US History (Texas) Ch. 8 The Jefferson Era

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Lewis and Clark expedition

1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Non-Intercourse Act

1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.

Sacagawea

A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark

Oliver Hazard Perry

Naval officer who led the US victory over the British on Lake Erie in 1813

Treaty of Ghent

the treaty that was signed in Belgium on December 24, 1814, ended the War of 1812

John Adams

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

John Marshall

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

Zebulon Pike

American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the Lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase by searching where the Red River begins.

Meriwether Lewis

Army captain appointed by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and lands west to the Pacific Ocean

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence 3rd President of the United States

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.

Analyzing the War of 1812

CAUSES OF THE WAR *Impressment of American sailors *Interference with American shipping *British military aid to Native Americans EFFECTS OF THE WAR *Increased sense of national pride *American manufacturing boosted *Native American resistance weakened

Hartford Convention

Federalists agreed to oppose the war and send delegates to meet with Congress

Battle of New Orleans

Made Andrew Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the War of 1812

Treaty of Fort Jackson

Signed late in 1814, ended the Creek War and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

Impressment

The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.

judicial review

The power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Battle of Lake Erie

U.S. victory in the War of 1812, led by Oliver Hazard Perry: broke Britain's control of Lake Erie.

Marbury vs Madison

a case that helped establish the Supreme Court's power to check the power of the other branches of government

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement that pushed them off their lands. (1768-1813)

USS Constitution

a large U.S. warship sent to end attacks by Mediterranean pirates on American merchant ships

embargo

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

Wiliam Clark

person chosen by Meriwether Lewis to help lead a journey to the West