U.S. History Final Flash Cards
40%
By 1770, blacks made up what percentage of the southern population?
had extended sufferage to all adult white males
By the 1550's the political system of the white south
Were subjected to heavy surveillance
Compared to slavery in Barbados, slaves in the Chesapeake
Covenant of graces; because it was believed she was disrupting the good order of the colony
How did Anne Hutchinson stir religious controversy in early Massachusetts?
A struggle to preserve the union
How did Northerners view the war once it began?
They viewed them as a threat to the Puritan religion.
How did Puritans view Quakers?
Challenged religious leadership.
How did Roger Williams gain notoriety in England?
He approved the first 20 year charter of the national bank
How did Washington respond to Hamilton's idea for the Bank of the United States?
It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies.
How did the Declaratory Act show Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax?
It gave credence to the belief in the North that a slave power conspiracy existed
How did the Dred Scott decision increase sectional tension?
Unemployment increased
How did the Embargo Act of 1807 affect the United States?
The English spent less time trying to convert the Indians to Christianity.
How did the English of the Virginia Company differ from the Spanish colonists in the New World?
It widened the gap even further between the North and the South
How did the Mexican-American War affect the American politics?
17 northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues.
How did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 pass in the House of Representatives?
It was an internal act.
How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?
It changed the voter rolls more than the office holders
How did the democratization of politics in the South change the shape of the government?
Slavery
In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that the major differences between the North and South revolved around
Immediate end to slavery
In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched the Liberator in order to advocate for an
He needed support from the South to pass his legislation
In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act included a section repealing the Missouri Compromise because
strong support in the free states, or the more populous states.
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president because he had
Committed a crime.
Indentured servants could have their servitude extended by years if they,
Poach on Spanish claims and on Indian land.
King James' land grant to the Virginia Company of over 6 million acres allowed English settlers to
3 unnamed French agents sent to negotiate with the U.S.
X, Y, and Z, were the code names for
Planters made good profits and feared economic change
Prior to the Civil War, why did the economy in the South remain agriculturally based instead of diversifying its economy?
When congress overstepped their powers, the states had a right to nullify congress acts.
The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that
raise and supply an army
The initial goal of the Second Continental Congress was to
Older women
The majority of accused witches came from which segment of the population?
include a Bill of Rights.
Virginia's constitution was the first to
He aimed to destroy the will of the southern people
What General William T. Sherman's strategy for defeating the Confederates in Georgia in 1864?
The use of steam for energy
What allowed factories to become more productive during the 1840's and 1850's?
Disputes over the Ohio Valley.
What caused the Seven Year's war?
A personal relationship with God.
What did English Puritans emphasize instead of Catholic rituals?
A slave's labor and obedience in exchange for the master's care and guidance
What did plantation owners mean when they described the master-slave relationship in terms of "paternalism"?
Prohibited trade between England, France, and the Colonies.
What did the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 do?
Made it to where only Virginia could tax Virginians.
What did the Virginia Resolves do?
To ban slavery in any territory acquired from or after the Mexican-American war.
What did the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 propose?
Dictated that anything that was good for England was colonial policy.
What did the concept of mercantilism dictate about the colonial economy?
Executive and Judicial branches.
What did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation?
It further divided the North and the South and advocated the need to use violence to overthrow slavery
What effect did John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry have on the south?
Huge state and federal war debts
What financial problem did the confederation government face after the war?
Indians lost their land
What happened in the aftermath of the Seven Years War?
He was hanged
What happened to John Brown after his raid on Harper's Ferry?
A farmer who owns a small plot of land sufficient to support his family and tilled largely by family and servants.
What is a yeoman farmer?
The fact that it was difficult to supply an army with food and supplies across three thousand miles of water
What obstacle did the British army face in the Revolutionary war?
He had to run against a Union army general; general George Mcclellon
What problem did President Lincoln face during the election of 1864?
A 3 part plan to make internal improvements to the United States
What was Henry Clay's "American System"?
Win battles and sue for peace
What was President Polk's strategy to win the war?
They were undermanned
What was one of the many weaknesses of the Continental Army?
A religious revival
What was the Great Awakening?
Outpouring of religious ferver
What was the Second Great Awakening?
It was a diversified, worldwide commercial economy focused on the Atlantic world.
What was the dominant feature of the eighteenth-century New England economy?
laws kept out 25-50% of all white males
What was the effect of property qualifications on voters and candidates in the new states.
New industries.
What was the effect of the growth of railroads in the 1850's?
1200 mile forced march on the Indians.
What was the infamous Trail of Tears?
The intent was to discourage the French immigrants already in the U.S.
What was the intent of the two Alien acts passed by Congress?
The Supreme Court's action disallowed a law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. (Judicial Review)
What was the lasting effect of the Marbury vs. Madison (1803) decision?
Political leaders realized the Articles of Confederation were inadequate.
What was the legacy of Shay's Rebellion?
settlers could live and cultivate the land
What was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead Act?
to punish revolt and conspiracy
What was the purpose of the Sedition Act of 1798?
The British won a costly battle
What was the significance of the battle of Bunker Hill?
It demonstrated that the Americans were in for a real war
What was the significance of the first battle at Manassas (or Bull Run) in July 1861?
The Union convinced France and Britain to buy cotton from Egypt instead of The Confederacy.
Why did King Cotton diplomacy fail?
Because the climate in South Carolina was similar to the climate in the Congo.
Why did South Carolina planters favor slaves from the central African Congo and Angola regions?
Because the state government had more power
Why did politicians prefer to work in state government instead of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
They figured that the French Military presence around the great lakes would discourage the westward expansion of American colonists.
Why didn't the Iroquois feel compelled to help the British after the Albany Congress?
It allowed the government of the company to be located in the colony rather than in England.
Why was the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company unique?
The free population enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.
Why was the colonial economy in the eighteenth century unique?
The toll of the years fighting
Why were confederate soldiers demoralized during the waning months of the war?
Rich planters and poor farmers
Bacon's Rebellion erupted in 1676 as a dispute over Indian Policy, and ended as a conflict between
The richest in North America
As the eighteenth century progressed, tobacco, rice, and indigo made the southern colonies
50%
About what percentage of colonists in 1770 traced their ancestry to England?
A military necesity
Abraham Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as
emphasized justice
African American Christianity, created by the slaves themselves,
Excluding those who were not loyal to him
Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by
very low
During the winter of 1777-78 the Continental army morale was
Were uneducated
Most free blacks in the antebellum south
crop failures
Most of the Scots-Irish who came to the colonies were farm laborers or tenant farmers who were leaving behind
miscegenation
Most plantation mistresses kept their opinions on issues to themselves, but the diarist Mary Boykin Chesnut echoed most women in railing against
California
Per Compromise of 1850, which state entered the Union as a free state?
oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts
Republicans used the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions to
Roman Catholics
The American Party or the "Know-Nothings" appeared in the mid 1850's as
to restore monarchail power in the colonies and end a rebellion
The British goal in fighting the war with America was
closing the Boston harbor till tea was paid for
The Coercive acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of the Tea, included
committees if correspondence
The Gaspee incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committees known as
Yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.
The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to
The Battle of Antietam
The bloodiest day of the Civil War occurred September 17, 1862, at
His post war burdens would weigh almost as heavily as those of wartime
When the Civil war ended, President Lincoln was confident that
French forces taking control of the Chesapeake
Which event led to the end of the Revolutionary war at Yorktown?
Cold weather minimized diseases.
Which factor allowed New England's populations continue to grow steadily during the seventeenth century?
Hamilton favored the British
Which factor contributed to a rift between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson during the 1790's
General George Meade
Which general won the Battle of Gettysburg?
Displace the Indians and clear the way for permanent settlements in Ohio.
Which of the following describes the U.S. government's early policy toward Indians in the Northwest Territory?
Most Americans owned no land
Which statement describes the economic status of Americans by 1860?
South Carolina
Which was the first state to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election?
Harriet Tubman
Who founded the Underground Railroad?
Brigham Young
Who led the Mormon exodus to the Great Salt Lake?
Grain Farmers
Who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion?
The invention of the cotton gin
Why did American cotton production experience a boom in the late 1790's?
Because he saw Aaron Burr as a danger to the presidency
Why did Federalist Alexander Hamilton support Jefferson over Aaron Burr as the presidential election of 1800 played out in the House of Representatives?
Moral indictment of slavery and was very popular
Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852) influence Northerners' attitudes toward slavery?
