U.S. History II Final Exam
June 22, 1941
"Bobarossa"- Germany stabbed the soviet union USSR in the back, massive german armies suddenly invaded soviet union (their ally)
Frederick Jackson Turner
"Frontier Thesis"1893, arguing that the existence of an alluring frontier and the experience of persistent westward expansion informed the nation's democratic politics, unfettered economy, and rugged individualism.
In FDR's 1933 inaugural address, he declared,
"[T]he only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
Josiah Strong, Our country: it's possible future and it's present crisis 1885
"anglo saxon" embodied 2 great ideas civil liberty and a "pure spiritual christianity"
Neutrality Act of 1939
"cash and carry" helped England and France, Britain and France were allowed to send their own freighters to the US and buy military supplies
flapper
"new bread" of women, tons of makeup, drinking, sex
Interregnum
"the old is dying, but the new cannot be born", caught somewhere in between
Teapot Dome scandal- Albert B. Hall
(Harding's secretary of interior) secretly leased oil rich land owned by the government to oil companies and received the money and property in return
Office of Scientific Research and Development
(OSRD) was an agency of the US federal govt created to coordinate scientific research for military purposes
pure food and drug act of 1906
(Roosevelt created it)main mission - ban foreign and innerstate traffic in mislabeled food/drug products
Okies
(arkies)dust bowl refugees from OK, referred to as dirty son of a B or scum
Carnegie
(last name) He was a steel magnate who believed that the general public benefited from big business even if these companies employed harsh business practices. This philosophy became deeply ingrained in the conventional wisdom of some Americans. After retiring, he devoted himself to philanthropy in hopes of promoting social welfare and world peace. (page 764)
Rockefeller
(last name) In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, which was his first step in creating his vast oil empire. Eventually, he perfected the idea of a holding company: a company that controlled other companies by holding all or at least a majority of their stock. During his lifetime, he donated over $500 million in charitable contributions. (page 762)
Vanderbilt
(last name) In the 1860s, he consolidated several separate railroad companies into one vast entity, New York Central Railroad. (page 759)
Wagner Act of 1935
(national labor relations act), supported the rights of the working class, made it illegal to not allow unions and bargain w/ management, created national labor relations board
Wealth-Tax Act
(revenue act, soak the rich tax), raised tax rates on annual income above $50,000
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
(the pact of paris)US and France came together to outlaw war (62 nations signed pledge) was violated by japan
u-boats
(undersea boat) operated by germans; submarines
Northerners lost interest in the Civil rights of the freedmen because they
-became distracted by the westward movement and Indian Wars -grew tired of the struggle against southern white resistance -encountered economic trouble during and after the panic of 1873 ~~~~~~~~~all of the above~~~~~~~~~~
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with
-financial assistance to the transcontinental railroad -a high tariff -land grants to railroads ~~~~~~~All of the Above~~~~~~
"Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"
..
"Roosevelt recession" of 1937
..
Coolidge's convictions concerning government
..
consumer culture
..
federal work relief
..
postwar isolationism
..
setbacks in the Atlantic
..
structural flaws of the American economy
..
US senate vote of the treaty of Versailles
...
lenin and Bolshevik revolution 1917
...
national association for the advancement of colored people
...
postwar disillusionment
...
Tennessee Valley Authority
1 of the most important innovative new deal programs, designed to bring electrical power, flood control and jobs to one of the poorest regions in nation
Causes of the Great Depression
1) lack of diversification in the American economy in the 1920's. 2) maldistribution of purchasing power 3) a weakness in consumer demand 4) credit structure of the economy 5) America's position in international trade
3 fronts of Nixon's new Vietnam policy
1- Johnson administration financed social walfare programs and the Vietnam war without major tax increase creating larger federal deficit and price inflation 2-US companies face stiff competition in international markets W. Germany and Japan 3-The post WWII economy had depended heavily upon cheap sources of energy
progressive presidents
1-mickenly-R, 2-Roosevelt-R, 3-taft-R, 4-Wilson-D
September 1, 1939
1.5 mil troops w/thousands of tanks and armored vehicles invade Poland from N,S, and W- hitler ordered kill w/out mercy. Britain declares war on Germany, Poland was conquered- Stalin helped Germany
Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction
10 Percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
north atlantic treaty organization
12 Meashins signed it, consecutive defense where by its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party
How many men were unemployed by the nadir of the Depression in June 1932?
12 Million
Quarantine of Cuba in 1962
13 day confrontation between Soviet union & Cuba, moment the cold war came close to turning into a nuclear conflict first instance of "MAD"
In the Giant Circle, President Johnson campaigned against passage of which amendment?
14th Amendment
Which Amendment did President Johnson oppose in the
14th Amendment
Which Amendment to the Constitution defines Citizenship
14th Amendment
Which Amendment to the Constitution defines citizenship?
14th Amendment
King Ranch was in which year
1853
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in
1869
The first transcontinental was completed in
1869
Klan Act was in what year?
1871
Bessemer Hearth Process
1881
According to the superintendent of the census, the frontier was settled after:
1890
Ellis Island was in what year. And what year did it close?
1894... 1954
Plessy Vs. Ferguson was in what year?
1896
Annexation of Hawaii
1898 America settled Hawaii during the nineteenth century and established a great sugar cane industry
prohibition
18th Amendment; Overturned by the 21st Amendment; Supported by middle-class progressives
"New Era"
1920s America
Warren G. Harding
1921-1923
Calvin Coolidge
1923-1929; "The business of America is business."; He vetoed the McNary Haugen Bill; Nicknamed "Silent Cal"
Scopes Monkey Trail
1925 Tennessee trial where teacher John Scopes was charged with teaching evolution, a violation of state status. The American Civil Liberties Union hired Clarence Darrow to defend Scopes, while the chief attorney for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan. While scopes was convicted and ordered to pay a small fine, Darrow was able to poke holes in the theory of creationsim as expressed by Bryan.
Herbert Hoover
1929-33
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in
1969
initiative, referendum and recall
1: a petition is signed by a certain min. # of voters can force a public vote R: direct vote in which an entire electorial is asked to accept/reject a proposal 2: procedure through which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote
federal highway act of 1916
1st federal highway funding, legislation in the US
Rough riders
1st volunteer cavalry, a regiment w/ "special qualifications", Lt colonel Roosevelt was 2nd in command
By the end of 1931, unemployment rose to
25 percent.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
Teddy Roosevelt
26th president Former governor of NY and VP under McKinley, Credited with placing the presidency at the center of American political life, Father of the National Parks system, active in enforcing laws on big corporations, example: JPMorgan's a northern Securities Company
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, leader of the republic party, founder of progressive party, assistant secretary of the navy, youngest man to ever reach the White House
William Howard Taft
27th President Teddy's handpicked successor Proved to be quite unlike teddy in many ways and turned the GOP back over the conservative side
Woodrow Wilson
28th President President of Princeton Scholar, writer, teacher, earned doctorate from John Hopkins Progressive governor of New Jersey
Woodrow Wilson
28th U.S. President.
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Warren G. Harding
29th U.S. President.
Warren G. Harding
29th president
Calvin Coolidge
30 th president who favored government policies that promoted business and limited government interference
Calvin Coolidge
30th U.S. President.
Herbert Hoover
31st U.S. President.
"ideal" middle-class women
32 years old, pretty and popular, white, suburban housewife, mom of 4, married by 16
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States, elected for 4 terms, only served 3 full terms before his death. Created The New Deal
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd U.S. President.
Moderate republicanism
34th president, commander of NATO
1919 Steelworkers Strike
350,000 Midwestern steelworkers struck for 3.5 months Demanded recognition of their union, eight hour work day, and collective bargaining, etc.
Richard Nixon
37th U.S. President.
Gerald Ford
38th president, horrible economy,Republican
From 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the number of people lynched reached nearly: Answer Selected Answer:
5,000.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
64 nations agreed they would give up war as national policy
John T. Scopes
A 24 year old biology educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. This trial represented the Fundamentalist vs the Modernist. It placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America.
Federal Reserve Act 1913
A banking reform bill with a goal to break the "money monopoly" of Wall Street, created twelve regional banks that would be owned and controlled by the individual banks in its district
Trench warfare
A bloody form of war that consisted of two opposing forces digging holes in the ground or "trenches" to provide shelter from enemy gunfire. Heavy Artillery would be able to shoot through trenches and infantry would race across "no man's land" or the land between the two frontal trenches. Gas was also used to fill the trenches and kill all within them.
Emergency Banking Act
A conservative bill (much of it created by Hoover administrative holdovers) designed primarily to protect the larger banks from being dragged down by the weakness of smaller ones.
Boxer Rebellion 1990
A fierce Chinese uprising against all foreigners ended with the dramatic rescue of the foreign diplomatic corps from the besieged embassy in Peking
A strict Social Darwinist would object to all the following EXCEPT:
A government policy of "hands off" in regards to business.
Muckrakers
A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Ida Tarbell (A history of the standard oil company), Lincoln Steffens (the shame of the cities), and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle).
significance of the election of 1912
A high watermark for progressivism, The look she gave Democrats effective national power for the first time since the Civil War, The election of Wilson Southerners back, it altered the Republican Party, Democrat- Wilson vs Progressive-Roosevelt vs Republican-taft vs Socialist-Debs. 4 way contest (Wilson won)
Dust Bowl
A large area of the nation, stretching north from Texas into the Dakotas
American Protective League
A large group of the "thought police" who often used unethical means to try to enforce unity of opinion German-Americans, regardless of loyalty, faced much hostility
National Farm Bureau Federation
A nationwide organization of agriculture whose goals were to teach better farming and marketing methods and to gain political influence
General Federation of Women's Clubs
A nationwide organization with a definite political agenda emphasizing reform
nativist
A native-born American who saw immigrants as a threat to his way of life and employment. During the 1880s, nativist groups worked to stop the flow of immigrates into the United States. Of these groups, the most successful was the American Protective Association who promoted government restrictions on immigration, tougher naturalization requirements, the teaching of English in schools and workplaces that refused to employ foreigners or Catholics.
city-management plan
A professional administrator an the municipal govt in accordance with policies set by the elected council and mayor
Which of the following would most likely have been Gilded Age Republican?
A prohibitionist
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
A radical union organized in Chicago in 1905, nicknamed the Wobblies
Open shop
A shop where no one could be forced to join a union
Reform Darwinism
A social philosophy that challenged Social Darwinism by asserting that humans could actively shape the process of evolutionary social development through cooperation and innovation.
Homestead Steel Strike
A violent labor conflict at the _____ _____ Works near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that occurred when its president, Henry Clay Frick, refused to renew the union contract with Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. The strike, which began on June 29, 1892, culminated in an attempt on Frick's life and was swiftly put down by state militias. The strike marks one of the great setbacks in the emerging industrial-union movement. (page 780)
Food Administration
A war agency headed by Herbert Hoover, supervised the feeding of America, its armies, and its Allies
F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby was about:
A young man who become wealthy but was ultimately doomed.
In the Panay incident in 1937, A. Japanese airplanes sank an American warship. B. German submarines attacked a British ocean liner. C. Hitler moved into Ethiopia. D. the Chinese asked for help against the Japanese.
A. Japanese airplanes sank an American warship.
All of the following statements about post-WW I America are correct, except... a) Most working women kept their wartime industrial jobs. b) Racial violence broke out in Chicago. c) The police went on strike in Boston. d) A Red Scare erupted against radicals
A. Most working women kept their wartime industrial jobs.
The generation of cheap electricity was a major purpose of the A. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). B. Civilian Conservation Corps. C. Atomic Energy Commission. D. Federal Power Commission.
A. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
A major United States contribution to the Allied war effort was the use of convoys to escort merchant ships across the Atlantic. a) True b) False
A. True
Eugene V. Debs was sentenced to prison for violating the Espionage Act. a) True b) False
A. True
In 1918, the United States sent troops to fight the Bolsheviks in Russia. a) True b) False
A. True
More people worldwide died in the flu pandemic of 1918-19 than in World War I. a) True b) False
A. True
More than 300,000 soldiers died at the Battle of Verdun in 1916. a) True b) False
A. True
Probably the decisive reason the United States entered World War I was the issue of submarine warfare. a) True b) False
A. True
The War Industries Board was the most important agency mobilizing the nation for war. a) True b) False
A. True
With the Fourteen Points, Wilson hoped to keep Russia in the war and to create disunity between the people and the governments of the Central Powers. a) True b) False
A. True
The Taft-Hartley Act A. banned the closed shop but permitted the union shop. B. created the Central Intelligence Agency. C. provided educational and vocational benefits for veterans. D. gave a civilian commission control of atomic energy.
A. banned the closed shop but permitted the union shop.
In response to Truman's Fair Deal proposals, Congress A. enlarged many New Deal programs. B. enacted major civil rights legislation. C. repealed the Taft-Hartley Act. D. provided for national health insurance.
A. enlarged many New Deal programs.
As president, Harry Truman wanted to A. extend and expand many New Deal programs. B. eliminate many New Deal programs that were unfriendly to business. C. combat inflation by stopping wage increases for labor. D. cut taxes to stimulate economic growth.
A. extend and expand many New Deal programs.
William Jennings Bryan resigned as secretary of state... a) in the uproar after the sinking of the Lusitania. b) after the discovery of the Zimmerman telegram. c) because President Wilson rejected the Sussex pledge. d) to run for president in 1916.
A. in the uproar after the sinking of the Lusitania.
John D. Rockefeller stands out among business leaders because of his A. innovative organization called vertical integration B. "Gospel of Wealth" philosophy C. cooperation with labor unions D. dominance of investment banking
A. innovative organization called vertical integration
The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) led the campaign to organize workers in A. mass-production industries. B. agriculture. C. the skilled trades. D. federal work-relief programs.
A. mass-production industries.
The irreconcilables were primarily... a) midwestern and western progressives. b) representatives of hyphenated Americans. c) conservative Republicans. d) southern Democrats.
A. midwestern and western progressives
All of the following describe Credit Mobilier except A. organized by George Pullman B. a construction company for the Union Pacific C. bribed congressmen D. made over 50 million in profit
A. organized by George Pullman
In 1948 the States' Rights Democratic party stood for A. racial segregation. B. racial integration. C. civil rights for blacks. D. black voting rights.
A. racial segregation.
The New Deal's "cornerstone" and "supreme achievement," according to FDR, was/were A. social security. B. the National Labor Relations Act (or the Wagner Act). C. the Tennessee Valley Authority. D. the PWA and WPA.
A. social security
Wilson's failure to take a major Republican to the postwar peace conference was a mistake because... a) the Republicans controlled Congress. b) most Republicans supported the League of Nations. c) Theodore Roosevelt advocated the League of Nations. d) all of the above
A. the Republicans controlled Congress. b) most Republicans supported the League of Nations.
The Nye committee investigations concluded that A. the United States allowed munitions manufacturers to make huge profits from World War I. B. the United States should back down from its dispute with Japan over China. C. the only way to end the war was with a treaty. D. the United States was not responsible for the success of the attack by Japan.
A. the United States allowed munitions manufacturers to make huge profits from World War I.
Immigration act of 1965
A.k.a. heart celler act, focused on immigrants skills and family relationships with US citizens
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
AAAor only farmers aloud bc they are the only ones who benefited, govt said they would pay for the stopping of production
The first successful Kansas cow town was
Abilene
The first successful Kansas cow town was
Abilene.
Roe vsWade 1973
Abortion issue, extended a woman's decision to have an abortion
American Expeditionary Force
About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals.
Southerners received the right to form new state government as soon as 10 percent of a state's 1860 voters had sworn allegiance to the United States, according to the Reconstruction plans proposed by..
Abraham Lincoln
Southerners received the right to form new state governments as soon as 10 percent of a state's 1860 voters had sworn allegiance to the United States, according to the Reconstruction plans proposed by
Abraham Lincoln
Referendum
Actions of the state legislators were submitted to the voters for approval
Peaceful coexistence
Adopted by Soviet, influence Socialist states that they could peacefully coexist with the capitalist block
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Advocated Big Stick Diplomacy
Richard Wright, Native Son (1940)
African, wrote about Bigger Thomas a product of the ghetto who was murdered
NASA
Agency of US gov. That is responsible for the nations civilization space program
Teapot Dome Scandal
Albert Fall persuaded Harding to transfer control of certain rich oil reserves from the Navy Department to Fall's Interior Department Fall was convicted of bribery and sent to prison Fall then secretly leaded them to wealthy businessmen in return for a $500,000 loan
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases? Answer Selected Answer:
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
The author of "rags to riches" novels for boys was:
Alger
Triple Entente
Alliance between England, France, and Russia
Triple Alliance
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
Also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front; planned by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and ultimately force the opposing German forces to surrender.
Bonus Army
Also names Bonus Expeditionary Force, formed when more than 20,000 veterans protested the rejection by President Hoover of $1000 bonus to all those who had served in WWI, because he feared the budget.
Nineteenth Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution that guaranteed women the right to vote.
16th amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
Samuel Gompers was a leader of the
American Federation of Labor.
"Remember the Maine!"
American battleship blew up in Havana harbor, February 1898 Loss of 260+ lives
Consumerism
American began buying things for pleasure and not merely out of necessity
William Shafter
American field general in Cuba
H.L. Mencken
American journalist aka "sage of Baltimore", wrote the American language study of how the English language is spoken
George Dewey
American naval commander Destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay "You may fire when ready, Gridley"
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 sought to
Americanize western Indians.
W.E.B. Du Bois
An American civil rights activist. He became the head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910, becoming founder and editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis. He rose to national attention in his opposition of Booker T. Washington's ideas of social integration between whites and blacks, campaigning instead for increased political representation for blacks in order to guarantee civil rights, and the formation of a Black elite that would work for the progress of the African American race. He was willing to form alliances with progressive White Americans in pursuit of civil rights.
Gilded Age
An era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by loose government oversight over corporations, which fostered unfettered capitalism and widespread political corruption.
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine The U.S. Would actively oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere but would exercise "police power" in those nations who would not keep order on their own
De Lome Letter
An interpreted communique from the Spanish minister in Washington contained insulting references to president McKinley and outraged Americans
The Radical Republicans argued that control of re-admittance of southern states was..
An issue for Congress to deal with
The Radical Republicans argued that control of the re-admittance of southern states was
An issue for Congress to deal with
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie
Who said, "A man who dies rich, dies disgraced."
Andrew Carnegie
F
Andrew Carnegie consolidated the steel industry into U.S. Steel.: (T/F) 767
the virtues of the law of competition
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" explained: 766
"Impeach and Be Damned"
Andrew Johnson
Finished off the Tenure of Office Act
Andrew Johnson
Was impeached
Andrew Johnson
Which President was never elected?
Andrew Johnson
Which president was never elected?
Andrew Johnson
Who tries to remove Secretary of Warstanton
Andrew Johnson
Josiah Strong and John Fiske justified American imperialism by stressing
Anglo-Saxon superiority.
Lead Women's Rights Association
Anna Howard Shaw Carrie Shutman Catt
Annexation debate
Annexation of the Philippines, Growth and expansion is good for the nation,
City Manager
Another type of city government in which a business expert from outside was hired by elected officials to run the city
"point four" program
Anti-Communist foreign-policy, was a technical assistance program for "developing countries"
Espionage, Sabotage, Sedition Acts
Any open expressions of opposition on the war were outlawed
Okinawa (1945)
April 1, took almost 3 months to secure land, served as a staging area for planned invasion of Japan
Assassination in Sarajevo, June 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was shot by a young Serbian nationalist
Chateau-Thierry
Area where newly arriver American troops, numbering fewer than 30,000, were thrown right in the teeth of the German advance; first significant engagement of American troops in a European war
the progressive impulse
Arose in response to many societal changes- growing tensions between labor and management, chronic corruption of political life, the abuse of power of big businesses, the hazards of industrial workplace, especially for women and children in the social miseries created by the devastation depression of the 90s
Sputnik 1957
Artificial satellite, Soviet union
J.P. Morgan
As a powerful investment banker, he would acquire, reorganize, and consolidate companies into giant trusts. His biggest achievement was the consolidation of the steel industry into the United States Steel Corporation, which was the first billion-dollar corporation. (page 766)
Young men of Pulaski, Tennessee organized the KKK in 1866
As a social club
income gap
As businesses grew, business managers made more money than workers did
How many members did the Ku Klux Klan allegedly have at its peak in 1924?
As many as 5,000,000
Herbert Spencer
As the first major proponent of social Darwinism, he argued that human society and institutions are subject to the process of natural selection and that society naturally evolves for the better. he was against any form of government interference
In the 1930s, prior to World War II, actual conflict broke out first in
Asia between Japan and China.
Chicago riots in 1968
Assassination of Martin Luther King then Riots broke out
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Asserted the US's right to interfere in economic matters of other nations in the Americans
Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant secretary of the Navy under McKinley Led the Rough Riders in the Battle of San Juan Hill Clamored for war and resigned to join the fight
War of Europe
August 2nd week, 1914
central powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, turkey
Madison Grant
Author of "The Passing of the Great Race " Claimed that immigration led to degradation of the Anglo-Saxon race
"How the Other Half Lives"
Author was Jacob Riis; exposé of life in the ghettos, brought about changes
According to Dr. McIntosh, one of the most significant development of the early twentieth century in relation to changing sexual mores was the development of theL
Automobile
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in A. 1860 B. 1869 C. 1877 D. 1893
B. 1869
U.S. military forces halted Japanese advances at the Battles of A. Corregidor and Iwo Jima. B. Coral Sea and Midway. C. Okinawa and Guadalcanal. D. Solomon Islands and New Guinea.
B. Coral Sea and Midway.
In 1910, the largest group of hyphenated Americans was from Ireland. a) True b) False
B. False
In 1916, Woodrow Wilson again defeated "Bull Moose" Roosevelt for president. a) True b) False
B. False
The Boston police strike of 1919 helped launch Warren G. Harding's political career. a) True b) False
B. False
The Germans made overtures of peace in August 1919 on the basis of the Fourteen Points, a speech given by British prime minister David Lloyd George. a) True b) False
B. False
The United States ratified the Treaty of Versailles in 1920. a) True b) False
B. False
The Zimmerman telegram revealed Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. a) True b) False
B. False
Wilson thought Germany's admission of war guilt was the most important part of the peace negotiations. a) True b) False
B. False
The greatest victory by radical progressives during the Wilson administration was the... a) expansion of the military before entry into World War I. b) Revenue Act of 1916. c) League of Nations. d) War Industries Board.
B. Revenue Act of 1916.
The "battle of the currents" involved A. the transcontinental railroads B. Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse C. Alexander Graham Bell D. Jay Gould and Cornelius Vanderbilt
B. Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse
At the conference in Casablanca, Churchill and Roosevelt decided to A. attack in North Africa. B. assault Sicily and Italy. C. launch the Normandy invasion. D. use the atomic bomb against Japan.
B. assault Sicily and Italy.
Lend-lease was part of the United States' policy aimed at A. neutrality. B. becoming the arsenal of democracy. C. indirectly intervening in the Spanish Civil War. D. ensuring FDR's reelection.
B. becoming the arsenal of democracy.
The Civilian Conservation Corps A. created jobs for men and women aged eighteen to twenty-five. B. created jobs for unemployed men aged eighteen to twenty-five. C. tried to attract young men into colleges. D. created hydroelectricity.
B. created jobs for unemployed men aged eighteen to twenty-five.
Opponents of the preparedness movement before World War I... a) agreed with Theodore Roosevelt that "there is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight." b) feared the creation of a large standing army. c) worried about a strong navy. d) all of the above
B. feared the creation of a large standing army.
Postwar disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union especially concerned A. the formation of the United Nations. B. governments in Eastern Europe. C. the reconstruction of Japan. D. the Nuremberg trials.
B. governments in Eastern Europe.
To achieve change in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania, the Molly Maguires used A. voting and political pressure B. intimidation and violence C. organized strikes and work stoppages D. worker ownership of the mines
B. intimidation and violence
For two years after the war began in Europe, the Wilson administration pursued a policy that stressed... a) secret aid to Britain b) neutrality c) opposition to Britain's "freedom of the seas" policy d) support for Germany if it would stop the U-Boat attacks
B. neutrality
The social costs of industrialization included A. closer relationships between workers and factory owners B. numerous job-related injuries and deaths C. rising wages for workers D. healthier working conditions for most workers
B. numerous job-related injuries and deaths
The dust storms on the southern plains were especially bad in the 1930s because A. the AAA encouraged farmers to plow up their crops. B. of the overfarming techniques of industrial agriculture. C. so many people had left their farms and moved to California. D. the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional so many programs to help agriculture.
B. of the overfarming techniques of industrial agriculture.
Walter Reuther was a leader in A. the early motion picture industry. B. organizing automobile workers. C. the Federal Writers' Project. D. opposing FDR's Court-packing plan.
B. organizing automobile workers.
The American Federation of Labor A. included industrial unions B. primarily organized skilled workers C. emphasized unions for unskilled workers D. advocated social reforms leading ultimately to socialism
B. primarily organized skilled workers
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge... a) was irreconcilably opposed to the Treaty of Versailles. b) proposed some amendments to the Treaty of Versailles. c) supported the League of Nations strongly. d) served as a delegate to the peace negotiations, but later opposed the treaty.
B. proposed some amendments to the Treaty of Versailles.
In 1948, Republican candidate Thomas E. Dewey A. called for the repeal of most New Deal programs. B. proposed to run the government more efficiently. C. objected to Truman's cold war foreign policies. D. all of the above
B. proposed to run the government more efficiently.
Wartime rationing included A. cars and washing machines. B. sugar, coffee, and gasoline. C. private housing construction. D. all of the above
B. sugar, coffee, and gasoline.
Racial conflict among Americans during World War I resulted from... a) integration of the military. b) the mass movement of southern blacks to northern cities. c) northern whites training at military bases in the South. d) the refusal of blacks to participate in a war for democracy when they could not vote.
B. the mass movement of southern blacks to northern cities.
To deal with labor strikes after World War II, Truman A. supported the Taft-Hartley Act. B. took control of the coal mines. C. nationalized the railroads. D. drafted strikers into the army.
B. took control of the coal mines.
Benjamin Spock the commonsense book of baby and childcare 1946
B: A pediatrician book: was it a manual on infant and child care
18th amendment
Banned alcohol from the U.S.
Andrew Carnegie:
Became a leading philanthropist
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States:
Became a world power.
Interest Groups
Better known as special interests, These are organizations representing various professions who put pressure on government to help their particular group, lobbyists LGBT Tobacco Guns and Rifle Association
The stance of the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch, and the Justice Branch, in the late nineteenth century could best be described as favorable toward:
Big Business
Jackson State University 1970
Black university, group of students protesting against war, came here and shop people
Great Migration
Blacks, Mexican, Asians(Japanese and Chinese) moving into the cities accelerated for many minorities abundantly in the 1930's and 1940's (blacks had started migrating from the rural south before WWI)
The postwar Red Scare was aimed at
Bolsheviks, radicals, and aliens.
"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the five fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual process," said
Booker T. Washington
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights? Answer Selected Answer:
Booker T. Washington
"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the five fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress," advocated
Booker T. Washington.
"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the five fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress," said
Booker T. Washington.
In the case against the Northern Securities Company, Theodore Roosevelt sought to
Break up a major railroad company
David Lloyd George
Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses
Lusitania
British passenger liner sunk by a U-boat on May 7, 1915. 1,198 dead including 128 Americans
Winston Churchill
British prime minister
"In all the things that are purely social we can be as separate as the five fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress," said..
Brooker T. Washington
Viet Cong/national liberation front
By 1957 guerrilla forces known as the Viet Cong were launching attacks on the Diem government & in 1960 the resistance groups coalesced as the national liberation front
The Communists gained control of China in A. 1945. B. 1947. C. 1949. D. 1950.
C. 1949
In the Hiss-Chambers case, A. Chambers denied being a Communist. B. Hiss accused Chambers of espionage. C. Hiss was convicted of perjury. D. all of the above
C. Hiss was convicted of perjury.
The organization that wanted to be "one big union" for all workers was the A. American Federation of Labor B. Molly Maguires C. Industrial Workers of the World D. Congress of Industrial Organizations
C. Industrial Workers of the World
"Free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic," said... a) Woodrow Wilson. b) Eugene V. Debs. c) Oliver Wendell Holmes. d) Henry Cabot Lodge.
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes.
The president of the United States used federal troops to end the strike at A. Haymarket Square in Chicago B. the Homestead Works near Pittsburgh C. Pullman, Illinois D. all of the above
C. Pullman, Illinois
Joseph R. McCarthy was a A. Russian spy caught in 1951. B. former State Department employee who exposed Communist agents. C. Republican senator from Wisconsin who led an anti-Communist crusade. D. top foreign policy adviser to President Truman during the Korean War.
C. Republican senator from Wisconsin who led an anti-Communist crusade.
In 1940, Roosevelt ran for a third term as president against A. Thomas E. Dewey. B. Robert A. Taft. C. Wendell L. Willkie. D. Alf Landon.
C. Wendell L. Willkie
The Supreme Court-packing plan went away in part because of A. Democratic losses in 1936. B. its violation of the Constitution. C. a change in the Court's direction in rulings on key measures. D. all of the above
C. a change in the Court's direction in rulings on key measures.
Reductions in agricultural production especially hurt A. consumers. B. larger farmers. C. black and Chicano farm workers. D. manufacturers of farm equipment.
C. black and Chicano farm workers.
The decisions made at the Yalta Conference did not include the agreement that A. Germany would be split into occupation zones. B. Russia would have an occupation zone in the nonindustrialized area of East Germany, as well as in part of Berlin. C. both the Soviet Union and the United States would reduce their armaments by half after the war ended. D. free elections would be held in Poland to select a government.
C. both the Soviet Union and the United States would reduce their armaments by half after the war ended.
The most serious economic problem that Truman faced was A. unemployment. B. strikes and labor stoppages. C. inflation. D. depression.
C. inflation.
The first big business in the United States was in A. shipping B. steel C. railroads D. electricity
C. railroads
Eleanor Roosevelt helped the president by A. shielding him from labor and women's rights activists. B. providing a happy and serene home life. C. taking political risks by making alliances with black, labor, and women's groups. D. all of the above
C. taking political risks by making alliances with black, labor, and women's groups.
Germany lost the Battle of the Atlantic because A. the Allies had radar. B. it lost all of its U-boats. C. the Allies had broken the Germans' secret code. D. it withdrew its navy to fight in the Mediterranean.
C. the Allies had broken the Germans' secret code.
Truman's program for the economic recovery of Europe was called A. NATO. B. the Truman Doctrine. C. the Marshall Plan. D. containment.
C. the Marshall Plan.
In World War II, the greatest number of casualties were suffered by A. Germany. B. Japan. C. the Soviet Union. D. Great Britain.
C. the Soviet Union
In the 1948 election, A. Dewey defeated Truman. B. Strom Thurmond was the Progressive candidate. C. the new Progressive party received over a million votes. D. black voters gave their vote to Wallace.
C. the new Progressive party received over a million votes.
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" explained A. his business techniques in the steel industry B. the relationship between Christianity and wealth C. the virtues of the law of competition D. how accumulation of wealth had disappointed him
C. the virtues of the law of competition
President Wilson sent General Pershing into Mexico... a) as part of dollar diplomacy. b) to make Mexicans salute the American flag. c) to chase Pancho Villa. d) to protect American business investments.
C. to chase Pancho Villa.
The following are all true of anarchists except that they A. used dramatic acts of violence B. believed governments were abusive devises controlled by the rich C. were led by Karl Marx D. wanted a stateless society
C. were led by Karl Marx
C Mills white-collar society 1956
C: sociologist book: describes the forming of a new class
Committee for Industrial Organizations
CIO, industrial unionists
square deal
Calling for more rigorous enforcement of existing antitrust laws and stricter controls on big business, pres. Roosevelt domestic program, aimed at helping middle class
Alliance for progress
Came to establish economic cooperation between the United States and Latin America
Peace with honor
Campaign promise Nixon made, Paris peace accord two end Vietnam war
April 30, 1975
Capture of salgon, Capital of South Vietnam by the People's Army of the south Vietnam (Vietcong)
The Homestead Strike of 1892 was against
Carnegie's steel mill.
"car culture"
Cars offered social status provided freedom and mobility and served as a marker of personal identity
social Darwinism
Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the "survival of the fittest"
Chiang Kai-Shek VS Mao Tse-tung
Chiang Kai-Shek= Chinese nationalist lost Taiwan, Mao Tse-tung= communist won China/peoples Republic of China
The native American who surrendered with the "I will fight no more forever" speech was
Chief Joseph.
IN 1882, Congress passed legislation to exclude immigrants from
China
In 1882, Congress passed legislation to exclude immigrants from
China
The Boxer Rebellion took place in A. the Philippines. B. China. C. Cuba. D. Algeria.
China
the immigrants facing the harshest reception in late nineteenth-century America were those arriving from Answer Selected Answer:
China.
The first professional baseball team was the
Cincinnati Red Stockings.
The term Yellow Journalism arose from the:
Circulation war between two New York newspapers
The first large-scale experiment with federal work relief was the
Civil Works Administration.
Freedom riders
Civil rights activists who ride buses in segregated so to challenge nonenforcement of the US Supreme Court
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Claimed US's right to exercise international police power
The Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and literary blossoming, featured the works of
Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, and Zora Neale Hurston.
The Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and literacy blossoming, featured the works of
Claude Mckay, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen
The "fifty-niners" were miners who rushed into the territory of
Colorado
John J. Pershing
Commander of the AEF
Herbert Hoover
Commerce secretary who worked with business to make the economy more efficient and stable Elected president in 1928 to continue republican prosperity
The 1925 Scopes Trial
Concerned the Butler bill passed by the Tennessee legislature.
During the Gilded Age
Congress was evenly divided between the two major parties
During the Gilded Age,
Congress was evenly divided between the two major parties.
Stalwarts
Conservative Republican Party during the presidency of Rutherford Hayes; led by Senator Roscoe Conkling, Stalwarts opposed civil service reform and favored a third term for President
Cornelius Vanderbit
Consolidated several separate railroads into one New York Central railroad
Berlin wall
Constricted by German Democratic Republic, cut of West Berlin from surrounding E. Germany
The first transcontinental railroad ran from..
Council Bluffs to Sacramento
The first transcontinential railroad ran from
Council Bluffs to Sacramento.
The Journalist H.L. Mencken:
Covered the Scopes Trial
The journalist H.L. Mencken:
Covered the Scopes Trial.
Movies
Created nationwide excitement and shaped national values
Sears, Roebuck and Company became the nation's largest retailer by
Creating a national market Selling directly to the consumer at low prices distributing goods throught the mall ~~~~All of the Above~~~~~~
T
Credit Mobilier bribed congressmen: (T/F) 759
Panama Canal
Crucial for American economic growth, the building of this canal was begun by American builders in 1904 and completed in 1914; the United States had to first engineer a Panamanian revolt against Colombia to guarentee a friendly government in Panama that wuld support the building of the canal. It was one of Roosevelt's most significant foreign policy accomplishments.
Woman Suffrage
Crusading women's voting rights Some radicals among them stiffened the opposition from those who believed that woman should have only domestic interests and ambitions 19th Amendment
Ten Years War
Cuba's attempt to throw off Spanish rule - did not succeed
Cube Libre
Cubans waged guerrilla warfare against spanish troops. Spanish troops herded Cubans in detention centers. Many died due to starvation and disease
The wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts... a) were upheld by the Supreme Court. b) led to the persecution of more than 1,500 people. c) hit hard at socialists and radicals. d) all of the above
D. All of the above
The postwar Red Scare was aimed at... a) black radicals who started race riots b) continuing German influences in society. c) opponents of the League of Nations. d) Bolsheviks, radicals, and aliens.
D. Bolsheviks, radicals, and aliens
One reason Operation Overlord succeeded was that A. the Allies attacked at the narrowest point in the English Channel. B. the Germans were completely unprepared for an invasion. C. there was perfect weather—clear skies and calm seas. D. Eisenhower surprised the Germans by attacking at Normandy.
D. Eisenhower surprised the Germans by attacking at Normandy.
During World War II, the fastest rate of urban growth occurred in the A. Northeast. B. Midwest. C. South. D. Far West.
D. Far West
The Share the Wealth program was proposed by A. Franklin Roosevelt. B. the Liberty League. C. Father Charles E. Coughlin. D. Huey P. Long.
D. Huey P. Long.
Germany took priority in the fighting because A. Nazi forces posed a greater threat to the Western Hemisphere. B. German science had greater potential for devising a devastating weapon. C. the Atlantic was crucial to victory. D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Sears, Roebuck and Company became the nation's largest retailer by A. creating a national market B. selling directly to the consumer at low prices C. distributing goods through the mail D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The Haymarket incident involved A. the McCormick Reaper Works B. America's first terrorist bombing C. the Knights of Labor D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The National Industrial Recovery Act provided for A. $3.3 billion in spending through the Public Works Administration (PWA). B. codes of fair practice for industries. C. the right of workers to form unions. D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with A. financial assistance to the transcontinental railroad B. a high tariff C. land grants to railroads D. all of the above
D. all of the above
U.S. officials were slow to aid Jewish refugees because A. they feared anti-Semitism in the United States. B. experience with wartime propaganda created doubts about reports of the Holocaust. C. reported evidence of genocide seemed beyond belief. D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Perhaps the crucial military maneuver in the Korean conflict involved A. using nuclear weapons against China. B. a surprise paratrooper assault on Seoul. C. an invasion of China. D. an amphibious landing at Inch'on.
D. an amphibious landing at Inch'on.
Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan had A. not expanded beyond its national boundaries. B. conquered all of China. C. captured all of southeast Asia. D. control of Manchuria, Shanghai, and French Indochina.
D. control of Manchuria, Shanghai, and French Indochina.
After World War I, the Senate... a) ratified the Treaty of Versailles. b) ratified the treaty except for the League of Nations. c) accepted the League of Nations, but defeated the Treaty of Versailles. d) defeated the Treaty of Versailles.
D. defeated the Treaty of Versailles.
In the Caribbean, the Wilson administration... a) refused to use military force to defend investments. b) briefly sent troops to Cuba and Puerto Rico. c) withdrew all troops at the start of the World War. d) sent marines in to Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
D. sent marines in to Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
From April 1948 to May 1949, A. the United Nations debated the formation of Israel. B. Joseph R. McCarthy held hearings on Alger Hiss. C. a North Korean advance nearly defeated South Korea. D. the Soviets blockaded Berlin.
D. the Soviets blockaded Berlin.
The Fair Labor Standards Act provided for all of the following for interstate businesses except A. a minimum wage. B. the prohibition of child labor. C. a maximum work week of forty hours. D. the right of workers to form unions.
D. the right of workers to form unions.
In United States v. Butler, the Supreme Court overturned the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) because A. agriculture was not considered interstate commerce. B. the plan failed to help raise farm incomes. C. the programs discriminated against black sharecroppers and tenant farmers. D. the tax on food processors was unconstitutional.
D. the tax on food processors was unconstitutional
David Riesman, The lonely crowd 1950
D: Socialist attorney and educator book: identifies and analyzes three mean culture types tradition- directed, inner- direcded , other directed
Versus the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas 1954
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black /white students, unconstitutional
Clarence Darrow:
Defended John T. Scopes for teaching evolution in Dayton, TN.
Third world
Defined countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the communism bloc
Transcontinental Railroad...
Delayed by start of Civil War
Adlai E Stevenson
Democratic candidate
USS maddox 1964
Departed for Long Beach, established patrol of the coast of South Vietnam
Werner Heisenberg
Developed the principle of uncertainty
The culture of modernism of the 1920s is best described by:
Developments in science that challenge the 19th century beliefs.
fascism
Dictatorship, an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
The Teller Amendment:
Disclaimed any American designs on Cuban territory.
Kennedy-Khrushchev(soviet leader) meeting in 1961
Discussed issues in the relationship between two countries
Committee on Public Information
Distributed literature calculated to appeal to the emotions of the people and unite them behind the war effort
First Indochina war
Doing French and Viet Minh opponents
I like Ike
Eisenhower movement: persuaded him to run for president
Liberation strategy
Eisenhower said that it would not involve military force
One reason Operation Overlord succeeded was
Eisenhower surprised the Germans by attacking at Normandy.
Creeping socialism
Eisenhower warned about this
Korean Armsistice1953
Ended the Korean War
Munich agreement of 1938
England and France bought hitler off (appeasment) give hitler what he wanted in order for him to promise not to go to war, defeat without war
Spheres of influence
England, France, Germany, Russia, Japan essentially carved up China amongst themselves Threatened to destroy American access to China
College enrollment in the 1960s
Enrollment quadrupled
Trumans Fair deal proposals
Ensure civil rights, aid to education, universal health insurance, the fair employment practices commission, and reapeal of the taft-Hartley act
The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890:
Established and funded land-grant colleges
Civil rights act of 1960
Established federal inspection of local voter registration polls& introduced penalties for anyone who obstructed someone's attempt to register to vote
wilsons idealistic diplomacy
Every nation of the world needs to be drawn into the protection/guardianship of America
Southern blacks who migrated to Kansas were called
Exodusters
Southern blacks who migrated to Kansas were called
Exodusters.
Housing and urban development
Expanded funding for existing Federal housing programs
Among Edison's inventions were the typewriter and the telephone.
F
An important railroad "robber baron" was Andrew Carnegie.
F
Andrew Carnegie consolidated the steel industry into U.S. Steel.
F
As the subordination of blacks grew more rigid, American attitudes toward immigrants grew more tolerant.
F
Beginning about 1880, "new immigrants" were welcomed with open arms by the American people.
F
In 1900, the average worker in manufacturing worked only about 45 hours per week.
F
In a show of democratic solidarity on the part of the American people, the Farmers' Alliance, especially in the southern states, welcomed black farmers into the Alliance.
F
In the 1880s and 1890s, blacks no longer served in the United States Congress.
F
In the late nineteenth century urban workers rallied in support of Populist farmers.
F
J. P. Morgan's life was an example of rags to riches.
F
Only after Spain threatened to invade America did the United States elect to go to war.
F
The Homestead Strike of 1892 involved western farmers upset over low agricultural prices, high railroad shipping rates, and continued attacks by Indians.
F
The first major interstate labor strike was the Homestead Strike in 1894.
F
The first transcontinental railroad went from St. Louis to Los Angeles.
F
Turn-of-the-century segregation laws were passed in clear defiance of Supreme Court rulings.
F
The New Deal
FDR's policies to fix the economic problems that caused the Great Depression
Bay of Pigs 1961
Failed military invasion of Cuba
"He kept us out of war" was the 1916 Republican campaign cry against Wilson.
False
"black codes" were laws passed by the Radical Reconstruction government to give equal rights
False
A great concern to the United States and Britain was the rise of China as a militaristic power.
False
A letter from Depuy de Lôme played a significant role in creating tensions that led to the annexation of Hawaii. A. True B. False
False
Alice Paul was arrested for opening the first birth control center in the United States.
False
Among Edison's inventions were the typewriter and the telephone.
False
An important railroad "robber baron" was Andrew Carnegie.
False
Andrew Carnegie consolidated the steel industry into U.S. Steel.
False
Andrew Mellon said, "The chief business of the American people is business."
False
Andrew W. Mellon said, "The chief business of the American people is business."
False
As a white southerner, President Wilson was sensitive to the rights of blacks and opposed racial segregation.
False
As a white southerner, Woodrow Wilson was especially sensitive to the rights and needs of black Americans.
False
As head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, John Collier hoped to eliminate tribes and fully assimilate Native Americans into the national culture.
False
As president, Theodore Roosevelt preferred achieving reform through congressional action.
False
Basketball became the national sport in the 1920s.
False
Before 1878, the federal government had never authorized the coinage of silver.
False
Before he became president, Woodrow Wilson served as govenor of New York
False
Britain and France declared war on Germany after Hitler's troops invaded the Sudetenland.
False
Buying stocks on margin helped restrain speculation in the stock market.
False
By 1920, both Puerto Rico and the Philippines had gained complete independence from the United States.
False
By 1920, both Puerto Rico and the Philippines had gained complete independence from the United States. A. True B. False
False
By 1942, the Axis Powers included the Soviet Union.
False
Coolidge became president when Harding resigned in the midst of the Teapot Dome scandal.
False
Coxey's Army sought help for farmers suffering from deflation
False
Cuba was France's oldest colony in the Americas.
False
During World War II, Congress readily renewed and extended such New Deal programs as the National Youth Administration.
False
During the Gilded Age the same party never controlled both the presidency and Congress.
False
Ellis Island in 1892 became the gateway of entry for immigrants from Asia
False
Ellis Island is located near the port of San Fransisco
False
From 1880 to 1910, the number of women reported in the workforce increased over threefold.
False
George A. Custer lost to the Sioux at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
False
H. L. Mencken dubbed the twenties the "Jazz Age."
False
Harding filled his cabinet with mediocre appointees.
False
Henry Ford invented the automobile.
False
Ida Tarbell's muckraking articles led to the cleaning up of many of America's corrupt city administrations.
False
In 1887, the United States bought Alaska from Britain for $7.2 million.
False
In 1900, the average worker in manufacturing worked only about 45 hours per week.
False
In 1910, the largest group of hyphenated Americans was from Ireland.
False
In 1912, the Progressive party nominated Robert M. La Follette for president.
False
In 1927, delegates of five nations met and signed a treaty limiting the size of their navies.
False
In 1940, in calling for the United States to be the "arsenal of democracy," Roosevelt wanted to provide assistance to the Soviet Union.
False
In 1941, the lend-lease program concentrated on stopping Italian conquests in eastern Europe.
False
In the spring of 1932, the Bonus Expeditionary Force sought to block payment of bonuses to Wall Street tycoons.
False
Interracial marriages became acceptable to most in American society during the 1920s.
False
Ironically, the Farmers Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers. Answer Selected Answer:
False
Italian Americans and German Americans were interned in camps in Arizona for the duration of the war.
False
J. P. Morgan's life was an example of rags to riches
False
J. P. Morgan's life was an example of rags to riches.
False
Joseph Glidden's invention of barbed wire in 1873 helped protect the cotton fields of Nebraska
False
Joseph Glidden's invention of barbed wire in 1873 helped protect the cotton fields of Nebraska.
False
Josiah Strong defended imperialism for economic reasons. A. True B. False
False
Labor unions experienced phenomenal growth in the twenties.
False
Most of the migrants to the West were very poor people desperate to buy cheap land.
False
Mussolini's Nazi party promised a growth of national pride and a return to law and order.
False
Native Americans were segregated in the military.
False
Organized crime began during the Depression.
False
Plessy Vs. Ferguson ended legal segregation
False
President Wilson, a pacifist, never allowed U.S. military forces to intervene in Mexico.
False
Radical Reconstruction began in 1867 with the Republicans' new two-thrids majority in Congress after the 1866 elections
False
Silver Coinagein the late ninetenth century caused deflation
False
The "Hundred Days" refers to the long waiting period between FDR's election and his inauguration.
False
The Boston police strike of 1919 helped launch Warren G. Harding's political career.
False
The Federal Reserve system came into existence during President Taft's administration.
False
The Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922 lowered rates on agricultural products.
False
The Germans made overtures of peace in August 1919 on the basis of the Fourteen Points, a speech given by British prime minister David Lloyd George.
False
The Great Sioux War was actually a minor skirmish with Indians in the Dakota Territory.
False
The Homestead Strike of 1892 involved western farmers upset over low agricultural prices, high railroad shipping rates, and continued attacks by Indians.
False
The Indian wars in the west started with skirmishes against the Cherokees.
False
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 declared that the United States would finally join the League of Nations.
False
The Knights of Labor was an organization of capitalists dedicated to the elimination of unions in America.
False
The New Deal's programs ended the Great Depression.
False
The Open Door policy described America's approach to Cuba after 1900.
False
The Open Door policy described America's approach to Cuba after 1900. A. True B. False
False
The Panama Canal opened in 1909 at the end of Theodore Roosevelt's administration. A. True B. False
False
The Pendleton Act allowed for the coinage of more silver.
False
The Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 included a ruling that states could not interfere with the rights of blacks.
False
The Populist party fused with the Republicans in the election of 1896 in an attempt to gain free and unlimited coinage of silver.
False
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation assisted farmers, homeowners, and labor unions.
False
The Roosevelt Corollary applied the Monroe Doctrine to Hawaii. A. True B. False
False
The Roosevelt Coronally applied the Monore Doctrine to Hawaii
False
The Scottsboro case in 1931 involved efforts to organize workers in the Southwest.
False
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 outlawed corporate actions in "restraint of trade."
False
The Teapot Dome scandal was the major issue in the 1924 election.
False
The United States ratified the Treaty of Versailles in 1920.
False
The United States was the first country in the world to give women the vote.
False
The War Refugee Board was amazingly successful at rescuing Jews from Europe.
False
The Zimmerman telegram revealed Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
False
The Zimmerman telegram revealed Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
False
The end of World War II led to another period of isolationism in the United States.
False
The first act passed in March 1933 was the Economy Act, designed to reopen the major banks.
False
The first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese island of Okinawa.
False
The first major interstate labor strike was the Homestead Strike in 1894.
False
The first major interstate strike was the Haymarket Strike of 1886.
False
The first transcontinental railroad went from St. Louis to Los Angeles.
False
The gangster Al Capone was finally convicted for bootlegging in 1929.
False
The largest naval battle in history occurred at the Coral Sea.
False
The major industry of the New South was tobacco manufacturing.
False
The open door policy described America's approach to Cuba after 1900
False
The role of city manager was devised in an attempt to make local government more democratic.
False
The rush of poor, politically unimportant miners into the West hampered the creation of new states.
False
The sinking of the Titanic off Ireland by U-boats made many Americans anti-German.
False
The stock market crash caused the Great Depression.
False
Theodore Roosevelt created Yellowstone National Park in 1907.
False
Theodore Roosevelt fought in Cuba as a commissioned officer in the regular U.S. Army.
False
Theodore Roosevelt fought in Cuba as a commissioned officer in the regular U.S. Army. A. True B. False
False
Turner's frontier thesis praised the role of women and Mexicans in the creation of a democratic West.
False
Union membership in the 1920s remained steady.
False
Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to promote regulation of the meatpacking industry.
False
Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to promote regulationof the meatpacking industry
False
W.E.B. Du Bois was a leader in the Universal Negro Improvement Association.
False
W.E.B. DuBois made a speech in Atlanta,Georgia that Brooker T. Washington called The Atlanta Compromise
False
Waving the "Bloody shirt' was a tactic used by Democats to descredit Republican opponents.
False
Wilson thought Germany's admission of war guilt was the most necessary part of the peace negotiations.
False
Wilson thought Germany's admissions of war guilty was the most important part of the peace negotiations
False
Women made major and lasting gains as workers when they entered the workforce in large numbers during World War I.
False
Al Capone
Famous Chicago gang leader whose empire was largely on illegal liquor Many regarded him as admirable person
"In His Steps"
Famous book by Charles Sheldon applied teachings of Christ to modern times
Robert M. Lafollette
Famous progressive governor from Wisconsin
During World War II, the fastest rate of urban growth occurred in the
Far West.
Why did FDR think the AAA was necessary?
Farm prices fell sharply in 1930.
Legislation passed in 1916 did not include the
Federal Reserve Act
FTC
Federal Trade Commission. Protects consumers from misleading and fraudulent advertising. Reviews advertising claims. Can order a company to change their ad
Between 1866 and 1888, as humans moved to the cities and became prosperous, they:
Fell easily under the spell of respectability and do-nothing social Darwinism.
Betty Frieden, the feminine mystique 1963
Feminist, The book start the wave of the beginning of the second wave of feminism, surveys about unhappy housewives
Philippine War 1898-1902
Filipino rebels employed guerilla warefare in a bloody and unsuccessful effort
Eisenhower's farewell address to the nation
Final public speech, in a tv broadcast
FDR's weekly radio program was called the
Fireside Chats
Taft
First civilian governor of the Philippines Gave the people some local autonomy Modernized the country in many ways Prepared them for independence
Ngo Dinh Diem
First president of south Vietnam wanted to create Republic of Vietnam
Charles Lindbergh
First solo flight across the Atlantic (1927) National hero "Spirit of St. Louis"
A precursor of the stock market crash occurred in the speculative mania of the mid-1920s in
Florida.
Expertise
Folks who had special knowledge, today would be called consultants, paid a good amount of money to help things move quickly
What 1893 United States Supreme Court decision authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law? Answer Selected Answer:
Fong Yue Ting
Ku Klux Klan
Formed as a social club for Confederate
Knights of Labor
Founded in 1869, the first national union picked up many members after the disastrous 1877 railroad strike, but lasted under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor. (page 775)
American Federation of Labor
Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions made up of skilled workers, the AFL under president Samuel Gompers successfully pushed for the eight-hour workday
American Federation of Labor
Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions made up of skilled workers, the ____ ____ _ ___ under president Samuel Gompers successfully pushed for the eight-hour workday. (page 779)
Whose campaign song was "Happy Days Are Here Again"?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
A pioneer in making parks available for city dwellers was
Frederick Law Olmsted
The progressives' emphasis on efficiency drew on the ideas of
Frederick W. Taylor.
The progressives' emphasis on efficiency drew on the ideas of
Fredrick W. Taylor
The progressives' emphasis on effieciency drew on the ideas of
Fredrick W. Taylor
In the 1880's an attempt to build a canl across Central America was made by the
French
In the 1880s, an attempt to build a canal across Central America was made by the A. British. B. Colombians. C. French. D. Germans.
French
Battle of Dien Bien Phuket 1954
French defeat, influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina Geneva
Radical Republicans
Gained strength in 1866
In the 1866 conressional elections:
Gave Republicans veto-proof majorities
The Electoral Commission, set up by Congress in January 1877,
Gave the disputed electoral votes to the Republicans.
The Electoral Commission, set up by Congress in January 1877.
Gave the disputed electoral votes to the Republicans.
In 1912, Eugene Debs ran as President under the Socialist Party. Socialism was imported to the United States mainly by:
Germans
Battle of Britain (1940)
Germans launched daily bombing raids against military targets. The British royal air force surprised Germans
Submarine Warfare
Germans used U-Boats to attack Allied shipping
Roosevelt decided Hitler had to be stopped after
Germany occupied Czechoslovakia in 1939.
Outbreak of the war
Germany pressured Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia Serbia called on Russia for support
Reparations
Germany was to pay back $56 billion in war damages
The Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
Adolf Hitler and National Socialism
Germanys dictator 1933-1945, fascism, nazi party startled the world, Germany banned all partied but nazis
"All of you young people who served in the war, you are the lost generation," said
Gertrude Stein
"All of you young people who served in the war, you are the lost generation," said
Gertrude Stein.
The Ghost Dance Movement
Ghost of Ancestors would join them in battle and special shirts were bullet proof.
UN security council and Korea
Got approval to push into North Korea
The most significant development in black life in the 1920s was the
Great Migration northward.
The beats
Group of American WWII writers, poets ,painters and musicians, rejected standers innovations in style experimentation with drugs and and interest in eastern religion
Muckrakers
Group of crusading journalists who drew attention to various injustices in American society
Which of the following was a Democrat?
Grover Cleveland
Which of the following was named the father of an illegitimate child?
Grover Cleveland
The 1892 presidential election was won by: Answer Selected Answer:
Grover Cleveland, the Democrat.
Debunkers
H.L Mencken F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis Writers who ridiculed modern America society and values
Ohio gang
Harding's cabinet members that caused problems
normalcy
Hardings promise which reflected both his conservative views and the voters desire for stability and order
W.E.B. Du Bois
Harvard-educated civil rights activist
Charles Lindbergh
He became the 1st guy to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean
W.E.B. duBois
He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. He also helped found the NAACP.
Gifford Pinchot
He campaigned for conservation, planned, regulated use of the nation's forest lands for various public and commercial purposes.
Clarence Darrow
He defended John Scopes in the Scopes "Monkey" trial
Eugene V. Debs
He founded the American Railway Union, which he organized against the Pullman Palace Car Comp. Later he organized the Social Democratic party, which eventually became the Socialist Party. In the 1912 election, he ran as the Socialist party's candidate and received more than 900,000 votes.
Eugene V. Debs
He founded the American Railway Union, which he organized against the Pullman Palace Car Company during the Pullman strike. Later he organized the Social Democratic party, which eventually became the Socialist Party of America. In the 1912 presidential election, he ran as the Socialist party's candidate and received more than 900,000 votes. (page 782)
Samuel Gompers
He served as the president of the American Federation of Labor from its inception until his death. He focused on achieving concrete economic gains such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
Alfred P. Sloan
Head of General Motors; Largest automaker by 1920; Modern administrative system
War Industries Board
Headed by the Wall Street financier Bernard Baruch. The WIB regulated much of the national economy to give priority to the war effort
The book that stirred people's consciousness about the destruction of the Indians was written by
Helen Hunt Jackson.
The southern Farmer's Alliance
Helped established the Populist Party.
Women's Profession
Helping professions: Teaching, Nursing, and Library work
Who coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
Herbert Spencer
The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by
Herbert Spencer.
Election of 1932
Hoover vs. FDR; two competing ideologies - laissez faire vs. government intervention
"Rags to Riches"
Horatio Alger
Kingfish
Huey Long- most dangerous american, began taking court cases for the poor, became a "dictator" in Louisiana, democrat, used intimidation and blackmail to achieve goals
Share Our Wealth
Huey Longs plan- taking money from the rich and give to poor to make everyone middle class(help poor by guaranteeing them $), he was killed
The Share the Wealth program was proposed by
Huey P. Long.
A refference in the 1884 Presidental campaign to "rum, Romanism, and rebellion"
Hurt candidate James Blaine
Watergate
Illegal activities undertaken by members of Nixon administration
Chicago's Hull House was designed to assist:
Immigrants living in slums
ALL of the following describe the impeachment of Andrew Johnson EXCEPT:
Impeachment charges included charges that the President accepted bribes and committed perjury under oath.
Alfed Thayer Mahan is best known for his writings about the
Importance of sea power
Frederick Law Olmsted
In 1858, he constructed New York's Central Park, which led to a growth in the movement to create urban parks.
Great Sioux War
In 1874, Custard led an expedition into the Black Hills, which the United States government had promised to the Sioux Indians. Miners soon followed and the army did nothing. Eventually, the army attacked the Sioux Indians and the fight against them lasted for fifteen months before the Sioux Indians were forced to give up their land and move onto a reservation.
Mississippi Plan
In 1890, Mississippi instituted policies that led to a near-total loss of voting rights for blacks and many poor whites. In order to vote, the state required that citizens pay all their taxes first, be literate, and have been residents of the state for two years and one year in an electoral district
National Origin Act
In 1924, congress banned immigration from East Asia and restricted immigration from Europe
Parity
In 1929, farmers made about one fourth of an average per capita income; "Parity" mean a fair price for crops, arrived at by a complicated system giving
Harlem Renaissance
In NYC a group of black intellectuals created an Afro-American culture of poetry, novel, and art
"Jim Crow" laws
In the New South, laws mandated the separation of races in various public places that served as a way for the ruling whites to impose their will on all areas of black life.
Conscientious objector
Individuals who claimed the right to refuse to pay for military service
The organizatio that wanted to be "one big union" for all workers was the
Industrial Workers of the World
The organization that wanted to be "one big union" for all workers was the
Industrial Workers of the World.
The organization that wanted to destroy the state and replace it with "one big union" was the
Industrial Workers of the World.
In the 1890s, Dr. James Naismith
Invented basketball
muckrakers
Investigative journalist who wrote for popular magazine, who thrived on exposing social ills and corporate and political corruption
Most of the men who endured low wages and dangerous conditions to build for the Union Pacific Railroad were:
Irish
Which of the following was not a central principle of the American Federation of Labor? Answer Selected Answer:
It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill.
ALL of the following describe the Reconstruction Act passed by Congress EXCEPT:
It removed military forces from the South.
All of the following are true of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, except:
It set up the Interstate Commerce commission
US economy by 1970
It soard to new heights
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants who were charged with murder; supposedly convicted and executed because they admitted to being anarchists; controversy raged through much of the 1920's over their case
Vittorio Orlando
Italian statesman and jurist; At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, he demanded the fulfillment of the secret Treaty of London of 1915, by which the Allies had promised Italy ample territorial compensation in Dalmatia for its entry into World War I. Meeting stubborn opposition from Woodrow Wilson and failing to secure British or French support, he dramatically left the conference in Apr., 1919, but returned in May.
The Allied Powers
Italy switched sides and joined Britain, France, and Russia
John Keats, the crack in the picture window 1956
J: English romantic book: about the hashing developments that were beginning the landscape and soles of American suburbs
John Kenneth Galbraith, The affluent society (1958)
J: american liberalism Book: surgut to clearly outline the manner in which post WWII US was becoming wealthy in a private sector, but poor in the public sector ,popularized the term "conventional wisdom"
J D Salinger, catcher the rye 1951
J:American private writer book: is depiction of bobsled alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist and to been cauifield
The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was: Answer Selected Answer:
Jacob Coxey.
Who photographed the slums of New York city?
Jacob Riis
marcus garvey
Jamaican political leader, funded the national association for the advancement of colored people
Marcus Garvey
Jamaican who preached black nationalism and black superiority, and that blacks should leave America and create a new society in Africa
Between 1866 and 1895, the only president assassinated was
James A. Garfield
Between 1866 and 1895, the only president assassinated was
James A. Garfield.
Hull House
Jane Adam's famous and widely copied settlement helped immigrants make transition from their country to the U.S.
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks- Perl Harbor, this silenced US neutrality, Roosevelt asks for declaration of war against Japan Dec. 8
In the Panay incident in 1937,
Japanese airplanes sank an American warship.
"China Incident" (1937)
Japanese and Chinese troops clashed west of Beijing which quickly developed into war- many raped, became known as the rape of Nanjing
Bataan
Japanese captures 78,000 troops (american and filipino) and made them march 65 mi to the Bataan Peninsula. Became known as Bataan death march
V-J Day, September 2, 1945
Japanese surrendered
Manchurian Incident of 1931-1932
Japanese troops occupied Manchuria (bc of valuable iron and coal) they proclaimed its independence from china- 1st major step to take over china
After 1890, most immigrants were:
Jews ad Catholics
Who founded the American Steel & Wire Company
John "Bet a million" Gates
Who developed the idea of a Trust?
John D. Rockefeller
The use of the trust device for consolidating industry originated with
John D. Rockefeller.
As a result of the Scopes trial:
John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution
Who made the devils rope
Joseph Glidden
The man who was key in the growth of the cattle industry was
Joseph McCoy
The man who was key in the growth of the cattle industry was..
Joseph McCoy
The publisher of the New York Journal was:
Joseph Pulitzer
Second Battle of the Marne
July of 1918 The German advance was stopped and the Allies began a great offensive
Radio
KDKA in Pittsburg PA was the first commercial radio station (1920) NBC was the first national radio network (1927) Radio linked the entire nation together
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? Answer Selected Answer:
Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African Americans migrated to: Answer Selected Answer:
Kansas.
First ever television debate
Kennedys/Nixon president debate
Kent State University 1970
Known internationally for its students activism in opposition to US involvement in Vietnam war
"100 percent Americanism" would be the slogan of which group?
Ku Klux Klan
Which of the following 1920s social critics wrote about a dream deferred?
Langston Hughes
Which poet wrote "I cant be President"?
Langston Hughes
Silent majority
Large group of people who don't express their opinions publicly
Tet Offensive 1968
Largest military campaign, surprise attacks on south Vietnam by Vietcong and North Vietnam
Jose Marti
Leader of the Cuban Revolution Led Cuba to achieve its independence Killed in 1895
Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino resistance His capture soon brought the war to an end
Alfred Thayer Mahan(naval captain), The influence of sea power upon history 1890
Leading advocate of sea power, insisted that modern economic development required a powerful navy, a strong merchantman, foreign commerce, colonies, and naval bases
John Hopkins
Leading medical school, founded in 1893 in Baltimore, Maryland Very well-known for fighting of cancer
National Woman's Party
Led by Alice Paul Pushed for Equal Rights amendment in the 1920s
Socialism
Led by Eugene V. Debs Socialists pushed for basic structural changes in economy
George A. Custer
Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S. Army who fought the Sioux Indians in the Great Sioux War. In 1876, he and his detachment of soldiers were entirely wiped out in the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Triple Entente
Linked Britain, France, and Russia as one of two major powers in Europe that were organized in 1914.
The Seventeenth Amendment
Made senators popularly elected.
An early and major American victory in the Spanish-American War occurred at
Manila Bay.
Prohibition
Manufacture and sale of alcohol was outlawed in the 1920s, but there was rampant disregard for the law Law was repealed in 1933
The "Lost Generation"
Many writers and intellectuals became disillusioned with modern American values and decided that loving for self was the way to happiness
Zimmerman Telegram
March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico at the end of the war.
Who coined the phrase "Gilded Age"?
Mark Twain
Election of 1900
McKinley crushed Bryan for the second consecutive term Roosevelt became Vice-President Viewed as a referendum on imperialism
Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare guarantees access to health insurance for American 65 or older who have worked and Medicaid is the healthcare program for low income families
reservationist
Men who insisted upon limiting American participation in the league
social justice
Middle class women were the driving force, the ability people have to realize their potential in society where they live (cleaning up cities, public awareness campaigns, regulating child labor)
The irreconcilables were primarily
Midwestern and western progressives.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Military Rule of the South
Massive retaliation
Military doctrie and nuclear strategy in which a State commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of attack
A. Mitchell Palmer and the red scar
Mitchell- attorney general for US. promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftism proponents. about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism
televisions transformation of american culture
Most popular household product was a TV, grocery stores started selling TV dinners
T
Mother Jones was a devoted speaker and demonstrator for the United Mine Workers and other unions who demanded safer working conditions and restrictions on child labor. (T/F) 783-4
national child labor committee
Movement for laws prohibiting the employment of children, (NCLC) private non-profit organization, leading proponent for the child labor reform movement: funded by edgar murphy
The liberals in the Republican party in 1884 who could not support their candidate for president, James Blaine, were named
Mugwumps
strategic air offensive of Germany
Mussolini was plucked from imprisonment by a daring german airborne raid
Temperance Crusade
Myriad problems associated with alcohol caused a nationwide movement to begin and grew with a goal to ban it altogether Forefront workers were Frances Willard and her Women's Christian Temperance Union
norman Vincent Peale, the power of positive thinking (1952)
N: progenitor of "positive thinking"; author of book about winning confidence, bestseller and it was a how to course in personal happiness
National Recovery Administration
NIRA created this, purpose- stabilize the economy by reducing competition through industry wide codes hat set wages and prices and to generate more purchasing power for consumers by providing jobs defining workplace standards and raising wages
Yellow journalism
NY news paper publishers Pulitzer and Hearst competed for circulation by printing sensational news and illustrations Sometimes reached the level of fabrication
New Freedom
Name of Wilson's party; Proposed to destroy monopolies instead of regulating then
The first Grand Wizard of the KKK was
Nathaniel Bedford Forrest
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional.
the "New Woman"
National feminist movement gathered momentum and challenge woman's traditional roles
Ku Klux Klan
Nativist group that targeted Catholics, African Americans, Jews, and foreigners
The Great Migration
Nearly 500,000 blacks left the rural South for the industrial cities of the North; this led to much animosity and several serious race riots; the worst was in Chicago, 1919
Venezuela Boarder Dispute, 1895
Nearly went to war to persuade Britain to submit to arbitration the question of the boarder between Venezuela President Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney invoked the Monroe Doctrine and threatened war
Henry kissinger
Negotiated Paris peace accords ending American involvement in Vietnam war
The Federal highway construction act of 1956
Network of freeways that forms part of the national highway system of theirs
The first state to grant women's suffrage east of the Mississippi was
New York
Ellis Island
New York..all immigrants came through
Joseph Pulitzer
Newspaper journalist "NY world"
Barry Goldwater the conscience of a conservative 1960
Nominee for Republic of president in 1964, book: relighted American conservative movement influenced countries conservatives
In his 1920 campaign for president, Warren G. Harding said the country needed a return to:
Normalcy
June 25, 1950
North Korean soldiers crossed the 30th parallel into South Korea, Korean war; result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious allies at the conclusion of the end of WWII
The Jungle
Novel by Upton Sinclair 1906 Alerted people to the current slovenly and unsanitary methods of meat preparation
Armistice
November 11, 1918 @ 11:00 a.m.
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929- the day all efforts to restore the stock market failed; the stock market crashed.
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929; Stock Market Crash
National Magazines
Offered something to everyone
"Free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic," said
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Gifford Pinchot
One of the country's first scientific foresters, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1881 as the chief of the newly created Division of Forestry in the Department of Agriculture; worked to develop programs and public interest in conservation, but was fired in 1910 by President William Howard Taft after exposing a supposed scandal involving western conservation land in what came to be known as the Ballinger-Pinchot affair.
Lincoln Steffens
One of the most well-known Muckrakers His forte was exposing corruption in city politics
Missile gap
Or term used to describe to perceive superiority of the # and power of the USSRs missile in comparison with its own
Ku Klux Klan
Organization Founded in the South during the Reconstuction era by whotes who wanted to maintain white supremacy in the region. KKK used terror tactices, incuding members of the 1920s Klan also opposed Cathlics and Southern and Eastern European immigrants. The KKK exists to this day with recent efforts to make the Klan appear to be "respectable."
Ku Klux Klan
Originated during reconstruction Reborn in 1915 Often posed as true patriots Persecuted Jews, Blacks, Catholics, and foreigners
Civil rights act of 1964
Outlawed discrimination based on race
great migration
Over 400,000 Southern blacks begin migrating north word during the war years and it continued through the 1920s and changed political and social dynamics of northern cities
By 1900, a greater population was urbanized in the
Pacific coast
By 1900, a greater proportion of the population was urbanized in the
Pacific coast.
Vietnam peace agreement in 1973
Pans peace accords intended to establish peace in Vietnam to it end Vietnam war, ended direct US military involvement and temporarily stopped fighting between North and South Vietnam
The growing consumerism of the 1920s manifest itself in al of the following ways EXCEPT:
Passenger air service
The case of Plessy v. Ferguson involved a challenge to segregation laws that applied to:
Passenger trains
1960s baby boomers
People born during the post WWII
Wounded knee 1973
People not here to discuss poverty and issues
pershing expedition
Pershing was sent across the Mexican border with 11,000 soldiers troops chased Villa through northern Mexico they had no luck and were order to home
Admiral Dewey scored an early victory in the Spanish-American War at
Philippines
The term Muckraker came from Paul Bunyan's
Pilgrim's Progress
Social Gospel
Placed emphasis on meeting people's physical needs through various humanitarian efforts
U2 spy planes
Planes that can fly high day and night
What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks? Answer Selected Answer:
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
Hot line
Point-to-point communication link, A call is automatically directed to a pre-selected destination, ex: calls to 911 someone automatically picks up
New weapons of war
Poison gas; introduced by Germans; caused blindness, burns, death by choking: Machine gun; fires ammunition automatically: Tanks; armored combat vehicle, huge, not wheels; on catwalk tracks: Submarine; Germans introduced as effective warship; primary weapon was torpedo, underwater missile: Trench warfare was susceptible to new weapons of war.
Vietnamization
Policy by Nick send it into US involvement in the war and getting US men home
Granger movement
Political movement that grew out of the Patrons of Husbandry, an educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867; the Grange had its greatest success in the Midwest of the 1870s, lobbying for government control of railroad and grain elevator rates and establishing farmers' cooperatives.
Secret Ballot
Political parties found it difficult to monitor and influence the behavior of individual voters
Black power
Political slogan aimed at achieving self determination for African-American
Nguyen Van Thieu
Pres. of South Vietnam
"Nativism" included religious prejudice against all of the following, except:
Presbyterians
"Nativism" included religious prejudice against all the following except
Presbyterians
Calvin Coolidge
President (republican) 1923-1929 Passive but reliable
Which President authorized the building of the Panama Canal?
President Teddy Roosevelt
U.S. Neutrality
President Wilson and most of the American people desired to stay out of the war. Sympathies swung and Allies
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Pressured the government to prohibit alcohol
Civil rights act of 1957
Primarily a voting rights Bill showed Congers support for the Supreme Court decision
Fidel Castro
Prime Minister of Cuba, president
"separate but equal''
Principle underlying legal racial segregation
Flaws in the great Society programs
Priority went to federal health insurance and to education proposals that had disappeared since Pres. Truman proposed them and 1945
Impact of the Tet Offensive on US public
Profound effecton US government and shocked public because they thought Communists were incapable of launching such a massive effort
Voting rights of 1965
Prohibit discrimination in voting
Nuclear test Treaty of 1963
Prohibited all the testing of nuclear weapons except underground
Where was the celebration of tory,completion of the transcontinental railroad held?
Promontory, Utah
Open Door Policy
Proposed to the nations listed above by President McKinley and his secretary of state Allowed the US equal access to China without interference and without having to go to war
William J. Bryan
Prosecuted John T. Scopes for teaching evolution in Dayton, TN
National Defense education act of 1958
Provided funding to the US education institution at all levels
What was the name of the railroad car company against which workers struck in 1894? Answer Selected Answer:
Pullman
The president of the United States used federal troops to end the strike at
Pullman, Illinois
The president of the United States used federal troops to end the strike at
Pullman, Illinois.
Paris Peace Conference
Purpose was to draft a treaty to formally settle the war; Agreements: Germany would be required to pay reparations Many former colonies would be placed in trusteeship and supervised by the League of Nations League of Nations was established
Emergency Relief Construction Act of 1932
RCF was given $300 mil. for relief loans to the states authorized loans of up to 1.5 bil. for state and local public construction projects and $322 mil. for federal public works
REA
REA stands for
The Stalwarts in the Republican party strongly supported
Radical Reconstruction.
KDKA
Radio station
The first big business in the United States was in
Railroads
Who killed Custard?
Rain in the Face
Ellis Island
Reception center in New York Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954.
The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves: Answer Selected Answer:
Redeemers.
New left
Reference to activists, educators, sought to implement broad range of issues such as gay-rights, abortions,triple movement, antiwar
The de Lome letter:
Referred o President McKinley as a weak and cowardly leader
Mugwumps
Reform wing of the Republican party that supported Dem. Cleveland for president in 1884 over Rep. Blaine, whose influence had been revealed in the Mulligan letters of 1876.
Initiative
Reformers could bypass the state legislature and submit legislation directly to voters
3 R's of the New Deal
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson focused on his
Removal of Secretary of War Stanton
The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson focused on his..
Removal of Secretary of War Stanton.
Dwight D Eisenhower
Republican
James Gillepsie Blaine
Republican congressman from Maine,developed close ties with business leaders, which contributed to him losing the presidential election of 1884. He later opposed President Cleveland's efforts to reduce tariffs, which became a significant issue in the 1888 presidential election. Blaine served as secretary of state under President Benjamin Harrison
James G. Blaine
Republican leader of the "Half Breeds"
The nation's urban working class voters shifted their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894 in significant degree because: Answer Selected Answer:
Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
Tonkin gulf resolution of 1964
Response to gulf Tonkin incident, gave LBJ authorization without formal deceleration of war by Congress authorized president to do whatever necessary to assist any member of the south east Asia collective defense treaty
Scopes "Monkey" Trial
Resulted in the elimination of teaching evolution in any public classroom
Who said, "Kill and scalp all!"?
Rev. John Chivington
The greatest victory by radical progressives during the Wilson administration was the
Revenue Act of 1916.
modernism in the art
Revolt against traditional art, this art is from 1860-1970, usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside
Who founded the King Ranch?
Richard King
Of all the third-party presidential candidates up through the 1924 election, the one who received the largest vote was
Robert M. la Follette
Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and churchill met secretly to draw up a joint statement of common principles, it pledged after the final destruction of Nazi tyranny the victors would promote the self-determination of all people, economic cooperation, freedom of the seas, and a new system of international security.
"unconditional surrender"
Roosevelt announced that the war would end only w/ Unconditional surrender of all enemies- designed to quiet soviet suspicions that the western allies might negotiate, The Germans surrendered after Berlin fall, may 8th 1945- VE day
Great white fleet
Roosevelt celebrated Americas rise and sent the entire US navy on a tour announcing that they were ready to fight, at every port of call down the Atlantic coast of South Africa up to the west coast out to Hawaii and down to New Zealand and Australia received rousing welcomes
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905
Roosevelt offered to mediate Russia and Japan
Gentlemens agreement 1907
Roosevelt persuaded the school to change its policy after making sure that Japanese would not issue visas except to former residents, halted the impulse of Japanese immigrants and brought some respite to recial agitation in California
Roosevelts new nationalism
Roosevelt political phil. during 1912 election
"shoot on sight"
Roosevelt told US navy to shoot on sight at German navy
Conservation
Roosevelt was greatly concerned about wasting of natural resources and destruction of wilderness He leaned more toward carefully managed development than total preservation
The Square Deal
Roosevelt's slogan for his second term
Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for his diplomacy with A. Panama and Cuba. B. Russia and Morocco. C. China. D. Africa.
Russia and Morocco
The Treaty of Portsmouth resulted from American intervention in the A. Boxer Rebellion. B. Russo-Japanese War. C. Dominican Republic. D. Panama Canal.
Russo-Japanese War
The Treaty of Portsmouth resulted from American intervention in the
Russo-Japanese War.
In the 1890s, anti-imperialists included
Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, and William James.
The major victory for Roosevelt's Rough Riders in the Spanish American War was at:
San Juan Hill
Which chronology is correct?
Sand Creek Massacre, Little Big Horn, surrender of Geronimo, Wounded Knee
Which is the correct order for the following incidents in the West?
Sand Creek Massacre, Little Big Horn, surrender of Geronimo, Wounded Knee
What was another name for Al Capone?
Scarface
Scopes Trial - 1925
Scopes was a teacher in Dayton, TN who was promoted by the ACLU to test that law against teaching evolution He was obviously guilty, but the case turned into a showdown between modernism and fundamentalism
D
Sears, Roebuck and Company became the nation's largest retailer by: A)creating a national market. B)selling directly to the consumer at low prices. C)distributing goods through the mail. D)all of the above
Molly Maguires
Secret organization of Irish coal miners that used violence to intimidate mine officials in the 1870s. (page 771)
Charles Evans Hughes
Secretary of State under Harding who urged the US, England, Japan, France and Italy to disarm or reduce their weapons
Elihu Root
Secretary of War under McKinley and then Roosevelt Overhauled and modernized the organization and training of the U.S. Military,
In response to the Bonus Marchers, Herbert Hoover:
Sent the U.S. Army to evict them from their Hooverville.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
September-November - the Allies' huge offensive, with over one million American soldiers, pushed the Germans back to their own border and ended the war
Allied powers
Serbia, Russia, France, Belgium, Italy, Britain
Geneva accords 1954
Set of documents temporary separated Vietnam into two zones
Great Society
Set of domestic programs, social reforms, elimination of property and racial injustices
Samoa
Set of islands in the South Pacific Natural place for defensive harbor - Pago Pago Natural place for divided islands between Germany, Britain, and America
James G Blaine
Set up the Pan-american Union and the and Pan-American congress Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison
conservative coalition
Shut down new deal
Chester Arthur ruined his chances for re-election when he:
Signed the Pendleton Act into Law
Anti-saloon league
Single issue pressure group, mostly women, pushing to take away alcohol, leading organ. for lobbying prohibition in US: strongest in south and rural north
Jane Addams
Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.
In the Battle of Little Big Horn,
Some 3,000 Indians annihilated a detachment of 200 soldiers.
In the Battle of the Little Big Horn,
Some 3,000 Indians annihilated a detachment of 200 soldiers.
Welfare capitalism
Some employers wanted to avoid union growth and labor unrest, so they extended many benefits to their workers
Nativists
Some people believed that open immigration was harming the nation and wished to restrict it Madison Grant in The Passint of the Great Race claimed that immigration led to degradation of the Angelo-Saxon race
Regulation
Some thought large business could be preserved but only with careful government supervision
Decentralization
Some thought the government should break up big businesses in order to stabilize the economy
West Berlin blockade
Soviet Union picked the w. allies railroad and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under allied control america was to force w. powers to allow the soviet zone to start suppling Berlin with fuel, food and aid giving the soviets control over the entire city
Katyn Forest massacre
Soviet security forces carried out executions of thousands of Polish officers. the massacre at Katyn Forest, which was discovered first and was the largest execution of this type
Armistice Terms
Spain recognized Cuba's independence Spain ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. The U.S. would hold Manila while the status of the Philippines was being decided
"Butcher" Weyler
Spanish general in Cuba Put all civilians into concentration camps where thousands died
The slang word for illegal drinking establishments in the 1920s was:
Speakeasies
Hungarian revolt 1956
Spontaneous revolt hungry vs Soviet
Union Pacific
Started at Council Bluffs & built towards west..laid 1,087 miles(Irish)
Central Pacific
Started in Sacramento Cali& built towards east..laid 690 miles(Chinese labors)
President Lincoln referred to the Wade-Davis bill as
State suicide
Legacy of the Vietnam War
Still making the same mistakes
Pullman Strike
Strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in the company town of Pullman, Illinois, on May 11, 1894, by the American Railway Union under Eugene V. Debs; the strike was crushed by court injunctions and federal troops two months later. (page 780)
Pullman strike
Strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company on May 11, 1894, by the American Railway Union, the strike was crushed by court injunctions and federal troops two months later.
What was President Roosevelt's reason for wanting to build the Panama Canal?
Strong navy to protect the U.S. and ships could travel all oceans.
Counterculture
Subculture whose values and norms differ from mainstream society
Reason for the NMD
Subjugation of the Indians was viewed as a precedent for doing the same to other people Turner's "Closing of the Frontier" led many to believe that Americas natural resources were now limited and other sources must be found The panic of 1893 was viewed as a result of overproduction in a limited market America seemed filled with protestors Foreign trade grew in important; possessed colonies would be advantageous
Nihilistic Philosophy
Suggested meaningful aspects of life
Plessy Vs. Ferguson did what?
Supreme court legitimized "separate but equal"
The largest sources of immigration to the West were
Sweden, Norway, Germany, and Ireland.
A major contributor to the Second Industrial Revolution was electrical power.
T
An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist Movement.
T
By 1900, seven railroad groups controlled two thirds of the nation's railroad mileage.
T
By 1900, southern per capita income was only sixty percent of that of the national average.
T
Government intervention was vital to the defeats of the 1892 Homestead strike and the 1894 Pullman strike.
T
In 1880, one out of every six children was working full time.
T
In 1882 and again in 1902, the United States Congress passed laws excluding immigrants from China
T
In 1894 a coalition of white Populists and black Republicans won control of North Carolina, bringing the state into a sort of "second Reconstruction."
T
In 1894, in one of the most decisive shifts in congressional power in American history, the nation's urban working class shifted en masse to the Republican Party, and Republicans gained 117 seats in the House of Representatives.
T
In 1915, the United States Supreme Court invalidated the "grandfather clause" for violating the Fifteenth Amendment.
T
In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.
T
John D. Rockefeller used Cleveland, Ohio, as his initial base of operations.
T
Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.
T
Most Americans who looked to expand America's influence overseas were interested, not in territorial possessions, but in expanded trade.
T
Mother Jones was a devoted speaker and demonstrator for the United Mine Workers and other unions who demanded safer working conditions and restrictions on child labor.
T
One consequence of the bitter attacks on African-Americans' political rights across the South was that, by 1940, 97 percent of adult black Southerners were not registered to vote.
T
Populists in western states endorsed woman suffrage.
T
Segregation was more than a form of racial separation. It was one part of an all-encompassing system of white domination.
T
Southern Democrats persistently raised to the threat of "Negro domination" to justify denying blacks the right to vote.
T
Southern Populists forged notable alliances between black and white farmers. Answer Selected Answer:
T
Terence V. Powderly led the Knights of Labor.
T
The 1890s saw a widespread imposition not only of disfranchisement, but also of segregation in the South.
T
The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign, in part, because of the amount of money spent—William McKinley raised some $10 million, while William Jennings Bryant raised only around $300,000.
T
Tom Watson, who had earlier been a leading figure in forging an interracial Populist coalition had, by the early twentieth century, emerged as a power in Georgia, whipping up prejudice against African-Americans, Catholics, and Jews.
T
Under Samuel Gompers, the American Federation of Labor concentrated on economic gains for workers and avoided involvement in politics.
T
Until the Great Migration of black Americans from the rural South to the urban North during World War I, the vast majority of African-Americans lived in the South.
T
With the exception of some dockworkers' and mine laborers' unions, blacks were excluded from membership in the few unions that existed in the South in the late nineteenth century.
T
Square Deal
T.R. - 3cs - consumer protection, conserve resources, corporation control
the treaty of Versailles and war of guilt clause 1919
T: ended state of war between german and the allied powers W: article 231, separation section of the treaty
Pinchot-Ballinger Affair
Taft appointed Ballinger as secretary of interior. Ballinger removed nearly one million acres from government protection Evidence of corruption was given to Pinchot
Payne-Aldrich Tarriff 1909
Taft wanted to reduce tariff rates, but the Old Conservative party did not allow it Taft was forced to accept tariff and actually raised some of the rates
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft's idea of foreign policy was to expand U.S. investments in other countries
Unable to convict Al Capone for bootlegging of for murder, federal prosecutors finally convicted him for:
Tax evasion
gospel of efficiency
Taylorism- as scientific industrial management came to be known, promised to reduce waste and inefficiency in the workplace
Who said, "Speak softly, and carry a big stick"?
Teddy Roosevelt
Portsmouth Conference
Teddy mediated a settlement for the Russo-Japanese War and won Noble Peace Prize
Great White Fleet
Teddy sent sixteen new US battleship on a world tour to display our naval potential
Trust Buster
Teddy was active in enforcing the antitrust laws against big corporations such as J.P.
New Nationalism
Teddy's new progressive principles Much more radical than those he had advocated as President A strong federal government and President should act as "steward of the public welfare"
Johnson's decisions on March 31, 1968
Television speech announced a partial hold of falling over North Vietnam in proposed peace talks
Progressivism
Tenants: Believed the nation was continuing to grow, advance, and improve; order and stability would be necessary for this to occur; they believed the government was responsible for providing order and stability
T
Terence V. Powderly led the Knights of Labor. (T/F) 776
Johnson's plan of Reconstruction was like Lincoln's, except that it required
That persons who owned property worth $20,000 apply personally to the president for a pardon
Lyndon B. Johnson
The 36th president, democratic, designed great society
The Ghost Dance led to...
The Battle of Wounded Knee.
The many scandals in Harding's administration touched all of the following except
The Bonus Army
Zimmerman Telegram
The German foreign minister suggested to Mexico that it join the upcoming war against America. In return, Mexico would gain its "lost provinces" in the north Message was intercepted and turned over to Wilson
The Roaring Twenties came to an end because of:
The Great Depression.
American Medical Association
The Muckrakers and Progressivists brought along in 1901 hypocritic oath, doctors swear to do everything in their power to save the life of a patient Aimed at insuring high standards in the medical profession
"Bull Moose" Party
The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party (or Bull Moose Party because he was "fit as a bull moose..."). His loss led to the election of Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson, but he gained more third party votes than ever before.
Red Scare
The Russian Revolution and the formation of the International led many Americans to believe the Communists would attempt to take over America The nation began to crusade against radicalism, which sometimes led to violence
Which Act did President Johnson violate to get impeached by Congress.
The Tenure of Office Act
American Expeditionary Force
The U.S. Forces in France joined the fight in the spring of 1917
Philippines
The U.S. Paid Spain $20 million for the islands and the annexation treaty was ratified
Platt Amendment
The U.S. could intervene in Cuba to keep order Cuba must allow the U.S. to establish naval bases there
Panama Canal
The US assisted in winning Panamas independence and signed canal treaty Leased to the U.S. For ten million dollar fee and 250,000 annual Rent Opened in 1914
Advertising industry
The ability to promote and sell products became very important Madison Avenue
Volstead Act
The actual law that little enforced the 18th Amendment
Alfred Thayer Mahan
The apostle of imperialism Suggested having a canal in Central America
Rutherford B. Hayes never had serious chance of a second terms as president due to:
The controversy over his election in 1876.
Which of the following played a significant role in ending Indian military reistance in the West?
The decline of buffalo heads
Which of the following played a significant role in ending Indian military resistance in the West?
The decline of buffalo herds.
Selective Service Act
The draft brought nearly three million men into the army
Détente
The easing strained relationships between soviet Union and US
New Manifest Destiny
The expansion of the 1890s Americas's acquisition of island territories as colonies with usually no view toward admitting them as states
T
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with: a high tarriff: (T/F) 752
T
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with: financial assistance to the transcontinental railroad: (T/F) 752
T
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with: land grants to railroads: (T/F) 752
Wilsons new freedom
The federal government should restore competition in the economy rather than focus on regulating huge monopolies
Keating-Owen Act
The first federal law regulating child labor Struck down by the Supreme Court
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
The first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class. Passed in 1882, worked for ten yrs,1943 were the barriers to Chinese immigration removed.
According to the NewYork Times in 1929. "the feminine right to equal representation in smoking, drinking, swearing, petting, and upsetting the community peace" was established by
The flapper
Dr. James Naismith invented:
The game of basketball
Liberty Bonds
The government raised money to finance the war by getting loans from the American people. Cost was over $32 billion
Youth Culture
The idea that adolescence was a distinct period in a person's life and that growth in social skills was as vital as academics
*most enduring political change of the 1930's
The literature???
The Big Four
The men who met at Versailles on January 18,1919 at the peace conference that ended WWI: Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France; David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States; and Vittorio Orlando, Prime Minister of Italy.
Russian (Communist) Revolution
The overthrow of Tsar Nikolas II by the Bolshevik-led revolution in October 1917; lead by Vladimir Lenin. They pledged to destroy capitalism. It instituted dramatic change in social structure, paving way for USSR. This caused great fear among middle- and upper-class Americans. Socialists and anarchists in the US had been persecuted throughout the war and their problems intensified as fears over communism rose.
Prohibition
The period from 1919 to 1933 when the manufacturing, distribution, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by the 18th Amendment of the Constitution. The 18th Amendment was repealed under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Administration in 1933 during the Great Depression. Widely seen as a failure in this country.
Brinkmanship
The practice of pushing dangerous events to the brink of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome
Pullman, Illinois
The president of the United States used federal troops to end the strike at: 783
The frontier thesis of Fredrick Jackson Turner emphasized
The role of the west in shaping American identity.
Homestead steel strike
The strike, which began on June 29, 1892, culminated in an attempt on Frick's life and was swiftly put down by state militias. The strike marks one of the great setbacks in the emerging industrial-union movement
Georges Clemenceau
The strongly nationalistic prime minister of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war.
In the election of 1888, the central issue was
The tariff
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans.
Boston Police Strike
The year 1919 saw more than 3,6000 strikes With the police on strike, crime in Boston was unrestrained "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime." - Calvin Coolidge
"Hamiltonmeans to achieve Jeffersonian ends" summarize the 1912 views of
Theodore Roosevelt
Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders? Answer Selected Answer:
Theodore Roosevelt
Big-Stick Diplomacy refers to
Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy.
Chinese"volunteers"
They counteracted massive attacks of people with tanks and warplanes
Why did WW1 veterans "march" on Washington in the summer of 1932?
They wanted immediate payment of a pension that Congress had approved in 1924.
The following is true of Anarchists except:
They were led by Karl Marx
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today.
League of Nations
This group was called for in President Wilson's Fourteen Points. Although he was determined to see this group formed, the other European leaders were interested in exacting revenge and gaining reparations from Germany. This proved to make Wilson's job difficult--he had to compromise in order t see his ideas become a reality. One of the first was that conquered territories would not become the property of the conquering nation, but would rather be under the trusteeship of this group.
Roosevelt Corollary
This policy was an attempt to protect Venezuela from European intervention. It states that the United States would come to the aid of any Latin American nation experiencing financial trouble. In essence, the US became the policemen of Latin America through this policy. Under this new reality, the US used force to "protect" this Dominican Republic and Cuba from chaos.
Progressive or Bull Moose Party
This political party was formed by T. Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President W.H. Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
This tragic fire in New York City factory in 1911 killed 146 workers, mostly because emergency exists had been locked
Panic of 1907
This was a rude awakening to those who thought Theodore Roosevelt had solved America's economic problems Theodore Roosevelt did not accept the blame
Great White Fleet
This was the nickname given to the U.S. Navy. Present Roosevelt sent the navy around the world as a show of power so that the Japanese would not think that the United States had given in to the "Gentlesman's Agreement" as a sign of weakness.
The Great War
This was the original name of WWI. President Wilson believed that it was the "war to end all wars."
Who is known as the "Father of R & D"?
Thomas Edison
The "battle of currents" involved
Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse
The "battle of the currents" involved
Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse.
Nativists
Those who were generally hostile to immigration
Cesar Chavez
Tina American civil rights activist who promoted American labor movement for Hispanics
intimidation and violence
To achieve change in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania, the Molly Maguires used: _______ (and) ______ 771
President Wilson sent General Pershing into Mexico
To chase Pancho Villa
After the Civil War, Congress decided the best way to avoid conflicts with Indian tribes was...
To move the Indian to live on out of the way reservations.
The main purpose of the CCC was
To provide work relief for young men.
Ku Klux Klan's Aim..
To stop Black men from voting founded in 1866.
Tripartite Pact
Tokyo govt signed w/ nazi Germany and Italy which each pledged to declare war on any nation that attacked any of them
The Homestead strike:
Took place in Pennsylvania
Andrew Melon
Treasury Secretary who cut taxes in half and reduced the national debt dramatically
A key invention in making western agriculture profitable was the sodbuster plow.
True
A major challenge to European countries was repaying their war debts to the United States.
True
A major contributor to the Second Industrial Revolution was electrical power.
True
A recession occurred in 1937 when FDR ordered sharp cuts in federal expenditures.
True
Abolition of the tariff was, according to many of its critics, one way to attack large corporations
True
African American pilots were trained in a segregated facility at Tuskegee in Alabama.
True
After the election of 1912, the Democrats controlled the presidency and both houses of Congress.
True
After the election of 1912, the Democrats controlled the presidency and both housesof Congress
True
Alfred Thayer Mahan was a leading advocate of American sea power and imperialism.
True
All Indians finally became citizens of the Unites States in 1924
True
American missionaries regarded America's expansion as divinely ordained to convert the heathens and Catholic's top Protestant Christianity
True
American missionaries regarded America's expansion as divinely ordained to convert the heathens and Catholics to Protestant Christianity. A. True B. False
True
American missionaries saw America's expansion as divinely ordained to convert the heathens and Catholics to Protestant Christianity.
True
Between 1870 and 1900, Americans settled more land in the West than had been occupied by all Americans up to 1870.
True
By 1900, seven railroad groups controlled two thirds of the nation's railroad mileage
True
By 1900, seven railroad groups controlled two thirds of the nation's railroad mileage.
True
By 1920, Marcus Garvey believed blacks should flee America for Africa.
True
By the 1870s, the United States led the world in agricultural production.
True
By the end of 1936, the Supreme Court had ruled against New Deal programs in seven out of nine major cases.
True
Civil service reform was a result of the assassination of President James A. Garfield.
True
Countee Cullen and James Weldon Johnson were part of the Harlem Renaissance.
True
During the 1920s, farming became a cooperative business but most farmers struggled to survive.
True
Emilio Aguinaldo at first aided George Dewey against the Spanish in the Philippines.
True
Emilio Aguinaldo at first aided George Dewey against the Spanish in the Philippines. A. True B. False
True
Employees of the Pullman company worked in company houses, where rents were higher than elsewhere, and had to buy most goods from the company store.
True
Eugene V. Debs received 6 percent of the popular vote when he ran for president as a socialist in 1912.
True
Even before the Spanish-American War, the Cubans traded more with the United States than with Spain.
True
Former Secretary of state and presidential candidate, Wiliam Jennings Bryan, was a fundementalists
True
Former secretary of state and presidential contender William Jennings Bryan was a fundamentalist.
True
Franklin Roosevelt's talented pool of advisers was called the "brain trust."
True
From 1880 to 1910, the number of women reported in the workforce increased over threefold.
True
Grover Cleveland advocated laws to regulate the railroads.
True
IN the late nineteenth century, more people moved from rural areas to the cities the from the East to the West
True
In 1880, one out of every six children was working full time
True
In 1880, one out of every six children was working full time.
True
In 1890, 80 percent of New Yorkers were foriegn-born
True
In 1918, the United States sent troops to fight the Bolsheviks in Russia.
True
In 1918, the united States sent troops to fight the Bolsheviks in Russia
True
In 1927, delegates of five nations met and signed a treaty limiting the size of their navies.
True
In southern textile mills, women and children outnumbered men as workers.
True
In the 1880's the Pacific was the major area of US overseas activity
True
In the 1880s, the Pacific was the major area of U.S. overseas activity. A. True B. False
True
In the 1880s, the United States was the only industrialized nation in the world that had no workers' compensation program
True
In the 1890s, American tariff policies on sugar upset the economy of Hawaii. A. True B. False
True
In the 1912 election, Woodrow Wilson defeated Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft because the Republican vote was split.
True
In the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey won a major victory against Spain in the Philippines.
True
In the Spanish-American War, more American armed forces personnel died from disease than in combat.
True
In the Spanish-American War, more American soldiers died from disease than in combat. A. True B. False
True
James Buchanan Duke played a key role in the development of the cigarette industry
True
John D. Rockefeller gave away over $500 million to charities in his lifetime.
True
John D. Rockefeller used Cleveland, Ohio, as his initial base of operations.
True
John Fiske used Darwinian ideas to justify Anglo-Saxon dominance. A. True B. False
True
John Fiske used Darwinism ideas to justify Anglo-Saxon dominance
True
Lincoln's assassination resulted from a conspiracy that targeted him and other key government officials.
True
Middle-class black women established women's clubs to help the aged and infirm in their communities and to combat racism.
True
More people worldwide died in the flu pandemic of 1918-19 than in World War I
True
More people worldwide died in the flu pandemic of 1918-1919 than during World War I.
True
Mother Jones was a devoted speaker and demonstrator for the United Mine Workers and other unions who demanded safer working conditions and restrictions on child labor.
True
On easpect of nativism in the 1920's was fear of recent immigrants who might be Socialists or anarchists
True
One aspect of nativism in the 1920s was fear of recent immigrants who might be Communists or anarchists.
True
One part of the Works Progress Administration was the Federal Writers' Project.
True
Perhaps the most enduring voting change brought by FDR was the shift of the black vote to the Democratic party.
True
President Arthur supported both civil service reform and tariff reform.
True
President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he made the Giant Circle.
True
Probably the decisive reason the United States entered World War I was the issue of submarine warfare
True
Probably the decisive reason the United States entered World War I was the issue of submarine warfare.
True
Progressives supported the use of initiatives and referendums.
True
Prohibition outlawed the consumption of alcoholic drinks.
True
Proponents of literary and artistic change included T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound.
True
Racial violence erupted after the end of the war, with twenty-five riots and over eighty lynchings.
True
Real wages for labor increased between 1921 and 1928.
True
Religion, Christianity or Judaism, was a source of energy for progressive reformers
True
Religion, Christianity or Judaism, was a source of energy for progressive reformers.
True
Religion, either Christianity or Judaism, was a source of energy for progressive reformers.
True
Settlement houses, such as Hull House in Chicago, were community centers designed to help the poor in the urban slums.
True
Sinclair Lewis's Main Street took a negative view of small town values
True
Southern cotton production did not return to prewar levels until 1879
True
Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath depicted "dust bowl" migrations to California.
True
Taft protected more public lands in four years than Roosevelt had in eight.
True
Terence V. Powderly led the Knights of Labor.
True
The "Good Neighbor" policy applied to Latin America.
True
The 1912 election was significant because it brought southerners back into influential positions in national affairs.
True
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) of 1933 tried to help farmers by getting them to reduce production.
True
The American Federation of Labor was an organization of craft unions.
True
The Bourbons started the convict-leasing system to save money for the government.
True
The Catholic, "wet" candidate for president in 1928 was Alfred E. Smith, a Democrat.
True
The Dawes Act was passed by reformers who attempted to dismantle the Native American tribes.
True
The Democratic party appealed to southern white voters.
True
The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal experiment in social welfare
True
The Ghost Dance was a new religion, begun by the Paiute Wovoka, that swept the Plains and scared the American authorities.
True
The Grange was an organization of farmers who became politicized because of their poor economic condition, which they blamed on the high rates charged by the railroads and big business.
True
The Hawaiian Revolution was encouraged by American planters for economic reasons.
True
The Ku Klux Klan was directed against blacks, Jews, and Catholics.
True
The Morrill Act granted each state land grants to establish colleges promoting agricultural and mechanical education
True
The Ohio gang exploited government for their own personal benefit.
True
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation loaned money to banks, railroads, and life insurance companies, but not directly to individuals in need.
True
The Sixteenth Amendment authorized an income tax.
True
The Teller Amendment denied interest in annexing Cuba.
True
The Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution brought an end to Prohibition.
True
The Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 sought to lower consumer prices and restore competition by lowering import duties.
True
The United States built the Panama Canal on land that had previously belonged to Colombia.
True
The United States built the Panama Canal on land that had previously belonged to Colombia. A. True B. False
True
The United States built the Panama Canal on land that had previously belonged to Columbia
True
The Wagner Act, passed in 1935, gave workers the right to organize and bargain in unions.
True
The War Industries Board was the most important agency mobilizing the nation for war
True
The War Industries Board was the most important agency mobilizing the nation for war.
True
The Women's Christian Temperance Union emerged from the concern felt by Protestant church women about the excessive drinking of the urban poor.
True
The Women's Christian Temperance Union wanted to do more than close the saloons, and advocated for the women's right to vote and the banishment of child labor
True
The Women's Christian Temperance Union wanted to do more than close the saloons, and it also advocated for women's right to vote and the banishment of child labor.
True
The XIT was the first ranch to use barbed wire
True
The center of the black community was the black church
True
The center of the black community was the black church.
True
The first regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created in 1887.
True
The great migration of African Americans from the South to the cities of the North continued into the 1930's
True
The great migration of African Americans from the South to the cities of the North continued into the 1930s.
True
The high tariff hurt farmers by limiting their export markets
True
The high tariff hurt farmers by limiting their export markets.
True
The most important progressive reform that democratized government was the direct primary.
True
The sensationalist approach of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer's newspapers came to be called "yellow journalism." A. True B. False
True
The southern crop-lien system encouraged the growing of cotton
True
The southern crop-lien system encouraged the growing of cotton.
True
The term Jim Crow was rooted in a minstrel show by Daddy Rice
True
Under Samuel Gompers, the American Federation of Labor concentrated on economic gains for workers and avoided involvement in politics.
True
Under the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States assumed the right to intervene in Latin America.
True
Utah only entered the Union after the Mormons abandoned the practice of polygamy.
True
Utah only entered the union after the Mormons abandoned the practice of polygamy
True
V-E day was celebrated before the fall of Japan, in May 1945.
True
Violence errupted at the Homestead strike when Henry Frick brought in pinkertons was to break up the strike
True
When the Germans sued for peace, they wanted the negotiations to focus around the Fourteen Points.
True
Wilson jeopardized the success of his peace plans by losing touch with political developments at home when he attended the peace conference in Paris and was away for six months.
True
Wilson's decision to attend the Paris Peace Conference was a political blunder in the eyes of many Americans.
True
With the Fourteen Points, Wilson hoped to keep Russia in the war and to create disunity between the people and the governments of the Central Powers.
True
With the future uncertain, the birthrate plummeted during the Depression.
True
Which Amendment ended Prohibition?
Twenty-First
Farmers' Alliance
Two separate organizations (Northwestern and Southern) of the 1880s and 1890s that took the place of the Grange, worked for similar causes, and attracted landless, as well as landed, farmers to their membership.
Commission
Type of city government in which a board of elected commissioners run the city
Dolphin Incident
U.S. Sailors from the Dolphin were arrested in Tampico They were quickly released but the apology was found insufficient Naval forces were sent to Vera Cruz and seized the city
William C Westmorland
US Army general, adopted strategy of attrition
Christmas Bombings 1972
US against North Vietnam, heavy bomber strikes
Rolling thunder
US bombing campaign against Vietnam, most intense battle
French/Germany
US enters April 1917
april 6 1917
US enters WWI (war for neutral rights)
war industries board
US gov agency, helped coordinate the purchase of was supplies. Bernard Baruch
Iwo Jima (1945)
US marines landed feb 19, 1945, was a base for fighter planes escorting bombers over Japan, took 6 weeks to secure land, Japanese defenders fought to death rather than surrender
"in God we trust"
US official motto, Eisenhower made the statement and made it mandatory to add it to all coins and currency and it was also added to the pledge
containment
US policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad
Five-Power Naval Treaty of 1922
US, Britain, Japan, France, Italy- limited size of navy's, 1st disarmament treaty in history- only limited capital ships (battleships and aircraft)
Triple Alliance
United Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy as one of two major powers in Europe that were organized in 1914.
Lincoln Steffens
United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936)
War on poverty
Unofficial name for legislation-response to the national poverty rate, lead to economic opportunity act
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of conflict between:
Urban, modern America and rural, traditional America.
New frontier
Used by Kennedy to inspire Americans to support him, hope for the future
Balance of terror
Used in reference to the nuclear arms race between US and Soviet Union during the Cold War, describes peace between the 2 countries as a result of both gov being terrified at the prospect of a world destroying nuclear war
My lai massacre
Vietnam war mass murder, no shocking episode of Vietnam war
Ho Chi Minh
Vietnamese communist leader, pres., people's Army a Vietnam
Nixon's trip to Communist China
Visit ended 25 years separation between the two sides
Peace corps
Volunteer program run by US government helps people outside of the US to understand American culture
Direct Primary
Voters and not the political machines chose the candidates
Berlin Airlift
W. Allies organized this to carry supplies to people in w. Berlin
A program of "ceaseless agitation" for blacks was advocated by
W. E. B. Du Bois.
A program of "cease agitation" for blacks demanding their rights was proposed by
W. E. B. DuBois
A program of "ceaseless agitation'' for blacks demanding their rights was proposed by
W.E.B. Du Bois.
One of the founders of the NAACP was
W.E.B. DuBois
William A Whyte Junior,the organization man 1956
W: journalist and people watcher book:about management
The New Deal program that hired men for major construction projects was the:
WPA
Spanish-American War 1898
War declared on April 25, 1898 Armistice in August 12, 1898 460 American battle deaths 5,200 died to disease
"I have no trouble with my enemies, I can take care of my enemies all right. But my damn friends . . . They're the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!" said
Warren G. Harding
"I have no trouble with my enemies, I can take care of my enemies all right. But my damn friends . . . They're the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!" said
Warren G. Harding.
Montgomery bus boycott
Was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on public transit system of the Montgomery Alabama
The first transcontinental railroad
Was built by the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads.
The first regulatory agency in the federal government
Was created to regulate railroads.
The state of the nation in 1968
Was in shambles
Big Foot
Was killed at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
Big Foot....
Was killed at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
Harold Edward "Red" Grange
Was nicknamed the "Galloping Ghost"
Charles E. Coughlin:
Was the "radio priest"
The WPA was often criticized as
We piddle around.
Warren G. Harding
Weak and ineffective leader Let others of doubtful integrity run the show Died suddenly in 1923
In 1940, Roosevelt ran for president against
Wendell L. Willkie.
Before 1917, states adopting universal women's suffrage were in the
West.
"wets" and "drys"
Wets-for prohibition Drys-against prohibition
Progressive Party
When Taft won the republican nomination in 1912, Teddy and his supporters left the GOP and formed their own party nicknamed the "Bull moose" Party, ran a distant second to Wilson in the election, but far ahead of taft
Social Darwinism
William G. Sumner- professor of economics
Herbert Spencer's disciple who popularized social Darwinism in America was
William Graham Sumner.
The chief justice of the Supreme Court appointed by President Harding was
William Howard Taft
The chief justice of the Supreme Court appointed by President Harding was
William Howard Taft.
Who was the founder of the Modern KKK?
William J. Simmons
pragmatism
William James founded this philosophy in the early 1900s. Pragmatists believed that ideas gained their validity from their social consequences and practical application.
During the election of 1896, which one of the following said, "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns"?
William Jennings Bryan
"You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns," said
William Jennings Bryan.
A leading opponent of American imperialism was Answer Selected Answer:
William Jennings Bryan.
The congressman from Nebraska who was the Democratic Party nominee for president in 1896, and who called for the "free coinage" of silver was: Answer Selected Answer:
William Jennings Bryan.
Popular teacher and lecture on moral & biblical subjects..4 volumes
William McGuffey
The Spanish-American War occurred during the presidency of A. Benjamin Harrison. B. Theodore Roosevelt. C. William McKinley. D. Grover Cleveland.
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt became president as a result of the death of
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt became president as a result of the death of A. Grover Cleveland. B. James A. Garfield. C. Woodrow Wilson. D. William McKinley.
William McKinley
The Spanish-American War occurred during the presidency of
William McKinley.
Theodore Roosevelt became president as a result of the death of
William McKinley.
The Spanish-American War occured during the presidency of
William Mckinley
Main characters of Paris Peace Treaty Conference
Wilson (U.S), Lloyd-George (Great Britain), Orlando (Italy), Clemenseau (France)
1918 Off-year Elections
Wilson antagonized many Americans when he seemed to imply that voting Republican would be expressing disloyalty Due to domestic problems, Republicans obtained majorities in both Houses of Congress
Pancho Villa
Wilson had supported Willa to become leader of Mexico, then changed his mind. To avenge betrayal, Villa captured and executed 16 Americans in Mexico then raided New Mexico killing 19 more
Virginia Islands
Wilson purchased the former Danish West Indies in 1917 to keep Germany from getting them
Treaty of Versailles
Wilson returned to America bearing fruits of the Paris Conference but the Senate refused to ratify it
peace without victory
Wilson said no one would win
Election of 1920
Wilson wanted this election to be a referendum on the League of Nations The people responded by electing Harding, the Republican candidate; Harding offered "normalcy"
strict accountability
Wilson warned Germany that they would be held accountable for any distraction of American lives and property
"He kept us out of war"
Wilson's campaign slogan for the election of 1916
Fourteen Points
Wilson's plan for peace was called the Fourteen Points, as it had fourteen goals or conditions. Europeans didn't agree with the plan, which favored a war without a victor, and Europe wanted to severely punish Germany. The plan was designed to prevent further diplomatic problems from starting another war. Some of the major parts of the plan was an end to secrecy and secret alliances, freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms, as well as peaceful settlements of disputes over colonies. Wilson also supported self-determination and a league of nations.
Fourteen Points
Wilson's war aims and plans for the future peace. Major principles: the right of all peoples to self determination, principles to govern future international conduct, a league of nations to implement the new principles and settle the new disputes
19th amendment
Women gain the right to vote
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one.
Causes of Economic Boom
World War 1 Wrecked Europe and left the U.S the top industrial power; expansion in other technology and the industrial expansion made it possible; expansion in one industry meant expansion in others; advances in radio, aviation, and electronics, home appliances; invention of new plastics and synthetic fibers; improved methods of management, production, and transportation
General John G. Pershing (Black Jack)
World War I was under the command of this General who had only recently led the unsuccessful American pursuit of Pancho Villa, the American Expeditionary Force
The last gasp of the Indian wars came at the so-called "battle" of
Wounded Knee.
The Ghost Dance movement was created by
Wovoka
The Ghost Dance movement was created by...
Wovoka
Ernest Hemingway
Wrote The Sun Also Rises
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Wrote the Side of Paradise
William Graham Sumner:
Wrote the book Social Darwinism
Standard Oil Company
____ ____ ____John D. Rockefeller found this company in 1870, which grew to monopolize 90 to 95 percent of all the oil refineries in the country. It was also a 'vertical monopoly” in that the company controlled all aspects of production and the services it needed to conduct business. For example, _____ _____produced their own oil barrels and cans as well as owned their own pipelines, railroad tank cars, and oil-storage facilities. (page 762)
Jay Gould
____ _____ As one of the biggest railroad robber barons, he was infamous for buying rundown railroads, making cosmetic improvements and then reselling them for a profit. He used corporate funds for personal investments and to bribe politicians and judges. (page 759)
Sears and Roebuck Company
_____ (and) _____ _____ By the end of the nineteenth century, this company dominated the mail-order industry and helped create a truly national market. Its mail-order catalog and low prices allowed people living in rural areas and small towns to buy products that were previously too expensive or available only to city dwellers. (page 768)
The implications of social Darwinism included
a belief in the progress of human societies.
"Rosie the Riveter"
a cultural icon of the US representing the American women who worked in factories during WWII, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies.
The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer:
a decentralization over the control of currency.
One effect of Urban sanitary reforms was
a decline in diseases such as typhoid fever
Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion? Answer Selected Answer:
a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
"Red Scare"
a fear of communism swept the country
Which of the following was not a factor behind the spread of segregation and disfranchisement laws in the South? Answer Selected Answer:
a growing insistence by blacks that whites simply leave them alone
De Lome letter
a letter from the spanish ambassador, letter was stolen from post office by cuban spy, de lome called president mckinley "weak and a bidder for the administration of the crowd"
quota system
a limit on how many immigrants from each country could enter the U.S. each year
Joseph McCoy
a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene, Kansas, as the first successful cowtown
One major development that was key to the Second Industrial Revolution was the development of
a national transportation network.
The New South's creed was not
a pessimistic, defeatist view of the South's future
The New South's creed was not
a pessimistic, defeatist view of the South's future.
The "subtreasury plan" was: Answer Selected Answer:
a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
The United States entered the war with Spain largely because of
a public aroused by the yellow press.
Which was not one of the devices used by Southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage? Answer Selected Answer:
a religious test
great depression
a severe economic crisis that started in the late 1920's . farm income dropped throughout the 1920's. many small banks suffered when farmers defaulted on their loans. some large banks collapsed after suffering huge losses from the stock market crash .
Nagasaki (August 9, 1945)
a shipping center, atomic bomb dropped here, after Japanese emperor urged his cabinet to surrender Aug 14, 1945
"Happy Days Are Here Again"
a song made bc roosevelt was always photographed smiling, campaign song
The Court-packing scheme of 1937 was all of the following except
a successful attempt to gain popularity among progressives
One result of the Bonus Expeditionary Force's march to Washington was
a violent clash between the army and unarmed veterans of the Great War.
trumans executive order of 1948
abolished racial discrimination in US armed forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services
The "new imperialism" of the 1890s especially stressed A. access to new markets. B. converting heathens to Christianity. C. annexing territory to the United States. D. military conquests of other nations.
access to new markets
Washington Armaments Conference of 1921
achieved naval disarmament, and the open door policy was promised to be followed, soviet union and Germany were excluded
William H. Seward
acquired Alaska for the United States
Arguments of the anti imperialist
acquisition of the Philippines would corrupt the american principle, would be impossible to defend a foregin power such as japan attacked. anti imperialist liked the treaty of paris, they didn't want to take the Philippines
federal reserve act 1913
act of congress that created and set up the federal reserve system, central banking system of US
Populist/People's party
active until 1912, it advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators.
ku klux klan
advocated extreme reactionary currents (white power)
By the 1890's, middle-sized famres
advocated the free coinage of silver
Jones act 1917
affirmed american intention to grant the philippeans independence on an unspecified date
Nine-Power Treaty of 1922
affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as per the Open Door Policy.
national park service
agency in US fed gov that manages US national parks
During the Progressive Era, the U.S. Supreme Court
agreed to a ten-hour workday for men and women
During the Progressive Era, the U.S. Supreme Court
agreed to a ten-hour workday for men and women.
weakest sector in the economy of the 1920's
agriculture
One segment of the economy that never recovered after the Great War was
agriculture.
Tennessee Valley Authority,
aimed to control flooding and promote conservation while generating electricity for rural areas in the south
committee on public information
aka CPI or creed committee, created to influence US public opinion regarding American participation in WWI, created enthusiasm for the war effort
bull moose party 1912
aka progressive party formed by president Roosevelt
Albert Einstein
alerted Roosevelt to German research on nuclear fission
Among the reasons why the 1912 election is significant is that
all of the above
Germany took priority in the fighting because
all of the above
In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan
all of the above
Organized labor in the 1920s was weakened by
all of the above
Prohibition
all of the above
The Harding administration tried to overturn progressive reforms by
all of the above
The National Industrial Recovery Act provided for
all of the above
The Revenue Act of 1916
all of the above
The Tennessee Valley Authority
all of the above
The wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts
all of the above
The wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts
all of these
The Teapot Dome scandal involved
all oil deposit in Wyoming
By 1890, small farmers in the West
all the above
The Haymarket incident involved
all the above
selective service act of 1917
allowed Wilson to draft men for war, authorized federal gov to raise a national army for WWI through conscription
Neutrality Act of 1937
allowed the president to required that goods other than arms or munitions exported to warring nations be sold on a cash-and-carry basis
16th ammendment
allows congress to levy income tax
Battle of Santiago bay 1898
american asiatic squadron destroyed the spanish pacific squadron, major engagement of the spanish american war, marks the end of the spanish colonial period, we took purito rico and phillipeans- war was over
Joseph R McCarthy
american politician, US senator, noted for making claims that there were large numbers of communists and soviet spies inside of the US fed gov
William Levitt
american real estate developer, father of modern american suburbia; popularized planned communities
hyphenated americans
americans who were foreign birth or orgin and who displayed an allegiance to a foreign country
Marsden Hartley
an American Artist who reported from paris in 1912 on the "new psychologists" like Sigmund Freud
The Maine probably blew up as a result of
an accident
The Maine probably blew up as a result of A. Cuban terrorists. B. an accident. C. Spanish sabotage. D. a devastating hurricane.
an accident
The latest evidence suggests the sinking of the Maine was caused by
an accidental explosion and fire on the ship.
communism
an economic and political system that supports government control over property to create equality
John Dewey
an important philosopher of pragmatism, preferred to use the term instrumentalism, because he saw ideas as instruments of action.
The Radical Republicans argued that control of the southern states was
an issue for Congress to deal with, not the president
Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchists who were arrested for robbery and murder in Massachusetts. Their execution was based on a fear of foreigners
Boxer rebellion
anti foreign, anti Christian movement in china
franz ferdinand
archduke of Austria, his assassination helped to start WWI
war bonds
are debt securities issued by a govt to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. They also remove money from circulation and thus also help to control inflation.
At the conference in Casablanca, Churchill and Roosevelt decided to
assault Sicily and Italy.
The impulse for reform in the Progressive Era began
at the local level in the 1880s.
The Ku Klux Klan
attacked blacks, Jews, and Roman Catholics
Helen Hunt Jackson
author of A Century of Dishonor
Calvin Coolidge
became president when harding dies, Silent Cal
eugenics movement
belief and practicing of improving the genetic authenticity of the human population (evolve better human beings)
Jane Addams, William James, and Andrew Carnegie all
belonged to the Anit-Imperialist League
Jane Addams, William James, and Andrew Carnegie all A. signed a petition supporting the annexation of Cuba. B. called for President McKinley's resignation. C. advocated invading Spain after Cuba was defeated. D. belonged to the Anti-Imperialist League.
belonged to the Anti-Imperialist League
Treaty of Paris 1898
between the US and spain, ended the war between them, granted cuba independence, status of Philippines remained unresolved
Margaret sanger
birth control activist, opened the 1st birth control clinic, planned patenthood
"revisionist" view of the cold war
blame the US, and say that Truman was the culprit
The decisions made at the Yalta Conference did not include agreement that
both the Soviet Union and the United States would reduce their armaments by half after the war ended.
"New Deal"
break foolish relations, promising to cut taxes and balance budget and launch numerous expensive innovations to provide people w/ work and security
In the case against the Northern Securities Company, Theodore Roosevelt sought to
break up a major railroad company
In the case against the Northern Securities Company, Theodore Roosevelt sought to
break up a major railroad company.
Lusitania incident 1915
british boats; worlds biggest ship, sunk by german u-boat
Seward folly
buying of the Alaskan "icebox", biggest bargain since Louisiana purchase
The Women's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization: Answer Selected Answer:
calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.
Model T
came out in 1908 @ $850, 1st motor car by H. Ford
George Dewey
captured Manila Bay
"Yellow journalism" was the term applied to the popular newspapers that
carried sensational stories about events in Cuba.
New War materials
chemical warfare: mustard gas, flame throwers, tanks, submarines, dreadnoughts, grenades, big guns, machine guns, u-boats
Teheran Conference (1943)
churchill and roosevelt 1st joint meeting w/ stalin, planned invasion of France and Russian offensive across eastern Europe, Stalin took back his promise to enter war against Japan
38th parallel
circle of latitude in N hemisphere used as a pre-Korean war boundary between the north and south
urban sprawl
cities expanding in all directions
Charles Dudley Warner
co-wrote The Gilded Age
Yellow peril
color metaphor for race, reguarding skin color of East Asians, term coined by kaiser Wilhelm
One segment of the economy that never recovered after the Great War was
communications
Socail Gospel encouraged
community services and helping the poor
The 1920s could best be described as a decade of
conflict
iron curtain
conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into 2 separate areas from the end of WWII until the end of the cold war
Under President Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot directed programs related to the
conservation of natural resources.
J. Pierpont Morgan
consolidated the steel industry into the United States Steel Corporation
Conservative southern Democrats influenced Roosevelt because they A. controlled Congress. B. had opposed his election. C. supported massive spending to aid the unemployed. D. all of the above
controlled Congress
Conservative southern Democrats influenced Roosevelt because they
controlled Congress.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
created economic fiasco, it prompted other countries to ship their goods away from the US and put tariffs on american goods coming into their ports making if more difficult to ship products abroad
The Civilian Conservation Corps
created jobs for unemployed men aged eighteen to twenty-five.
Sears, Roebuck and Company became the nation's largest retailer by
creating a national market. selling directly to the consumer at low prices. distributing goods through the mail. all of the above
W. E. B. Du Bois
criticized Booker T. Washington's views on civil rights, advocated "ceaseless agitation" for civil rights and the immediate end to segregation and an enforcement of laws to protect civil rights and equality.promoted education for Africans that would nurture bold leaders who were willing to challenge discrimination in politics.
Teller ammendment
crusade to free cuba, disclaimed any intention of the US eventually taking control of cuba
harlem renaissance
cultural movement
Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon
cut taxes on the wealthy.
Put the following events in the correct chronological order.
de Lôme letter, sinking of the Maine, Teller Amendment, battles around Santiago
Which chronology is correct? A. sinking of the Maine, de Lôme letter, Teller Amendment, battles around Santiago B. de Lôme letter, sinking of the Maine, Teller Amendment, battles around Santiago C. de Lôme letter, battles around Santiago, sinking of the Maine, Teller Amendment D. sinking of the Maine, de Lôme letter, battles around Santiago, Teller Amendment
de Lôme letter, sinking of the Maine, Teller Amendment, battles around Santiago
Among other items, the Atlantic Charter of 1941
declared British-American war aims.
After World War I, the Senate
defeated the Treaty of Versailles.
Clarence Darrow
defended the teaching of evolution in the Scopes Trial
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act attempted to regulate trusts by
defining unfair competition
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act attempted to regulate trusts by
defining unfair competition.
William Jennings Bryan
delivered the pro-silver "cross of gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic Convention and won his party's nomination for president.
Potsdam Declaration
demanded that japan surrender or face utter destruction
Franklin D. Roosevelt
democrat, aristocrat, traditionalist, assistant secretary of navy, elected 4 times (12 yrs) 1933-1945, had polio couldn't walk
The frontier thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner emphasized the
democratic values found on the frontier.
Ida B. Wells
denied a seat on a railroad car because she was black, she became the first African American to file a suit against such discrimination. demanded that blacks have their voting rights restored and crusaded against lynching. In 1909, she helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
The Teller Amendment
denied the intention to take Cuba
The Teller Amendment A. justified the sinking of the Maine. B. declared that Puerto Rico and Hawaii were U.S. possessions. C. denied the intention to take Cuba. D. laid claim to an isthmian canal route.
denied the intention to take Cuba
direct primary
describes a system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person they desire to see elected
Zimmerman note
diplomatic proposal from german empire for mex to join central powers in the event of the US entering WWI
17th amendment (1913)
direct election of US sen. by popular vote
17th amendment
direct election of senators
J. Robert Oppenheimer
directed construction of atomic bombs
War Production Board
directed the conversion of industrial manufacturing to war production
One characteristic of Wilson's progressivism was
discrimination against blacks and increasing segregation.
reasons to intervene in foreign affairs
dollars diplomacy, economic intervention, moral intervention
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
doubled the amount of silver the government purchased
McNary-Haugenism sought to solve the problems of agriculture by
dumping surpluses on the world market
McNary-Haugenism sought to solve the problems of agriculture by
dumping surpluses on the world market.
American arguments for acquiring foreign terrorties
eaiser access to vital raw materials. mixture of moral and religious; dealism- popular assumptions of racial superiority
installment plan
easy way to borrow money to buy goods
Grover Cleveland
elected to two nonconsecutive terms as president
Theodore Roosevelt
elected vice president in 1900
Twenty-first Amendment (1933)
ending the experiment of prohibition
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
established concept of minimum wage- started at .25 cents/hour, unions benefit
Which of the following was not a grievance of the Farmers Alliance and the Populists? Answer Selected Answer:
excessive power of the labor unions
Passed in 1906, the Hepburn Act
expanded the ICC's power over railroad rates
Passed in 1906, the Hepburn Act
expanded the interstate Commerce Commission's power over railroad rates
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle
exposed horrific food prep. conditions
sedition act of 1918
extended the espionage act, intended to prohibit interpretation, military operations/recruitment to prevent insubordination in the military
Alfred T. Mahan was the key leader of the anti-imperialist movement that tried to prevent U.S. annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines
false
As president, Roosevelt contended that big business or trusts were an unnatural occurrence in the economy and that the federal government had the obligation to "bust" them down to a more natural size
false
Because of the lack of private schools available, the South led the nation in the establishment of tax-supported public schools for all children
false
By 1895, almost all the population of Hawaii's main islands was of European ancestry
false
By February 1861, eleven southern states had withdrawn from the Union
false
By the 1890s more women were employed in the factories than as domestic workers
false
Chinese "spheres of influence" referred to those Pacific islands, including Samoa, where the U.S. had interests that were dominated by the Chinese navy
false
Darwinism was opposed by al organized Christian religious groups
false
Emilio Aguinaldo was the principal leader of Cuban nationalists until he died in a detention camp prior to American intervention
false
European immigrants to the U.S., especially 2nd and 3rd generation individuals, staunchly resisted assimilation into the dominant culture
false
Grover Cleveland refused to use federal troops in labor conflicts because he regarded such incidents as state matters
false
Hundreds and thousands of European immigrants got their first taste of America as they were processed by customs at Coney Island in New York Harbor
false
In 1916, Woodrow Wilson again defeated "Bull Moose" Roosevelt for president.
false
In general, railroads, moving companies, and industrial employers tried to discourage the immigration of workers from workers
false
In his debates with Douglas, Lincoln stated his belief in racial equality
false
In the Gilded Age and the early 20th century, baseball was more important as a college and university sport, and football was mainly played by professionals
false
In the developing economy of the late 19th century the majority of business tycoons personified the "rags to riches" rise to wealth and power
false
In the period between the tim ehe left the White House and the election of 1912, Roosevelt drifted away from progressivism and became more and more conservative in his approach to national policy issues
false
James Buchanan's great experience in public service helped him become one of the most successful presidents
false
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph hearst, alone among prominent American publishers, disdained the sensationalistic reporting of the Cuban revolution of the 1890s as a practiced by the nation's "yellow press"
false
Minstrel shows laid the foundation for the emergence of serious symphony orchestras in the early 20th century
false
Roosevelt and William Howard Taft had been long time rivals in the Republician Party before Taft became Roosevelt's vice president
false
Roosevelt blamed the Panic of 1907 on bankers and financiers and refused to cooperate with them in any efforts to revive the economy
false
Roosevelt opposed the Pure food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection act because they interfered with the laissez-faire rights of business
false
Stephen Douglas was one of the most extreme pro-slavery and states' rights advocates in the Democratic Party
false
The American Federation of Labor stressed the idea of "one big union" for all workers while the Knights of Labor was a coalition of individual craft unions
false
The American attack on the Spanish fleet at Manila resulted in the most difficult and bloodiest engagement of the Spanish-American War
false
The Federal Reserve Act made individual bank fakers less likely but had life effect on the nation's basic circulating currency
false
The Free-Soil Party opposed the Wilmot Proviso
false
The Republican Party in 1860 promised to end slavery in the southern states
false
The Spanish_American War was called the "splendid little war" because almost everything went smoothly and efficently
false
The U.S. fought a brief naval war with England over the dispute concerning the border of Venezuela
false
The largest group encounter of the Spanish-American War actually occurred in the Dominican Republic
false
The main trade commodity between the U.S. and Cuba was cotton
false
The proposed Lecompton Constitution would make Kansas a free state
false
The rapid industrial expansion of this period was accompanied by a work ethic that downplayed the importance of leisure as compared to the antebellum period
false
The theory of Social Darwinism argues that great concentrations of wealth in the late 19th century violated the principles of evolution and that a great economic collapse was inevitable
false
The urban park movement, exemplified b Central Park in New York City, emulated formal European garden design concepts
false
The working class made greater income and lifestyle gains in the late 19th century than did the middle class
false
Theodore Roosevelt was a leader in the domestic opposition to the Spanish-American War
false
Urban black males in the north in the late 19th century usually held skilled industrial jobs in factories
false
When Puerto Rico was declared to be a U.S. territory and its residents were granted U.S. citizenship, all agitation for statehood or independence ended
false
William Randolph Hearst was the founder of the "reform" movement with Judaism
false
With very few exceptions, in the period from 1870 to 1910 women were prohibited from working in factories
false
Worker frustration with the problems of monopoly led to the formation of the Socialist Labor Party, which became a major force in the 19th century politics even though it never elected a President
false
In 1921 and 1924, Congress passed immigration laws that
favored immigrants from northern and western Europe
Xenophobia
fear of foreigners
Opponents of the preparedness movement before World War I
feared the creation of a large standing army
Opponents of the preparedness movement before World War I
feared the creation of a large standing army.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
federal assistance for unemployed
national defense act of 1916
federal law that updated the organization of military
The federal government contributed to the expansion of business with
financial assistance to the transcontinental railroad. a high tariff. land grants to railroads. all of the above
Dr. Frances Perkins
first female cabinet member in the nation's history appointed by President F. D. Roosevelt as the Secretary of Labor
US navy role in WWI
focused on countering enemy U-boats in the atlantic ocean
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) sought to solve racial problems by
focusing on legal challenges to discrimination.
atomic energy commission
foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology
Booker T. Washington
founded college for African Americans and become the 1st black educator in America by 1890s.believed that the African community should establish an economic base for its advancement before striving for social equality.
Knights of Labor
founded in 1869, the first national union picked up many members after the disastrous 1877 railroad strike
Standard oil Company of Ohio
founded in 1970, grew to monopolize 90-95% of all oil refineries. it was a vertical monopoly-which ment he cut out the middle man
John D. Rockefeller
founded standard oil
John D Rockerfeller
founded standard oil, created a vast empire.
James Buchanan Duke
founded the American Tobacco Company
Oliver H. Kelley
founded the Grange
Marcus Garvey
founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association
William James
founder of Pragmatism and one of the fathers of modern psychology.
In the trial of John T. Scopes in 1925,
fundamentalists won the conviction of Scopes.
central intelligence agency
gathering info about foreigngal, analyzing that info and carrying out/ overseeing cover and activities
Hepburn act
gave innerstate commerce commission the power to set max railroad rates and extend its jurisdiction, led to discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
gave loans to businesses and banks to keep them open and keep unemployment down, federal key agancy through the mid 1940s
War Powers Act of 1941
gave the president authority to reorganize and create govt agencies to regulate business and industry and censor mail and other forms of communication
john j pershing
general offices in the US army; had highest rank ever in US army
rock n roll
genre of popular music
albert Einstein
german born physicist E=mc2, anantum theory, theory of relativity
Social Security Act of 1935
german idea, old age retirement 15%, get money when 65 yr old "welfare state"
werner heisenberg
german physicist, auantam mechanics, uncertainty principle, photons
"wolf packs"
german submarines in North atlantic
14 points
given by president Wilson. declared that WWI was being bought for a moral cause and causing for post war peace in europe
clayton antitrust act 1914
goal of adding further substance to the US antitrust law regime
contraband goods
goods which are illegal to possess/ trade
Splendid little war
gorilla warfare/ between spain and US- spanish american war
Teapot Dome
govt owned oil field in Wyoming. secretary of interior (fall) signed contracts w/ people who wanted access to the oil field ($400 thou in brides)
Operation "Overlord"
greatest invasion, Eisenhower planned the daring assault on hitlers atlantic wall- a series of fortifications and mines along the french coastline, succeeded bc we surprised Germany
The first national labor unions
grew in numbers during the Civil War.
Bonus Army
group of WWI veterans who marched to Washington DC in 1932 to demand early pensions
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
guaranteed bank deposits of up to $5,000
Andrew Carnegie
he believed that the general public benefited from big businesses. hoped to promote social welfare and world peace
Around 1916, Wilson renewed his support for progressive reforms because
he needed to build a coalition for reelection.
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
he was a socialist who wrote the grapes of wrath movie about the depression, traveled with the okies to Cali
A. Philip Randolph
headed Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Dwight D. Eisenhower
headed Operation Overlord
George Creel
headed the Committee on Public Information
Bernard Baruch
headed the War Industries Board
monkey trail
highschool teacher accused of violating tennorsees butieract= made it unlawful to teach human evolution in a state funded school
Federal Radio Commission
hoover established this
Yalta Conference (1945)
hosted by soviets, brought big 3 allied leaders together, they discussed the shape of the postwar world, promised to sponsor free elections, democratic governments and constitutional safeguards from freedom throughout liberated Europe
Woodrow Wilson
implemented the New Freedom program
Alfred Thayer Mahan is best known for his writings about the A. dangers of annexing the Philippines. B. importance of sea power. C. irrelevance of an isthmian canal. D. sinking of the Maine.
importance of sea power
Modernism included
impressionism in art and Freudianism in psychology.
Second New Deal
in 1925 president roosevelt launched a new set of programs and reforms which were called this.
Amelia Earhart
in 1932 became 1st women to fly solo across atlantic ocean, on flight around the world she disappeared and was never found
"arsenal of democracy"
in World War II was a slogan used by U.S. President FDR, He promised to help the UK fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting.
Women's suffrage gained important vivtories in the late 1800s
in the West
The Gastonia strike occurred
in the southern textile industry
William Jennings Bryan resigned as a secretary of state
in the uproar after the sinking of the Luisitania
William Jennings Bryan resigned as secretary of state
in the uproar after the sinking of the Lusitania.
The seventeenth Amendment
inagurated popular election of senators
The Seventeenth Amendment
inaugurated popular election of senators
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act
increased the amount of silver the government purchased.
federal trade commission 1914
independent agency of US gov promotion of consumer protection and elimination and prevention of anti competitive business practices
In Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
individual states could not regulate railroad rates.
Herbert Croly
influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
John D. Rockefeller stands out among business leaders because of his
innovative organization called vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller stands out among business leaders because of his
innovative organization called vertical integration.
food administration
insures the safety of food sold/ distributed to the population
Combining all of the elements of an industry from raw materials to finished product, even including distribution and sales, is called
integration
mutual defense treaties
internal agreement obligating the signatures to come to each others defense in circumstances laid out in terms of the treaty
To achieve change in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania, the Molly Maguires used
intimidation and violence.
In the 1890's, Dr. James Naismith
invented basketball
Thomas Edison
invented the phonograph
Stimson Doctrine
is a policy of the United States federal government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932, to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force.
Keynesian economics
is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy).
America First Committee
isolationists(mostly republicans) formed this group, they were against the entry into WWII
impact of the Second New Deal
it would provide stability for most vulnerable americans. New works program, banking reform, increased taxes, programs to protect workers against unemployment, old age, and illness
Nicola sacco and bartolomeo Vanzetti
itallian born anarchists who were convicted of burning 2 men during the armed robbery of a shoe factory in mass.
Civilian Conservation Corps,
job creation program that employed young men in environmental projects
Jacob Riis, how the other half lives
journalist who wrote about the poor people in NYC, made photojournalism popular- to reach peoples feelings
upton Sinclair, the jungle
journalist, exposed conditions in the US meat packing industry causing the passage of the pure food and drug act
Sutter's Mill was located
just outside Sacramento, CA
trench warfare
land warfare; occupied fighting lines consisting of large trenches
sharecropping
landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop; differed from tenancy in that the terms were generally less favorable.
"white flight"
large scale migration of whites and various european ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more radically homogenous sunburn regions
The Fence-Cutters' War of 1883-1884 involved conflict between
larger and smaller cattle ranchers.
second battle of marne 1918
last german attack, failed, known as the beginning of the end of the great war
Philippine American war 1899-1902
lasted 3 years "water cure"- prisoner of war tourcher, William taft ends war
forest reserve act
law that allowed president to set aside purest reserves from the land in the public domain
Benito Mussolini
leader of Italy 1922-1945, fascism, determined minority was willing to use violence as a political tool
Mary Elizabeth Lease
leader of the farm protest movement who advocated violence if change could not be obtained at the ballot box. believed that the urban-industrial East was the enemy of the working class.
John L. Lewis
led coal miners out on strike in 1943
Samuel Gompers
led the American Federation of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
led the Knights of Labor
J.M. Chivington
led the massacre of two hundred Indians at Sand Creek
Lend Lease Act, 1941
lend material to fight and would get it back after to any country whose defense was vital to US- passes and becomes law (lend to Britain)
Blitzkrieg in France, 1940
lightening war, Fall of France- surrendered in 6 weeks, done with the help of tanks, aircraft, and radio
The purpose of the 1924 immigration law was to
limit immigration from eastern and southern Europe.
immigration act of 1924
limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people who were already living in the US in 1890 down from the 3% cap
Radical Republican governments lasted
longest in the Deep South which had the largest African American population
Tenantry and sharecropping led to
loss of soil fertility.
Thomas E. Dewey
lost the presidential election in 1944
Charles A Lindberg Jr
made 1st solo transatlantic flight from NY to paris in 33.5 hours, won congressional medal of honor
Dr Walter Reed
made an outstanding contribution to health in tropical regions around the world, proved that the mosquitos carrie yellow fever
James Oliver
made improved plow for Plains farmers
Employment act of 1946
main purpose was to lay the responsibility of economic stability of inflation and unemployment onto the federal gov
security council of the united nations
maintiance of international peace and security; include the establishment of peace keeping operations, internal sanctions, and authorization of military acton
Great Bull Market and buying on "margin"
make small downpayment and barrow rest from brokers for stock, if the buyer failed to meet the marginal call for more funds the broker could sell their stock
As a result of the dust storms on the plains,
many farmers could not pay their mortgages and lost their farms.
The social costs of industrialization included:
many job-related inuries and deaths.
Hundred Days
march 9- june 16, congress endorsed 15 major pieces of legislation proposed by the president that collectively transformed the role of fed. govt in social and economic life, US became organized nation confident in power to provide economic security and control destiny
The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) led the campaign to organize workers in
mass-production industries.
national security act of 1947
merged the department of war and the department of the navy into national military establishment; established a national security council
The irreconcilables were primarily
midwestern and western progressives.
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
missed vital shore installations and oil tanks.
Imperialism
most powerful in the current politics of the world. an unequal human and territorial relationship based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, control of one state
All of the following statements about post-World War I America are correct except
most working women kept their wartime industrial jobs.
Warsaw treaty organization (Warsaw pact)
motivated by soviet desires to maintain control over military faces in central and E. Europe which in turn to maintain peace in Europe
the great black migration
movement of 6 million african americans out of S. US to urban NE midwest and W
talkies
movies made with sound
ida tarbell
muckracker went after us steel and jp morgan
political "machine"
network of political activists and elected officials, usually controlled by a powerful "boss," that attempts to manipulate local politics.
For two years after the war began in Europe, the Wilson administration pursued a policy that stressed
neutrality.
As a result of racial segregation
new ecomonic opportunities were opened by blacks
As a result of racial segregation
new economic opportunities were available for blacks.
As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover promoted
new markets for business
As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover promoted
new markets for business.
William Randolph Hearst
newspaper journalist, wanted a war against Spain to catapult the US into global significance "NY journal"
"court-packing" maneuver
nickname for the court packing plan that backfired
"policy of the good neighbor"
no nation has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another
In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed? Answer Selected Answer:
none
In the 1880's the source of foriegn immigrations to the United States shifted from
northwestern Europe to southeastern Europe
In the 1880s, the source of foreign immigration to the United States shifted from
northwestern Europe to southeastern Europe.
The social costs of industrialization included
numerous job-related injuries and deaths.
In the 1890's, the disenfranchisement of blacks was
often acheived by literacy tests and poll taxes
Jay Gould
one of the biggest railroad barons.known for buying rundown railroads to resale them (used corporate money)
Mary Elizabeth Lease
one of the charismatic leaders of the farm protest movement
triangle shirtwaist fire
one of the deadliest industrial disasters in NY, led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards
Works Progress Administration
only urban unemployed, jobs program(federal jobs)- public works, had to benefit society- manual labor (we poke along) replaced FERA
Urban political machines did not
operate honestly
Bourbons
opponents of the Redeemers, were known for having forgotten nothing and learned nothing from the ordeal of the Civil War.
American Liberty League
organization that opposed the New Deal on the grounds that it limited American freedoms
Dennis Kearney
organized Workingman's Party of California
Walter Reuther was a leader in
organizing automobile workers.
The basic problem of farmers in the late nineteenth century was
overproduction of agricultural products and the subsequent decline in commodity prices.
William Randolph Hearst
owned the New York Journal
pancho villa and Columbus, new mexico raid 1916
pancho attacked Columbus so --> conducted by US wanted to capture pancho dead or alive
Hawaiian joint resolution 1898
passed in both houses(house and senate), hawaii annexed by US in summer
"internationalists"
people who believe americas security demanded aid to Britain, they organized the nonpartisan committee to defend america by aiding the allies
anarchists
people who oppose any form of government
"baby boom"
period of greatly increased birthrate
Kamikaze
pilots deliberately crash-dived their bomb-laden planes into american warships
"orthodox" view of the cold war
place blame for the cold war on the soviets and everything else was everyone responding to the soviets
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
placed a high tax on imports making it impossible for England and France to sell their goods in the US.
The Platt Amendment A. placed restrictions on the Cuban government. B. gave self-government to the Philippines. C. required United States control of the Panama Canal. D. exempted from the tariff all territories gained in the Spanish-American War.
placed restrictions on the Cuban government
The Platt Amendment
placed restrictions on the Cuban government's independence.
Until early 1918, U.S. forces in Europe
played only a token role.
Interregnum of 1649
political & spiritual, started by quaker radical thinkers->fled to USA, at time king deemed by god, Digger Manifesto
Which was not principally one of the networks by which women exerted a growing influence on public affairs in the late nineteenth century? Answer Selected Answer:
political party organizations
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
popular American president most remembered for the New Deal
Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
port city of 400,000, major assembly point for Japanese naval convoys center of war- related industries and headquarters of Japanese army, bomb was dropped
New South
post-Civil War South: democratic, industrial, urban, and free of nostalgia for the defeated plantation South
JP Morgan
powerful investment banker, consolidated companies into giant trusts, biggest investment was the consolidation of the steel company into the US steel corporation (1st billion dollar corp)
In political and economic matters, FDR was A. conservative. B. a dogmatic liberal. C. pragmatic. D. bound to follow southern Democratic leaders
pragmatic
In political and economic matters, FDR was
pragmatic.
John L. Lewis
president of United Mine Workers who got miners higher wages
The American Federation of Labor
primarily organized skilled workers.
paradoxes and ironies of progressivism
pro ad political party based on the idea of congress, which asserts that advances in science, technology, economic development, social organization, organization can improve the human condition
Social Security System
program created during Second New Deal; provides old-age and disability pensions & unemployment insurance
teddy roosevelt
progressive president and a democrat
Neutrality Act of 1935
prohibited americans from traveling on ships owned by nations @ war and couldn't sell arms and munitions to any belligerent nation when the president proclaimed that a state of war existed and forbidding loans
18th amendment
prohibition of alcohol
right to work laws
prohibition security agreement between labor unions and employees, that govern the extent to which an established union can require employees, membership, payment of union dues, or fees as a condition of employment either before or after hiring
19th amendment 1920
prohibits any US citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex
Lyman Abbott
prominent protestant clergyman and editor said that america was a divine of christian imperialism
Sussex pledge
promise made in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the US prior to the latters entry into the war
The American Protective Association was an organization that
promoted governmental restrictions on immigration.
open door policy
proposed to keep china open to trade w/ all countries on equal basis. 1. refrain from interfering with any treaty port/ any vested interest. 2. permit Chinese authority to collect tariffs on an equal basis. 3. to show no favor to their own nationals in the matter of harbor dues/ railroad charges
Grover Cleveland
proposed to return Queen Liliuokalani to Hawaiian throne
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire spurred interest in laws to
protect workers from accidents
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire spurred interest in laws to
protect workers from accidents.
The Pendleton Civil Service Act
provided for appointment to government jobs on the basis of competitive exams.
isolationism
pulling away from world affairs
The Wealth Tax Act of 1935
put in place to "slightly" up income tax (went from 7% to 75%)
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was
quelled by federal troops.
Harding was more progressive than Wilson in matters dealing with
race
Harding was more progressive than Wilson in matters dealing with
race.
The Sacco and Vanzetti case became a cause célèbre because of the defendants'
radical Italian backgrounds.
"fireside chats"
radio broadcast, FDR was the 1st president to use radio, he hosted 16 chats to generate public support for the new deal
The first big business in the United States was in
railroads
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
raised rates to all-time highs
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
raised rates to all-time highs.
The 1897 Dingley Tariff: Answer Selected Answer:
raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.
The War Industries Board (WIB), which became the most important of all federal mobilization agencies, had the authority to
ration raw materials, construct factories, and set prices.
underwood simmons tariff 1913
re-imposed the fed income tax following the ratification of the 16th amendment, lowered basic tariff rates
progressives
reformers who worked to stop unfair practices by businesses and improve the way grovernment works
The Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act are examples of the federal action to
regulate business activity.
During the 1920s, progressive reformers
remained active in the Senate.
In the 1920s, progressivism
remained strong in Congress
In the 1920s, progressivism
remained strong in Congress.
Wilson's Fourteen Points included all the following except
replacing the tsar on the Russian throne.
William G. Harding
republican eager to regain control of the white house, promised to return to normalcy
McCarran Internal security act of 1959
required communist organizations to register with the US attorney general and establish subversive activities to investigate suspected of engaging supervise activists (fascists or communists)
"suburbia"
residential area visiting as part of a city or urban area
William McKinley
responsible for the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which raised the duties on manufactured products to their highest level ever. Voters disliked the tariff and McKinley,he won the presidential election of 1896 and raised the tariffs again. In 1898, he annexed Hawaii and declared war on Spain. The war concluded with the Treaty of Paris, which gave America control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Soon America was fighting Filipinos, who were seeking independence for their country. In 1901, McKinley was assassinated.
Platt Amendment
restricted the new cuban gov independence, required that cuba never impair its independence by signing a treaty w/ a 3rd power, cuba had to sell/release to US lands to be used for coaling naval bases
Taft-Hartley Act 1947
restricts the activities and power of labor unions A.k.a. slave labor act
league of nations
resuit of the paris peace conference, wanted to maintain world peace
Chinese civil war (1945-1949)
resulted in republic of china Taiwan and the peoples republic of china, both claiming gov. of china, Taiwan lost China won
By the 1880's the federal government operated at a surplus because of the
revenues generated by the tariff
By the 1880s, the federal government operated at a surplus because of the
revenues generated by the tariff.
Casablanca Conference (1943)
roosevelt, churchill and combined chiefs of staff met. plan to step up bombing of Germany and increase shipments of military supplies to soviet union and Chinese forces fighting Japanese
Spheres of influence in China
russia, germany, france, great Britain
Rutherford B. Hayes
said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
During the 1880s, the South as a regional whole: Answer Selected Answer:
sank deeper and deeper into poverty.
Among the reasons the atomic bomb was used against Japan was the belief that it would
save the lives of American soldiers.
Molly Maguires
secret organization of irish coal miners that used violence to intimidate mine officials
The flappers
seemed a shocking example of the "new feminism" to the older generation.
In the Cariibean, the Wilson administration
sent marines in to Haiti and the Dominican Republic
In the Caribbean, the Wilson administration
sent marines into Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
first peacetime conscription
sept 16 Roosevelt signed 1st peacetime conscription in american history, requiring the registration of all 16 mil men aged 21-35
GI bill of rights
service readjustment act, provided a range of benefit for returning WWII vets
U. S. oil embargo
set against japan saying we couldn't sell them oil
Smith act
set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the US gov and required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the gov
Office of Price Administration
set price ceilings
All of the following are correct about the Sherman Anti-Trust Act except that it
set up the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Jane Addams
settlement house -- hull house
Jane Addams was a pioneer in the
settlement house movement
Hoovervilles
shanty towns that sprouted across the country to house devastated and homeless
Eleanor Roosevelt
she was FDR's eyes and ears and a strong advocate for the New Deal
Panama Canal
ship canal that connects Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, US agreed to pay 10$ mil and a rental fee of 250,000$ a year
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe doctrine
since the Monroe doctrine prohibited intervention of the region by Europeans, the US was justified in intervening 1st to forestall involvement by outsiders, made the US the police of Americas
The Redeemers in the South: Answer Selected Answer:
slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
he keeps us out of war
slogan said to reelect Wilson (it worked)
The New Deal's "cornerstone" and "supreme achievement," according to FDR, was/were
social security.
The Democratic party generally consisted of
southern whites, immigrants, and political outsiders.
The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution
started Prohibition.
The Seventeenth Amendment
stated that U.S. senators should be popularly elected rather than chosen by their state.
truman doctrine of 1947
stated that the US would support Greece and turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the soviet sphere
October 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday")
stcok market crashed
One of the muckrakers' major achievements was to
stir up popular support for reform
Battle of the Coral Sea (1942)
stopped a Japanese fleet convoying troops toward New Guiana
The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific because it
stopped the eastward advance of the Japanese.
"leapfrogging" ("island hopping")
strategy where they used airpower and sea power to neutralize Japanese strong holds on Pacific islands
freedom of the seas
stresses the freedom to navigate the oceans; disapproves of war foreign in water
Wartime rationing included
sugar, coffee, and gasoline.
The scientific work of Einstein, Heisenberg, and others
suggested that there is a limit to our ability to understand the universe.
The Morill Tariff and the transcontinental railroad demonstrated the federal government's
support for business intrests
Carpetbaggers and Sacalawags generally
supported the Republican party
redeemers
supporters of postwar Democratic leaders who supposedly saved the South from Yankee domination and the constraints of a purely rural economy.
African American's role in Reconstruction did not involve
supporting the integregation of southern schools
nativism
suspicion of foreign born people
cold war
sustained state of political and military tension between powers, against communism and the need to rebuild Europe and Asia, a war of ideas
Eleanor Roosevelt helped the president by
taking political risks by making alliances with black, labor, and women's groups.
firebomb raids
targeted major cities destroying 40% of their communities
The only major national issue that clearly and consistently divided Democrats from Republicans was
tariff policy.
Ida Tarbell, history of the standard oil company
teacher, author, journalist. hated j. rockerfeller, book created with hastening the break up of the standard oil company
the lost generation
term popularized by ernest hemingway, talking about generation of young people who came of age during/shortly after WWI
organized crime
term which categories' transnational, national, local grouping of highly enterprises criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity usually for monetary profit
Declaration of the United Nations (1942)
the Allies of WWII pledged adherence to the Atlantic charter's principles
What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers? Answer Selected Answer:
the American Federation of Labor
organized skilled workers
the American Federation of Labor primarily: 779
The Ghost Dance craze immediately preceded
the Battle of Wounded Knee.
The many scandals in Harding's administration touched all of the following except
the Bonus Army.
The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was: Answer Selected Answer:
the Farmers Alliance.
For Wilson, the most important part of the peace negotiations involved
the League of Nations.
The Haymarket incident involved
the McCormick Reaper Works. America's first terrorist bombing. the Knights of Labor. all the above
Among the catalysts for progressivism were all of the following except
the Old Guard Republicans
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China? Answer Selected Answer:
the Open Door policy
What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished? Answer Selected Answer:
the Philippine War
The name for the coalition of black Republicans and anti-Redeemer Democrats that governed the state of Virginia from 1879 to 1883 was: Answer Selected Answer:
the Readjuster movement.
Wilson's failure to take a major Republican to the postwar peace conference was a mistake because
the Republicans controlled Congress.
"The splendid little war" of 1898 was: Answer Selected Answer:
the Spanish-American War.
The Nye committee investigations concluded that
the United States allowed munitions manufacturers to make huge profits from World War I.
marshall plan (european recovery program) of 1948
the american initiative to aid Europe; US gave economic support to help rebuild european economies after WWII in order to prevent the spread of soviet communism
T
the anarchists believed governments were abusive devises controlled by the rich (T/F) 776
T
the anarchists used acts of violence(T/F) 776
T
the anarchists wanted a stateless society: (T/F) 776
dust bowl
the area that included wester kansas and oklahoma, northern texas, and eastern colorado and new mexico that suffered from the black blizzards
The most significant economic and social development of the early twentieth century was
the automobile.
In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives: Answer Selected Answer:
the battleship Maine
Albert J. Beveridge, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt agreed on
the benefits of obtaining overseas possesions
Albert J. Beveridge, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt agreed on A. low tariffs for agricultural products. B. the benefits of obtaining overseas possessions. C. opposition to the Spanish-American War. D. the need for a small navy.
the benefits of obtaining overseas possessions
Albert J. Beveridge, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt agreed on
the benefits of obtaining overseas possessions.
fundamentalism
the demand for a strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines usually understood as a reaction against modernist theology
The rise of racial segregation in the South led to
the development of a separate black culture.
The chief accomplishment of the New South movement was
the development of the textile industry
The chief accomplishment of the New South movement was
the development of the textile industry.
Post-war economic problems
the end of the war pulled the rug out from under the economy that had been booming because of the wartime needs of America and Allies; 100,000 businesses bankrupt; 453,000 farmers lost their land; 5 million new unemployed
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
range wars
the late 1800s, conflicting claims over land and water rights triggered violent disputes between farmers and ranchers in parts of the western United States.
Remember the Maine
the marine ship exploded and sank, only 84 survivors
Racial conflict among Americans during World War I resulted from
the mass movement of southern blacks to northern cities.
Racial conflict among Americans during and after World War I resulted from
the mass movement of southern blacks to northern cities.
New Deal
the name given to FDR's massive plan for relief, recovery, and reform
"halfway revolution"
the new deal represented the halfway revolution that permanently altered the nations social and political landscape
Yellow journalism
the newspapers sensationalism as well as their intentional efforts to manipulate public opinions, exaggeration of the newspaper
Declaration of Cairo (1943)
the outcome of the Cairo Conference in Cairo, Egypt, on Nov 27, 1943. FDR, Churchill and Generalissimo were present.
The basic problem that farmers faced in the late ninteenth century was
the overpopulation of agricultural products
The basic problem that farmers faced in the late nineteenth century was
the overproduction of agricultural products.
"Seward's folly" involved
the purchase of Alaska
"Seward's folly" involved A. sending the U.S. navy around the world. B. Seward's campaign for president in 1884. C. entry into the Spanish-American War. D. the purchase of Alaska.
the purchase of Alaska
"Seward's folly" involved
the purchase of Alaska.
Executive Order 9066
the removal of japanese americans in 1942, more than 60% were US citizens, 1/3 were under the age of 19
suffrage movement
the right for women to vote
The Fair Labor Standards Act provided for all of the following for interstate businesses except
the right of workers to form unions.
John Fiske, American political ideas viewed from the standpoint of universal history 1885
the superior character of "anglo saxon" instutions and people. The English-speaking race was destined to dominate the globe in transform the institutions, traditions, language
In the election of 1888, the central issue was
the tariff
In the election of 1888, the central issue was
the tariff.
In United States v. Butler, the Supreme Court overturned the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) because
the tax on food processors was unconstitutional.
Andrew Carniege's "Gospel of Wealth" explained
the virtues of the law of competition
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" explained
the virtues of the law of competition.
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" explained his business techniques in the steel industry.
the virtues of the law of competition.
"final solution"
the wholesale extermination of some 6 mil jews along w/ 1 mil of others captured
"Bonus Expeditionary Force"
their purpose was to get immediate payment of the cash bonus to early 4 mil WWII vets that congress had approved in 1924
All of the following are true of American workers by the 1880s except
they joined unions in large numbers.
Sears, Roebuck and Company
this company dominated mail order creating low prices
Progressive Era
time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically
President Wilson sent General Pershing into Mexico
to chase Pancho Villa.
Congress decided in 1867 that the best way to end Indian Wars was:
to persuade Indians to live on reservations
The southern Bourbons
tolerated black political activity until the 1890s.
Until the 1890s, the southern Bourbons
tolerated black political activity.
big four
top allied leaders who met at paris peace conference
soviet atomic bomb (1949)
top secret research and development program began during WWII
Manhattan Project
top secret, to develop atomic weaponry before Nazi Germany did
1/5 of the gold seekers who went to California in 1849 died within six months
true
After the war, many African Americans moved out of the South and into different parts of the country looking for new opportunities.
true
Although laborers went on strike after the war for higher wages and shorter workweeks, critics linked them to the Communist movement.
true
As a result of the Compromise of 1850, California entered the Union as a free state
true
As president, Woodrow Wilson succeeded in getting Congress to pass general lowering of the nations's tariffs rates
true
Black volunteers were accepted for service in the Spanish-American War and black regiments were used in the American invasion force
true
By granting large amounts of land to state governments, the federal government encouraged states to establish universities and colleges that would emphasize practical learning, especially in agriculture and mechanics
true
By offering to meditate a major coal strike, Roosevelt moved toward taking the federal government away from an antilabor stance toward a more natural approach
true
Congress never passed the Wilmot Proviso
true
D.W. Griffith was a pioneer in the production of motion pictures
true
Due to the overbuilding the pre-Civil War era, the number of miles of railroad track in the U.S. actually declined from 1860 to 1900
true
Eugene V. Debs was sentenced to prison for violating the Espionage Act.
true
George Dewey led the American naval force that captured Manila Bay
true
In 1918, the United States sent troops to fight the Bolsheviks in Russia.
true
In the mining frontier of the Far West, Hispanics and Chinese often did menial labor
true
Jacob Riis was journalist whose stories about life in urban slums helped inspire reformers
true
John D. Rockefeller began building Standard Oil by concentrating on the refining stage of the petroleum industry
true
Many immigrants came to the U.S. intending to work for a few years to earn some money and then return to their home country
true
Most European immigrants who came to the U.S. up to the 1880s arrives from northern Europe and the British Isles (Germany, England, Ireland, etc.) but by the 1900 southern and eastern Europeans (Italians, Poles, Russians, Greeks, Slavs, etc.) dominated
true
Political bosses and the machines they operated were usually more popular with people in the poor and working class neighborhoods of large cities than with people of the upper and middle classes
true
The "Gospel of Wealth" referred to the idea that the rich had a responsibility to use their money to promote social progress
true
The Pottawatomie Massacre was part of the conflict between proslavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas
true
The Progressive Party of 1912 was nicknamed the "Bull Moose" party
true
The Republican Party was created in 1854 by the merging of several anti-slavery groups
true
The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin was Harriet Beecher Stowe
true
The conservation movement was somewhat internally divided between naturalists who stressed the preservation of natural spaces and those who stressed managed exploitation of those resources
true
The holding company came to be more popular for big business than the formal trust because it allowed actual corporate mergers
true
The principle use of petroleum in the late 19th century was oil for lubrication of machines rather than fuel
true
The sixteenth amendment authorized an income tax
true
Theodore Roosevelt became the president as a result of the assassination of William McKinley
true
Through his execution, John Brown became a martyr for the anti-slavery party
true
U.S. contact with Hawaii began well before the Civil War
true
Woodrow Wilson's so-called New Freedom program called more effort to break up big business combinations than Roosevelt's New Nationalism did
true
in 1857, Kansas had only about 200 saves, and most people there were anti-slavery
true
MacArthur vs Truman
truman won reelection in 1948 and was president when the N. Korean army crossed the 38th parallel into S. Korea in 1950. Since MacArthur was still in command in japan, the defense of S. Korea fell under his command when truman and the authorized the defense of S. Korea, MacArther criticized Truman and was fired and replaced
Battle of Midway (1942)
turning point in pacific war, Japanese damaged the islands defenses but costed them 1/3 of their planes, american bombers come back sinking aircrafts, 1st defeat for the Japanese navy
Battle of the Atlantic
turning point, the fall of France allowed german subs to use french ports allowing them to reach the atlantic to sink tankers headed for England, by the end of 1942 we depicted the german radio codes so we could stay clear of the subs and w/ the help of sonar and radar
Sacco and Vanzetti
two Italian immigrants that were charged with the murder of a paymaster in Braintree, Massachusetts.
demographic effects of the war
unemployment rate went from 14% in 1940 to 2% in 1943, consumer prices had risen to 31%, african population increased, rural population decreased by 20%
flu pandemic of 1918-1919
unusual influenza virus, infected 500 million people, killed mainly healthy young adults
dollar diplomacy
urging to invest American money in latin American countires. taft: wanted to further its aims in Latin America through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries
To conserve the nation's natural resources, Theodore Roosevelt wanted to
use efficiency and government regulation.
To conserve the nation's natural resources, Theodore Roosevelt wanted to
use the techniques of scientific management
Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists? Answer Selected Answer:
using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause
Vaudeville was the name given to
variety shows
northern securities case
vs US court ruled 5 to 4 against the stockholders
changing status of women
w/ millions of men in the military, the demand for workers shook up prejudices about sex roles in the workplace and military, 6 mil women entered workforce
Muckrackers
wanted to expose american scandals in newspapers
liberty bonds
war bond; sold in US to support the allied cause in WWI
Chester A. Arthur
was Garfield's vice president
Mark Hanna
was McKinley's campaign manager
William Jennings Bryan
was Wilson's first secretary of state
Robert Lansing
was Wilson's second secretary of state
Philippe Bunau-Varilla
was a Panamanian ambassador to the United States
Eugene V. Debs
was a Socialist party presidential candidate
USS Greer
was a Wickes-class destroyer in the US Navy, she became the first US Navy ship to fire on a German ship, 3 months before the US officially entered WWII, sept 1941- Greer was destroyed
John J. Pershing
was a World War I general
Joseph Glidden
was a barbed-wire promoter
Battle of the Philippine Sea (1944)
was a decisive naval battle of WWII which eliminated the Imperial Japanese Navy's ability to conduct large-scale carrier actions. It took place during the US amphibious invasion of the Mariana Islands during the Pacific War.
Joe Hill
was a labor organizer executed for murder
Henry Cabot Lodge
was a leading reservationist concerning League of Nations
Eugene V. Debs
was a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
Chester Nimitz
was an American admiral in Pacific
"merchants of death"
was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War).
William H. Taft
was chief justice of the United States after being president
The construction of the Panama Canal
was controversial with the United States.
Social Security Act
was designed primarily to fulfill long-range goal by helping the elderly in two type of assistanc: those who were destitute could receive federal assistance, and the Americans presently working could contribute paying a payroll tax and it would provide them with income on retirement.
Henry Grady
was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
Harry Truman
was elected vice president in 1944
Calvin Coolidge
was governor of Massachusetts at the time of the Boston police strike
All of the following are correct about the Women's Christian Temperance Union except that it
was led by Ida M. Tarbell.
Hoover
was president during the Great Depression
Henry Clay Frick
was president of the Homestead Steel Works
John Hay
was secretary of state; called Spanish-American War "a splendid little war"
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
was set up by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer (Palmer Raids) to arrest communist, socialists, and anarchists
William Jennings Bryan
was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
William Jennings Bryan
was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1900
Alton B. Parker
was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
Franklin D. Roosevelt
was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1944
Georges Clemenceau
was the French premier during World War I
James B. Weaver
was the Populist presidential candidate in 1892
Theodore Roosevelt
was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
Charles Evans Hughes
was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
A. Mitchell Palmer
was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
Louis D. Brandeis
was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court
Frederick W. Taylor
was the original "efficiency expert"
Sam McClure
was the owner of best-selling McClure's Magazine
Henry Wallace
was the sitting vice president removed from the 1944 ticket
Battle of Manila bay 1898
we quickly destroyed or captured all the spanish war ships, we were recognized as a naval power, only 1 man died
The Half-Breeds
were led by James G.Blaine
The following are all true of anarchists except that they
were led by Karl Marx.
Most women in the twenties
were not flappers.
V-E Day, May 8, 1945
when Germans surrendered unconditionally, allied victory in Europe generated massive celebrations
jazz age
when jazz music and dance became popular
The buffalo herds in the West almost disappeared because
white hunters killed so many buffalo. a drought killed their grasslands. cattle competed for forage. all of the above
Frances Perkins
woman who proposed to set up social security act
19th amendment
women voting rights
WAC
womens army corps, took women out of their everyday life and put into war (200,000 women)
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
worried eastern business and financial groups.
Townsend Recovery Plan
would pay $200/month to every citizen over 60 who retired and promised to spend the $ in the month
Andrew Carnegie
wrote "The Gospel of Wealth"
Josiah Strong
wrote Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
Alfred Thayer Mahan
wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Upton Sinclair
wrote The Jungle
T. S. Elliot
wrote The Waste Land
Frederick Jackson Turner
wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
"teen" subculture
youth based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors and interests
