the electoral vote, but not in the popular vote
"When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 The Square Deal that President Roosevelt describes insured that small business owners would
be given fair opportunities to compete
"Today we are raising more [crops] than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use. . . . Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor." —Senator Albert J. Beveridge, "The March of the Flag," 1898 In this text, what economic program is Senator Beveridge calling for?
expansion of foreign trade
What was one strategy used by the National Women's Party to secure passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?
hunger strikes and picketing
This political cartoon suggests that during President McKinley term in office, the United States was becoming increasingly
imperialistic
What was the outcome of the Foraker Act, passed by Congress in 1900?
it allowed for the appointment of a governor for Puerto Rico
In what way did the year 1898 represent a turning point for the United States?
it became an imperial power with colonies
What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
it legalized segregation in many parts of the country
This illustration depicts Theodore Roosevelt in his role as a
military leader
In this political cartoon, the witch flying over the Capitol building on a rake is meant to represent
muckraking journalism
"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government." —Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Which action would the American Anti-Imperialist League most likely consider "criminal aggression"?
occupying the Philippines
Which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose?
poor working conditions in American factories
What event led to the overthrow of Queen Liluokalank in Hawaii?
popular discontent with the queen's rule grew
"Laws permitting, and even requiring, [racial] separation in places where [the races] are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other, and have been generally, if not universally, recognized as within the competency of the state legislatures in the exercise of their police power. The most common instance of this is connected with the establishment of separate schools for white and colored children, which has been held to be a valid exercise of the legislative power even by courts of States where the political rights of the colored race have been longest and most earnestly enforced. ... We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment...." —Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court of the United States (163 U.S. 537), May 18, 1896 The Supreme Court decision cited in the text declared that
racial segregation was not unconstitutional
According to this chart, between the years 1870 and 1900 the number of women as a percentage of the entire workforce
rose slightly
On which institutions did the progressive leader John Dewey have the largest impact?
schools
These women have gathered to promote
the banning of alcohol sale and production
Which of the following did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 led to?
the construction of the Hoover Dam
The spike in population in Alaska Territory between 1880 and 1900 was mostly due to
the discovery of gold
"Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both of the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day. Unhampered by tradition, uncorrupted by power, undismayed by the magnitude of the task, the new party offers itself as the instrument of the people to sweep away old abuses, to build a new and nobler commonwealth." —Progressive Party Platform of 1912 This excerpt from the Progressive Party platform concerns which issue?
the relationship between government and industry
Why did industrialists support American expansion overseas?
to find markets to consume American surplus crops and commodities
What was the reason for the passage of the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?
to reward Native Americans for military service
What is Alfred T. Mahan best known for today?
transforming the United States into a naval power