USA Physical Science Test Prep One

Positive and negative charges are attracted to one another. The phenomenon of static electricity requires a separation of positive and negative charges. Laundry in a clothes dryer often becomes charged with static electricity while drying. Which of these best explains why a clothes dryer often generates static electricity?

Electrons are transferred as clothes rub against each other in the dryer.

Why does an object in motion stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force?

because forces are what stop and start motion

Why do X-Ray technicians stand behind a shield when giving X-Rays to patients?

because large doses of X-Rays are known to cause cell damage and cancers

Rusting metal is an example of a _________ change.

chemical

Your science teacher gives you three liquids to pour into a jar. After pouring, the liquids layer as seen here. What property of matter prevents the three liquids from mixing together to form a solution?

density

The variables _______ and ________ affect the gravitational force between objects.

distance, mass

Using the Law of Conservation of Matter, determine the number of grams of iron sulfide (FeS) that will be produced in this reaction. 112g Fe + 64g S → _____ g FeS

176 grams

Iron combines with oxygen to form rust. Given the chemical reaction, how many grams of rust would be produced if 3 grams of reactants were consumed?

3 grams

Jim is rearranging his apartment and needs to move his entertainment center. If the gravity exerts 15 N and there is 10 N of friction, how much force will Jim need to exert to move it?

30N

How does a concave lens differ from a convex lens?

A convex lens has a thick center and thin edges; a concave lens has a thin center and thicker edges.

What happens when light strikes a transparent object?

All the light passes through the object

Water, H2O, is made up of different elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Is this type of combination a mixture or a pure substance?

Because water molecules all have a consistent ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, it is a pure substance.

Kimberly, Alex, and Fernando built small sailboats in science class. Their boats have the following weights: Kimberly: 150 grams Alex: 175 grams Fernando: 200 grams Think about how much force is needed to move each boat. Which correctly lists the boats in order from the most to least amount of force needed to move them?

Fernando, Alex, Kimberly

Matt and Juan are studying chemical reactions and the law of conservation of matter in science. Each lab group conducted an experiment to verify the law. The boys materials can be seen in the data table: antacid tablet, water, and a zip lock baggie. They found the mass of all the materials and recorded the mass in grams in the table as well, then calculated the total mass of the system. Matt placed the tablet in the baggie and then Juan poured in the water. The boys closed the baggiewaited until the tablet disappeared. When the reaction was completed, they found the mass of the system again. Note their results in the data table. Elaborate on the most logical reason why the data did not support the law of conservation of matter.

Some gas escaped from the baggie before the boys had it completely closed.

Based on the Law of Conservation of Matter, describe the relationship between the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products.

The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.

A remote control only works when it is pointed at the television. What is the best explanation for this?

The remote control transmits information through waves, such as infrared waves, to the television.

There are three ways to give an object a static charge. They are friction, conduction and induction. Two pieces of cellophane tape are stuck to a lab table. Each piece is quickly ripped off the table. A student attempts to bring the two pieces of tape together, but the tape is attracted to her hand. So, the tape clings to her hand. Formulate a possible explanation for this.

The tape is charged by friction and her hand has an induced opposite charge. They therefore attract.

A simple motor converts _________________ energy into ___________________ energy.

electrical, mechanical

The image shown is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a wide range of different forms of __________ that travel as waves.

energy

This graph shows the change in the force of gravity as distance increases. The graph will never reach zero, which suggests that

every object exerts gravitational force on every other object.

Heating gas to create plasma can yield

free electrons

Which state of matter has the most kinetic energy?

gas

he light bulb converts electrical energy into light and _________.

heat

Maria's father started a fire in the fireplace. He crumpled some paper, lit a match, and soon the logs in the fireplace were burning. In this case, the stored chemical energy in the logs was changed into

heat and light energy

Will was riding his bike when a dog ran out in front of him. He slammed on his brakes. During this quick stop, some of the mechanical energy (his motion) was changed into

heat energy

Jim collects a sample of beach sand during a class trip. After a close inspection of the sample he classifies it as a ____________ mixture.

heterogeneous

As you move from left to right across the electromagnetic spectrum in the image, the wavelength becomes

longer

A roller coaster at an amusement park goes from the top of a tall hill to the bottom. During this time, the roller coaster

loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy

Light is propagated as a transverse wave. For this reason, sunglasses, ski goggles and camera lenses can restrict the vibration of light to specific directions. This is known as

polarization

By 1949 Americans who lived within the range of a television stations in the country could watch TV, vastly changing the way that humans communicated with each other. What type of electromagnetic wave made TV technology possible?

radio waves

Inertia is a property of matter that __________ changes in motion.

resists

Which of these examples would be classified as a longitudinal wave?

shock wave

Mrs. Adams class decides to try an experiment. She rubs a blown up balloon on Sandy's head. After this, she takes the balloon and places it on the side of the wall, where it sticks, instead of falling to the ground. Also, Sandy's hair is now sticking almost straight out. What causes Sandy's hair to act this way?

static electricity

Billy tapped the ruler and it made a funny noise. Billy heard the sound because the ruler vibrated ____________ molecules back and forth.

the air