US history first nine weeks exam
Thomas Alva Edison
1876 established worlds first research laboratory in NJ, perfected indescent light bulb, invented entire system for producing and destributing elecctrical power
W.E.B. Du Bois
A black orator and essayist. Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's theories, and took a militant position on race relations.(violently)
Monopoly
A company that controls most or all business in a particular industry
Trust
A group of corporationsrun by a single board of directors
Andrew Carnegie
A poor Scottish immigrant who worked his way to the top in the railroad business. Thomas A. Scott, his boss, gave him a chance to by stock. His mom morgagted the family house tomake his purchase possible and he recieved his first dividend. Made vertical integration and horizaontal interagtion. controlled almost all of the steel industry. largest portion of nation's st
Recall
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.
George Westinghouse
Also added innovations that made electricity safer and less expensive
William Kelley
American ironmaker who helped come up with the Besserman process
Brooker T. Washington
Best way to earn independence is by staying carefully.
Henry Bessemer
British manufacturer who helped come up with the Bessemer process
Corporations
Business owned by many investors
Gasoline
Byproduct of the refining process of kerosene, initially thrown away but then used in automobiles
Barbed wire
Created by Joseph Glidden: made catyle stationary
Brooklyne Bridge
Created in 1883; spanned 1595 ft over the East River in NYC, called wonder of the world
Bessemer Process
Developed independently by British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American ironmaker William Kelley, technique involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities around 1850
T/F; The Pure Food and Drug Act required federal inspection of meat-processing plants.
False; Meeting Inspection Act
T/F; In the 192 presidential election, Theodore Roosevelt ran as the candidate of the New Nationalism Party.
False; Progressive Party
Home Insurance Building
First skyscraper, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, used to be supported by iron but with steel it allowed to go higher, in Chicago
formed the Women's Trade Union League to push for laws that would benefit women working in factories
Florence Kelley
Which woman founded the Nation Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who are less fortunate
Ida B. Wells
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented telephone
Christopher Sholes
Invented typewriter in 1867
Panic of 1893
The financial breakdown of many railroads triggers a national economic collapse; railroads begin consolidating.
Railroad Time
The reason we have time zones is b/c of railroads. Each city along the rails used their own time, based on the sun's location in the sky.
founded the national women's party, which used public protest marches to demand the right to vote
Alice Paul
NAWSA
..., National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote (peacefully wanted women rights, asked congress)
What happened in Munn v. Illinois?
1877, Supreme Court upheld Granger laws, giving states the right to regulate the railroads for the benefits of farmers and consumers.
spelled out activities in which businesses could not engage
Clayton Antitrust Act
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Commodor; Built wealth in shipping industry, but later gets into the railroad industry; gifted money to create Vanderbilt University; richest in history
What were the time zones in America?
Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific
established to monitor business practices that might lead to monopoly
FTC
placed national banks under the control of central authority
Federal Reserve Act
Samuel Gompers
Formed a new union in Columbus Ohio. American Federation of Labor.
Credit Mobilier
Formed by stockholders in Union Pacific Railroad; stockholders tool railroad money for themselves; gov't paid 2 to 3 times the actual cost and they kept the extra money
How did Morgan bail the U.S gov't out of debt?
Gave the treasury 3.5 million ounces of gold
New Industries Boom
Growth of railroads promotes trade and new cities; iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass industries boom; new towns spring up along rail lines.
George M. Pullman
In 1880, he builds a factory for his train car business just outside of Chicago; was known for its stock yards
In the late 1800s, ____ photographed tenement buildings in which the urban poor lived.
Jacob Riis
_____ was a leading figure in the settlement house movement.
Jane Addams
Which group formed the Anti-Defamation League to defend itself against verbal attacks and false statements?
Jewish Americans
Transcontinental Railroad
Join America's Pacific and Atlantic coasts; met at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869; other lines would soon follow.
gave Congress the power to create an income tax.
Sixteenth Amendment
Entrepreneur
Someone who sets up new business to make a profit
J.P. Morgan
Son of very rich banker; financial backer of Thomas Edison; worth $42 billion in today's money; bailed out U.S gov't; credited for leading the modernization of business
What did Morgan and Vanderbilt do?
Take advantage of the economic depression and seize control of the railroads; beginning of era of big business
Why did the United States banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s
The nation had no central authority to supervise banks
Carrie Chapmen Catt
The president of the NAWSA orginization and mobilized more than 1 million volunteers for the suffrage movement.
Free enterprise
The system in which privately owned business compete freely
Railroad Workers
The workers who made railroad possible lived a very harsh life; many die from work-related accidents, pneumonia, and other diseases.
Why did no one stop the credit mobiliers?
They paid off gov't officials including Vice President
NCL
This grouped labeled products made under safe working conditions and pushed for workplace reforms.
T/F; President Theodore Roosevelt promoted a program called the Square Deal to protect the interests of small business owners and the poor.
True
T/F; The Hepburn Act gave the government the authority to set and limit shipping costs.
True
T/F; The work of naturalist John Muir led Congress to establish Yosemite National Park in 1890.
True
T/F; Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States when William McKinley was assassinated?
True
sent federal troops to break up the miner's strike in Ludlow
Woodrow Wilson
mutualistas
a group that made loans and provided assistance for Mexican Americans
Niagara Movement
a meeting that was formed to denounce rights for blacks
Urban League
a network of churches that set up to help blacks get settled into cities (focused on poor workers, helped families buy clothes and books and helped factory works and maid find jobs)
social darwinism
a philosophy saying a species that flourishes gives thier traits to teh next generation. Herbert Spencer, english philosopher, explained this in human society. Economists used it to justify doctrine of lasseze faire (allow to do). Good and bad business governed by natural law.
Eugene V. Debs
attempted to form industrial union Railway Union. unskilled and semiskilled alborers. failed first major strike and union organized more
Under President William Howard Taft, the federal government...
brought lawsuits against many corporations
Haymarket Affair and Homestead Strike
chigago haymarket square cop brutality protest and one guy died. bomb. no one knows who through it. public wen tagainst labor movement after this. homestead strike had Hamlin Garland go against Carnegee stel company conditions. also pullman company strikes happned later on and stuff. debs jailed.
Theodore Roosevelt supported powerful corporations that...
did business fairly
A ___ is an election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections
direct primary
The concept of "rational use" suggested that...
forests be preserved for public use
19th Amendment
gave women the right to vote
Niagara Movement
group that called for more education & rapid progress for blacks.
mutualistas
groups that gave loans and provided legal assistance to the poor
Sherman Antitrust Act
illegal to form a trust tha tinterfered with free trade between states or with other countries
socialism and iwww
industrial workers of the world. Headed by William Big Bill Haywood. Had AFrican Americans as well. dignity and solidarity to unskilled workers. in chigago
John Rockefeller
joined with competing companies in trust agreements. participants in trust earned stock over group of trustees, peeps who ran the saparate companies as one large corperation. his oil company processed 2-3 percent of refining buisness. increased prices when he took over the market. his methods were known as "robber barrons". kept most of assets but gave $500 million away. helped make UC and medical institute to cure yellow fever.
The 1903 Muller v. Oregon decision upheld
limited work hours for women
labor unions
long hours and dangerous so peeps made unions so they could have strikes and stuff. NLU lead by William H. Sylvis (ironworker). CNLU for blacks. NLU grew to 640k peeps. Uriah Stephens wanted individual workers to have rights and made Noble Order of the Knights of Labor
Wilson tried to protect workers by..
lowering import tariffs
Reported on the hazardous conditions in factories and cities during the Progressive era
muckrakers
Americanization
occurred when americans encouraged immigrants to assimilate.
Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called..
political machines
President Wilson pushed for the passage of the Adamson Act to...
prevent a nationwide railroad strike
The _____ allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature.
referendum
A 1913 California law forced Japanese Americans to..
sell their land
The ____ blended ideas from German socialism and American Progressivism for building a better society.
social gospel
The NWP and the NAWSA primarily different in their..
strategies
The right to vote
suffrage
Marry Harris Jones
supported great strike of 1877 and organied Unitd MIne Workers of AMerica. got women to rally and made International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.
new definiition of sucess
survival and success. riches = god lieks u. poor = lazy. protestants liked new theory. 4,000 millionares before civil war.
The campaign to promote the practice of never drinking alcohol
temperance movement
Which event led to the formation of the NAACP
the 1908 Springfield riot
Which party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the 1912 presidential election?
the Democratic Party
What social problem did Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle" describe?
the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards
Kerosene
a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters, Abraham Greater figured how to distill it from oil or coal
Initiative
Process through which voters may propose new laws.
What happened in 1870?
Professor C.F. David proposes breaking he Earth into 24 time zones...4 in America
Interstate Commerce Act
Reestablished the right of the federal gov't to supervise railroad activities; happened in 1887; says states cannot control railroad traffic
Industrial workers often labored...
with unsafe machinery
Which reform did the Nineteenth Amendment enact?
women's suffrage
Which reform resulted from the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?
workers' compensation laws
New uses for steel
Railroads, made innovative construction possible, skyscrapers, bridges
Changes brought about by electricity
Ran numerouse machines at once, inexpensive convinient source of energy available in homes, invention of household appliances, cheap travel, allowed factories wherever
Farm machines
Some made possible by the steel; mass produced crops more efficiently; transformed plains into food producer of the nation
Edwin L. Drake
Successfully used a steam engine to drill oil neat Titusville, PA in 1859
identified products made under healthful working conditions and encouraged women to buy these products
NCL
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
set out President Woodrow Wilson's plan for government in the United States
New Freedom
stated that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex"
Nineteenth Amendment
How many railroad workers died or were injured?
Over 2,000 died and 20,000 injured
great strike of 1877
PResident Rutherford B. Haynes had to stop it and used federal troops to end the strike. was about Ohio Railroad and workers from Baltimore on Strike
Railroad Abuses
Populist movement; Munn v. Illinois (gives states power to regulate)
Collective Bargaining
Unions negotiate with management for workers in a group
The National Reclamation Act directly affected the management of which natural resource?
Water
Industry boom due to:
Wealth of natural resources, gov. Support of business, and growing urban population that provides cheap labor and markets for new products
What was a railroad workers pay?
Whites earned 50 dollars a month...others earned 35 dollars a month
Town of Pullman
town for his workers to live; offered brick homes and apartments with windows; no drinking alcohol or loitering.
gov. and management pressures unions
unions grew as powerful tool despite this and AFL had 1.7 mill members by 1904. would get to over 2mill. was pressured by forbiding union meetings and firing members and forced people to sign "yellow-dog contracts" saying no joining the unions.
vertical intergation
where Carnegie bought out suppliers (coal fields and iorn mines, ore freighters, and railroad lines) in order to control transporation systems and raw materials
horizontal integration
where he tried to buy out competing steel producers. he gained ocntrol over his suppliers and limited his competition.
