US History Final
Which year saw a shocking political announcement, a pair of traumatic assassinations, and finally a violent political convention in Chicago
1968
The bus boycott in Montgomery lasted for
381 days (over a year)
The Vietnam war resulted in the deaths of approximately ___ Young Americans and the injury of more than 300,000
58,000
In Gideon v Wainwright the supreme court ruled that, regardless of the ability to pay, a defendant in a state court had the right to
A lawyer
Less than a month after the attacks of September 11, 2001 the United States invaded ____, the country that had sheltered Osama bin laden and other al-Qaeda members
Afghanistan
The "X" in Malcolm X's name stood as a symbol for the family name of his _______________ ancestors who had been enslaved.
African
Reapportionment as required by the warren court shifted more political power to
African Americans and largely populated urban areas
Dr. King selected Selma, Alabama, for a protest march because
African Americans were the majority, but only a fraction were registered to vote (3%)
In the 1970s the federal government began deregulating the ____ Industry, leading to the rise of competing phone companies
Airline
To improve relations between the United States and Latin America, president Kennedy proposed a series of cooperative aid projects with Latin American governments called
Alliance for Progress
The purpose of the Warren Commission was to investigate
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
On April 17, 1961, armed Cuban exiles landed on the south coast of Cuba at
Bay of Pigs
Céasar Chávez organized a national boycott of table grapes to demand increased wages for farm workers, better benefits, and
Better working conditions
What group called for an end to racial oppression and for control of major institutions in the African American community?
Black Panthers
Outraged by Rosa Parks's arrest, Jo Ann Robinson, Head of the local organization called the women's political council, called on African Americans to
Boycott Montgomery's buses on the day Rosa parks appear in court
The telecommissions act passed in 1996 change the telecommissions industry by
Brought cable under federal rules that long governed telephone radio and TV industries. Allowed them to offer services and gather their permits
The invasion of ___ under President Nixon sparked protests because many Americans viewed it as a widening of the war
Cambodia
In May 1989 students and workers held demonstrations calling for democracy in
China
President Johnson feared that directly attacking North Vietnam would bring ___ into the war
China
The Supreme Court's decision in Reynolds v. Sims shifted political power throughout the country to
Citizens
Which act the president chanson signed into law on July 2, 1964
Civil rights act of 1964
Which of the following established emissions standards for factories and automobiles
Clean Air Act of 1970
After the United States and its direct involvement in Vietnam the, North Vietnamese captured Saigon and United Vietnam under
Communist rule
Which event contributed to Nikita Khrushchev's fall from power in 1964?
Cuban Missile Crisis
The environmental Defense fund was established by a group of scientists to finance a series of legal actions in the late 1960s and early 1970s to halt
DDT spraying
The Southern manifesto encouraged white southerners to
Defy the Supreme Court
The Chicago movement was an attempt to call attention to the
Deplorable housing conditions many African American families faced.
In Little Rock, Arkansas, The governor tried to prevent African-American students from entering a white high school by
Deploying the National Guard
Reagan's first act as president was to sign an executive order eliminating price controls on oil and gasoline, a step towards
Deregulation
On May 7, 1954, French forces fell to the Vietminh at _________.
Dien Bien Phu
In South Vietnam a mock set himself on fire to protest
Discrimination against Buddhists
The ____ was the belief that if Vietnam fell to Communism so, too, would the other nations of south east Asia
Domino Theory
Many observers point to April 1970 and the celebration of ___ as the beginning of the environmental movement
Earth Day
The elementary and secondary ___ of 1965 granted millions of dollars to public and private schools
Education
When first established, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference set out to end segregation and
Encourage African Americans to register to vote
Some Americans oppose the massive growth of ___ programs under the great society and criticized it for intruding too much into their lives
Federal funded
In June 1973, John Dean testified that the Watergate break-in had been ordered by
Former Attorney General John Mitchell
The ______________ traveled into South by bus to test compliance with laws outlawing segregation in interstate bus service.
Freedom Riders
Presidential Commission on the Status of Women called for federal action against ___discrimination
Gender
The ___ government called for free elections to unite north Vietnam and south Vietnam under a single government
Geneva Accords
Nixon's Vietnamization plan called for
Gradual withdrawal of US troops well south Vietnamese assumed more of the fighting
What was President Johnson's vision of the more perfect and equitable society the United States could and should become called
Great Society
Robert Kennedy tried to help African-Americans register to vote by
Having the Justice Department file lawsuits throughout the South.
Why was Diem's South Vietnamese government so unpopular
He favorite Catholics over Buddhists although Buddhism was the leading religion. His land policies they were wealthy landowners at the expense of peasants
Lyndon Johnson's project ___ funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged
Head Start
North Vietnam sent arms and supplies south by way of a network of jungle paths known as the
Ho Chi Minh Trail
The new cabinet agency created during the Johnson Administration was the department of __
Housing and Urban Development
Nearly half of American women were in the workforce in the 1960s but most worked
In Lower paying jobs
The supreme court'ss ruling in brown the Board of Education ended racial segregation
In public schools
By 2007 over one billion people worldwide were regularly communicating via the ___________
Internet
What lead investigators to conclude that the burglars who broke into Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate building in 1972 were connected to President Richard Nixon's administration
James McCord of the CIA was a committee member of the presidential reelection
Who is the first American to orbit earth
John Glenn
Can you be canceled air support for the Bay of Pigs invasion in order to
Keep America's involvement a secret
When the supreme court ordered school districts to end school segregation " with all deliberate speed," The wording was big enough that many districts were able to
Keep their schools segregated for many more years
African-American leaders formed the Montgomery improvement Association to ride the bus boycott and elect a pastor named Dr. Martin Luther ___ Jr, to lead the new organization
King
In August 1969, Henry____ entered into secret negotiations with north Vietnam's negotiator Le Duc Tho
Kissinger
Which nation allowed the United States to attack Iraq from its territory in 2003
Kuwait
After his pilgrimage to Makkah, ____ concluded that an integrated society was possible
Malcolm X
Who had become a symbol of the black power movement that was sweeping the nation by early 1960s
Malcom X
In 1956 a group of 101 southern members of Congress signed the southern ___, denouncing the supreme court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education as a clear abuse of judicial power
Manifesto
Kennedy was unable to pass many of his domestic programs because
Many Democrats in Congress did not feel that he helped them win their seats also new frontier was expensive
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech during the
March on Washington
The United States invaded Iraq because it was believed that Suddam Hussein possessed weapons of
Mass destruction
Which Great Society program was a comprehensive health insurance program for all senior citizens?
Medicare
The wave of emmigration from Mexico to the United States that began in 1910 was caused by which of the following
Mexican Revolution
Who wrote the influential book the other America
Michael Harrington
During the Kennedy administration, Congress agreed with the president and approved a law that raised the
Minimum wage
Although the civil rights movement did not lead to large protests until the 1950s, the __________________________ had supported court cases intended to overturn segregation since its founding in 1909.
NAACP
Which group offered work-study programs to help underprivileged young men and women earn a high school diploma or college degree
Neighborhood Youth Corps
President Kennedy push for a build up of conventional troops and weapons that will allow the United States to fight a limited style of warfare with
No nuclear weapons
Rachel Carson's silent spring, one of the most controversial and influential books of the 1960s, assailed the increasing use of
Pesticides particularly DDT
Johnson's goals for a better America was supported by
Prosperity and strong economy
Despite the passage of several civil right laws in the 1950s and 1960s ___ -prejudice or discrimination toward people because of their race-was still common in American society
Racism
President Reagan encourage the federal reserve to raise interest rates and asked Congress to pass a massive tax cuts in which critics called
Reaganomics
Who appeared to be on his way to winning the democratic nomination until he was gunned down by an Arab a nationalist
Robert Kennedy
In 1973 a big change in abortion laws and the rights of privacy came with
Roe v. Wade
The leader of Iraq who was tried and executed for ordering mass executions was
Saddam Hussein
In registering African Americans to vote, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 authorized the attorney general to
Send federal examiners to register qualified voters
In 1967 Thurgood Marshall became the first African-American to
Serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
In late December 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev announced the end of
Soviet Union
A day camp for children with developmental disabilities, known as Camp Shriver, was the beginning of an effort that later grew into the
Special Olympics
Who said his army to invade oil rich Kuwait In August 1990
Suddam Hussein
The Islamic fundamentalist group called the ___ controlled Afghanistan at the time of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon
Taliban
More than 350,000 Cuban settled in the United States after
The 1959 Cuban revolution
The Vietcong's power continued to increase in part because of
The Vietnamese opposition to Diem's government
What two events convinced Truman to help France in Vietnam?
The fall of China to communism and the outbreak of the Korean War
What would be an advantage of reducing carbon dioxide omissions from factories in powerplants
The increase in average world temperature would be stopped
During his presidency Reagan launched the largest peacetime build up of
The military
Which of the following outlawed job discrimination by private employers not only on the basis of race color religion national origin but also on the basis of gender
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
On August 2, 1964, President Johnson announced that North Vietnamese torpedo boats had fired on two American destroyers in the Gulf of ____________________.
Tonkin
The passage of which law marked a turning point in the civil rights movement?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
American cynicism grew with the Vietnam war and the ___ scandal, making Americans more wary of their leaders
Watergate
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were creating Apple, 19-year-old Harvard drop out bill gates cofounded Microsoft to design PC
Windows operating system in 1985 (fix)
Who overthrew the Diem government in 1963
a group of Vietnamese generals
Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced to resign in disgrace when investigators discovered that he had
accepted bribes
The segregated sections of many Southwestern cities in which most Mexican Americans lived were called
barrios
A main reason President Johnson refused to order a full-scale invasion of North Vietnam was his fear that it would
bring China into the war
The house judiciary committee voted to impeach President Nixon or
charge him with misconduct
In decisions such as Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court handed down decisions that reaffirmed the separation of ____________________ and state.
church
American officials did not think France should control Vietnam, but they did not want Vietnam to be
communist
In 1977 Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs introduced the Apple II, the first practical and affordable _______ for personal use.
computer
Nightly news coverage of the Vietnam war on television helped
create a credibility gap
The tax cut President Reagan won from Congress would increase the budget deficit, so Reagan proposed ________ to keep the deficit under control
cutting social programs
Kennedy convinced Congress to invest more funds in
defense and space exploration
In an effort to increase growth and create more jobs, Kennedy advocated
deficit spending
Although the ____ party enjoyed large majorities in both houses of congress, Kennedy was unable to push through many of his domestic programs
democratic
The purpose of agent orange was to
destroy the Vietcong's ability to hide in jungles
The 14th amendment ensures
due process of law (equal protection of the laws)
In 2005, the Iraqi people were able to participate in the country's first free _____.
election
President Nixon argued that recordings of White House conversations should remain confidential to protect national security a principle known as
executive privilege
Iraqi insurgents have used several tactics to fight coalition forces, including
freezing financial assets inside Iraq and sniper attacks and bombs ??
The civil rights act of 1964 helped protect civil rights but it did not
guarantee the right to vote
The Vietcong used ____________________—troops who blended in with the civilian population and use tactics such as ambushes and booby traps
guerillas
With the golf of Tonkin resolution, Congress, in effect,
handed its war powers to the president
What had its roots in a computer networking system established by an agency of the US defense department
internet
One advantage President Johnson had that Kennedy did not in getting the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed was his
intimate knowledge of how congress worked
During the space race, Kennedy's goal for America was to be the first to
land a man on the moon
Henry Kissinger tried to improve relations with the Soviet Union and a China so he could persuade them to cut back on their aid to north Vietnam and in a policy called
linkage
Kennedy felt that he needed to stand up to communism in Vietnam because of
many republicans blamed the Truman administration for losing China to communism.
After Malcolm X broke with the _____________ of Islam, he continued to criticize the organization and was eventually killed by some of its members.
nation
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., believed the way to end segregation was through
nonviolent passive resistance
In 1966 Betty Friedan co-founded this women's group to push for equality for women in the United States.
now (national organization for women)
Several nations agreed to phase out the production of CFCs after seeing evidence of a hole in the ___ layer above Antarctica
ozone
Founded in 1969, La Raza Unida was a Mexican American
political party
In the 1950s and 1960s ___ trapped many African Americans in inner cities
poverty
President Johnson felt that a wealthy government should try to improve the lives of its citizens and declared a war on
poverty
During the 1960 election campaign, television aired its first
presidential debate
Long after troops were home, the war lingered on for the American families whose relatives and friends were classified as missing in action or
prisoners of war
When the French left Vietnam, the United States stepped in to
protect the pro-Western government in South
The civil rights act of 1957, the first since reconstruction, was intended to
protect the right of African Americans to vote
After the Brown v. Board of Education decision, many states adopted an elaborate set of requirements other than race that schools could use to prevent African Americans from attending white schools, called
pupil assignment laws
The Kerner commission blamed the problems of inner cities on
racism
In the Reynolds v. Sims decision that helped promote the principle of "one man, one vote," the Warren Court required state legislatures to ____________________ electoral districts so that all citizens' votes would have equal weight.
reapportion
For her book The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan interviewed Smith College graduates and found that most of the women
reported having everything they could want, but still felt unfulfilled.
The incident at Three Mile Island left many people in great doubt about the
safety of nuclear energy
The ruling in Plessy v Ferguson in 1896 established
separate but equal doctrine
CORE successfully integrated many restaurants by using
sit-ins
Members of CORE used _________, a form of protest first used by unions workers in the 1930s, to desegregate restaurants.
sit-ins
Many college faculty and students against the Vietnam war abandoned their classes and gathered informally to discuss the issues in a new form of protest called a
teach-in
The Pentagon papers revealed that
the government had not been honest with the public about Vietnam
The goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to
to reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide
Republicans as well as Southern Democrats viewed the New Frontier as
too expensive and too costly and big
A UN resolution set a deadline for Iraq to take several actions including declaring its weapons of mass destruction and readmitting ____
weapons inspectors
The Vietminh formed initially in Vietnam to
win independence from Japan
