U.S. History Final Flash Cards

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40%

By 1770, blacks made up what percentage of the southern population?

had extended sufferage to all adult white males

By the 1550's the political system of the white south

Were subjected to heavy surveillance

Compared to slavery in Barbados, slaves in the Chesapeake

Covenant of graces; because it was believed she was disrupting the good order of the colony

How did Anne Hutchinson stir religious controversy in early Massachusetts?

A struggle to preserve the union

How did Northerners view the war once it began?

They viewed them as a threat to the Puritan religion.

How did Puritans view Quakers?

Challenged religious leadership.

How did Roger Williams gain notoriety in England?

He approved the first 20 year charter of the national bank

How did Washington respond to Hamilton's idea for the Bank of the United States?

It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies.

How did the Declaratory Act show Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax?

It gave credence to the belief in the North that a slave power conspiracy existed

How did the Dred Scott decision increase sectional tension?

Unemployment increased

How did the Embargo Act of 1807 affect the United States?

The English spent less time trying to convert the Indians to Christianity.

How did the English of the Virginia Company differ from the Spanish colonists in the New World?

It widened the gap even further between the North and the South

How did the Mexican-American War affect the American politics?

17 northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues.

How did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 pass in the House of Representatives?

It was an internal act.

How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?

It changed the voter rolls more than the office holders

How did the democratization of politics in the South change the shape of the government?

Slavery

In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that the major differences between the North and South revolved around

Immediate end to slavery

In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched the Liberator in order to advocate for an

He needed support from the South to pass his legislation

In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act included a section repealing the Missouri Compromise because

strong support in the free states, or the more populous states.

In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president because he had

Committed a crime.

Indentured servants could have their servitude extended by years if they,

Poach on Spanish claims and on Indian land.

King James' land grant to the Virginia Company of over 6 million acres allowed English settlers to

3 unnamed French agents sent to negotiate with the U.S.

X, Y, and Z, were the code names for

Planters made good profits and feared economic change

Prior to the Civil War, why did the economy in the South remain agriculturally based instead of diversifying its economy?

When congress overstepped their powers, the states had a right to nullify congress acts.

The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that

raise and supply an army

The initial goal of the Second Continental Congress was to

Older women

The majority of accused witches came from which segment of the population?

include a Bill of Rights.

Virginia's constitution was the first to

He aimed to destroy the will of the southern people

What General William T. Sherman's strategy for defeating the Confederates in Georgia in 1864?

The use of steam for energy

What allowed factories to become more productive during the 1840's and 1850's?

Disputes over the Ohio Valley.

What caused the Seven Year's war?

A personal relationship with God.

What did English Puritans emphasize instead of Catholic rituals?

A slave's labor and obedience in exchange for the master's care and guidance

What did plantation owners mean when they described the master-slave relationship in terms of "paternalism"?

Prohibited trade between England, France, and the Colonies.

What did the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 do?

Made it to where only Virginia could tax Virginians.

What did the Virginia Resolves do?

To ban slavery in any territory acquired from or after the Mexican-American war.

What did the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 propose?

Dictated that anything that was good for England was colonial policy.

What did the concept of mercantilism dictate about the colonial economy?

Executive and Judicial branches.

What did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation?

It further divided the North and the South and advocated the need to use violence to overthrow slavery

What effect did John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry have on the south?

Huge state and federal war debts

What financial problem did the confederation government face after the war?

Indians lost their land

What happened in the aftermath of the Seven Years War?

He was hanged

What happened to John Brown after his raid on Harper's Ferry?

A farmer who owns a small plot of land sufficient to support his family and tilled largely by family and servants.

What is a yeoman farmer?

The fact that it was difficult to supply an army with food and supplies across three thousand miles of water

What obstacle did the British army face in the Revolutionary war?

He had to run against a Union army general; general George Mcclellon

What problem did President Lincoln face during the election of 1864?

A 3 part plan to make internal improvements to the United States

What was Henry Clay's "American System"?

Win battles and sue for peace

What was President Polk's strategy to win the war?

They were undermanned

What was one of the many weaknesses of the Continental Army?

A religious revival

What was the Great Awakening?

Outpouring of religious ferver

What was the Second Great Awakening?

It was a diversified, worldwide commercial economy focused on the Atlantic world.

What was the dominant feature of the eighteenth-century New England economy?

laws kept out 25-50% of all white males

What was the effect of property qualifications on voters and candidates in the new states.

New industries.

What was the effect of the growth of railroads in the 1850's?

1200 mile forced march on the Indians.

What was the infamous Trail of Tears?

The intent was to discourage the French immigrants already in the U.S.

What was the intent of the two Alien acts passed by Congress?

The Supreme Court's action disallowed a law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. (Judicial Review)

What was the lasting effect of the Marbury vs. Madison (1803) decision?

Political leaders realized the Articles of Confederation were inadequate.

What was the legacy of Shay's Rebellion?

settlers could live and cultivate the land

What was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead Act?

to punish revolt and conspiracy

What was the purpose of the Sedition Act of 1798?

The British won a costly battle

What was the significance of the battle of Bunker Hill?

It demonstrated that the Americans were in for a real war

What was the significance of the first battle at Manassas (or Bull Run) in July 1861?

The Union convinced France and Britain to buy cotton from Egypt instead of The Confederacy.

Why did King Cotton diplomacy fail?

Because the climate in South Carolina was similar to the climate in the Congo.

Why did South Carolina planters favor slaves from the central African Congo and Angola regions?

Because the state government had more power

Why did politicians prefer to work in state government instead of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?

They figured that the French Military presence around the great lakes would discourage the westward expansion of American colonists.

Why didn't the Iroquois feel compelled to help the British after the Albany Congress?

It allowed the government of the company to be located in the colony rather than in England.

Why was the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company unique?

The free population enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.

Why was the colonial economy in the eighteenth century unique?

The toll of the years fighting

Why were confederate soldiers demoralized during the waning months of the war?

Rich planters and poor farmers

Bacon's Rebellion erupted in 1676 as a dispute over Indian Policy, and ended as a conflict between

The richest in North America

As the eighteenth century progressed, tobacco, rice, and indigo made the southern colonies

50%

About what percentage of colonists in 1770 traced their ancestry to England?

A military necesity

Abraham Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as

emphasized justice

African American Christianity, created by the slaves themselves,

Excluding those who were not loyal to him

Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by

very low

During the winter of 1777-78 the Continental army morale was

Were uneducated

Most free blacks in the antebellum south

crop failures

Most of the Scots-Irish who came to the colonies were farm laborers or tenant farmers who were leaving behind

miscegenation

Most plantation mistresses kept their opinions on issues to themselves, but the diarist Mary Boykin Chesnut echoed most women in railing against

California

Per Compromise of 1850, which state entered the Union as a free state?

oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts

Republicans used the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions to

Roman Catholics

The American Party or the "Know-Nothings" appeared in the mid 1850's as

to restore monarchail power in the colonies and end a rebellion

The British goal in fighting the war with America was

closing the Boston harbor till tea was paid for

The Coercive acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of the Tea, included

committees if correspondence

The Gaspee incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committees known as

Yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.

The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to

The Battle of Antietam

The bloodiest day of the Civil War occurred September 17, 1862, at

His post war burdens would weigh almost as heavily as those of wartime

When the Civil war ended, President Lincoln was confident that

French forces taking control of the Chesapeake

Which event led to the end of the Revolutionary war at Yorktown?

Cold weather minimized diseases.

Which factor allowed New England's populations continue to grow steadily during the seventeenth century?

Hamilton favored the British

Which factor contributed to a rift between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson during the 1790's

General George Meade

Which general won the Battle of Gettysburg?

Displace the Indians and clear the way for permanent settlements in Ohio.

Which of the following describes the U.S. government's early policy toward Indians in the Northwest Territory?

Most Americans owned no land

Which statement describes the economic status of Americans by 1860?

South Carolina

Which was the first state to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election?

Harriet Tubman

Who founded the Underground Railroad?

Brigham Young

Who led the Mormon exodus to the Great Salt Lake?

Grain Farmers

Who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion?

The invention of the cotton gin

Why did American cotton production experience a boom in the late 1790's?

Because he saw Aaron Burr as a danger to the presidency

Why did Federalist Alexander Hamilton support Jefferson over Aaron Burr as the presidential election of 1800 played out in the House of Representatives?

Moral indictment of slavery and was very popular

Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852) influence Northerners' attitudes toward slavery?


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